1
|
Vaičiūtė D, Bučas M, Bresciani M, Dabulevičienė T, Gintauskas J, Mėžinė J, Tiškus E, Umgiesser G, Morkūnas J, De Santi F, Bartoli M. Hot moments and hotspots of cyanobacteria hyperblooms in the Curonian Lagoon (SE Baltic Sea) revealed via remote sensing-based retrospective analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:145053. [PMID: 33736231 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A temporally and spatially detailed historical (1985-2018) analysis of cyanobacteria blooms was performed in the Curonian Lagoon (Lithuania, Russia), the largest coastal lagoon in the Baltic Sea. Satellite data allowed the mapping of cyanobacteria surface accumulations, so-called "scums", and of chlorophyll-a concentration. The 34-year time series shows a tendency towards later occurrence (October-November) of the cyanobacteria scum presence, whereas the period of its onset (June-July) remains relatively constant. The periods when scums are present, "hot moments", have been consistