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Şenol ZM, El Messaoudi N, Ciğeroglu Z, Miyah Y, Arslanoğlu H, Bağlam N, Kazan-Kaya ES, Kaur P, Georgin J. Removal of food dyes using biological materials via adsorption: A review. Food Chem 2024; 450:139398. [PMID: 38677180 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
It is alarming that synthetic food dyes (FD) are widely used in various industries and that these facilities discharge their wastewater into the environment without treating it. FDs mixed into industrial wastewater pose a threat to the environment and human health. Therefore, removing FDs from wastewater is very important. This review explores the burgeoning field of FD removal from wastewater through adsorption using biological materials (BMs). By synthesizing a wealth of research findings, this comprehensive review elucidates the diverse array of BMs employed, ranging from algae and fungi to agricultural residues and microbial biomass. Furthermore, this review investigates challenges in practical applications, such as process optimization and scalability, offering insights into bridging the gap between laboratory successes and real-world implementations. Harnessing the remarkable adsorptive potential of BMs, this review presents a roadmap toward transformative solutions for FD removal, promising cleaner and safer production practices in the food and beverage industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Mine Şenol
- Department of Nutrition and Diet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Turkey.
| | - Noureddine El Messaoudi
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco
| | - Zeynep Ciğeroglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Usak University, Usak 64300, Turkey
| | - Youssef Miyah
- Laboratory of Materials, Processes, Catalysis, and Environment, Higher School of Technology, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco; Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Fez/Meknes, Morocco
| | - Hasan Arslanoğlu
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Engineering Faculty, Chemical Engineering, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Bağlam
- Department of Nutrition and Diet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Turkey
| | - Emine Sena Kazan-Kaya
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey
| | - Parminder Kaur
- Circular Economy Solutions (KTR), Geological Survey of Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jordana Georgin
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 #55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
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Lee SJ, Han X, Men X, Oh G, Choi SI, Lee OH. Improvement of analytical method for three azo dyes in processed milk and cheese using HPLC-PDA. Food Chem X 2023; 18:100713. [PMID: 37397211 PMCID: PMC10314154 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to develop and validate a method for simultaneously measuring three azo dyes (azorubine, brilliant black BN, lithol rubine BK) not designated in Korea. The HPLC-PDA analysis method was validated based on the ICH guidelines, and the color stability was evaluated. The milk and cheese samples were spiked with azo dyes, the correlation coefficient of calibration curve ranged from 0.999 to 1.000 and the recovery rates of azo dyes were 98.81 ∼ 115.94%, with RSD of 0.08 ∼ 3.71%. The LOD and the LOQ in milk and cheese ranged from 1.14 to 1.73 μg/mL and 3.46 to 5.25 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, the expanded uncertainties of the measurements ranged from 3.3421 to 3.8146%. The azo dyes appeared to be color stable for more than 14 days. The results indicate that this analytical method is suitable for extracting and analyzing azo dyes in milk and cheese samples, which are not permitted in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Jeong Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Xionggao Han
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao Men
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Oh
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Il Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Agricultural and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hwan Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Kekes T, Tzia C. Adsorption of indigo carmine on functional chitosan and β-cyclodextrin/chitosan beads: Equilibrium, kinetics and mechanism studies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 262:110372. [PMID: 32250827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to produce novel cross-linked Chitosan and Chitosan/β-Cyclodextrin beads and study the adsorption of Indigo Carmine. Both adsorbents were characterized by SEM and FTIR techniques. Batch experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the effect of initial adsorbent's concentration, dye's initial concentration, initial pH and temperature. In all cases Chitosan/β-Cyclodextrin crosslinked beads exhibited higher removal efficiency of Indigo Carmine. Higher removal rates of Indigo Carmine were observed at low values of dye's initial concentration, pH and temperature, and high concentrations of adsorbent. The equilibrium adsorption data were a good fit for both Langmuir and Freundlich models and maximum adsorption capacity was 500.0 and 1000.0 mgIC/gadsorbent for Chitosan and Chitosan/β-Cyclodextrin crosslinked beads, respectively. Adsorption of Indigo Carmine was found to follow the pseudo-second order. The negative values of ΔGo, ΔHo and ΔSo indicate that the adsorption process is exothermic, spontaneous and favorable at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tryfon Kekes
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou St., Polytechnioupoli, Zografou, 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantina Tzia
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou St., Polytechnioupoli, Zografou, 15780, Athens, Greece.
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Hu Z, Qi P, Wang N, Zhou QQ, Lin ZH, Chen YZ, Mao XW, Jiang JJ, Li C. Simultaneous determination of multiclass illegal dyes with different acidic–basic properties in foodstuffs by LC-MS/MS via polarity switching mode. Food Chem 2020; 309:125745. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pigłowski M. Product categories and hazard categories in the RASFF notifications: dependences between chosen variables. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND SAFETY OF CROPS & FOODS 2017. [DOI: 10.3920/qas2016.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Pigłowski
- Gdynia Maritime University, Morska 81-87, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland
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Teng Y, Zhou Q. Adsorption behavior of Sudan I-IV on a coastal soil and their forecasted biogeochemical cycles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:10749-10758. [PMID: 28285350 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8723-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sudan I-IV as synthetic azo dyes have been concerned worldwide and ever caused a panic on food safety because of illegal addition into foodstuffs. In the past decades, various methods are being developed to identify and determine Sudan dyes in foodstuffs. However, relevant studies about their biogeochemical behaviors and potential environmental effects are rarely reported, although it is of great importance and necessity accounting for their potential environmental contamination from various sources. In this work, the experimental studies on adsorption behavior of Sudan I-IV acting on soil (10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/L) were carried out, and their transport in soil compartments and between soil-water, and air-soil interfaces were discussed. Results showed that the amount of Sudan I-IV adsorbed on soil increased accordingly with the increasing concentration of Sudan dyes in aqueous solution, and Sudan II and IV were more likely adsorbed on the tested soils than Sudan I and III based on their maximum adsorption amount. However, for Sudan I, III, and IV, in some high concentrations (under the treatment of 75 mg/L for Sudan III, 100 mg/L for Sudan I and IV), the adsorption was significantly increased, and then came back to the "normal" level (under the treatment of 100 mg/L for Sudan III). It is expected that relevant researches on their biogeochemical behaviors in soil compartments, and between soil-water and air-soil interfaces would be concerned and addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Teng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Oplatowska-Stachowiak M, Elliott CT. Food colors: Existing and emerging food safety concerns. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:524-548. [PMID: 25849411 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.889652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Food colors are added to different types of commodities to increase their visual attractiveness or to compensate for natural color variations. The use of these additives is strictly regulated in the European Union, the United States, and many other countries worldwide. There is a growing concern about the safety of some commonly used legal food colorants and there is a trend to replace the synthetic forms with natural products. Additionally, a number of dyes with known or suspected genotoxic or carcinogenic properties have been shown to be added illegally to foods. Robust monitoring programs based on reliable detection methods are required to assure the food is free from harmful colors. The aim of this review is to present an up to date status of the various concerns arising from use of color additives in food. The most important food safety concerns in the field of food colors are lack of uniform regulation concerning legal food colors worldwide, possible link of artificial colors to hyperactive behavior, replacement of synthetic colors with natural ones, and the presence of harmful illegal dyes-both known but also new, emerging ones in food. The legal status of food color additives in the EU, United States, and worldwide is summarized. The reported negative health effects of both legal and illegal colors are presented. The European Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed notifications and US import alerts concerning food colors are analyzed and trends in fraudulent use of color additives identified. The detection methods for synthetic colors are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher T Elliott
- a Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , United Kingdom
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Simultaneous Determination of 23 Azo Dyes in Paprika by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0648-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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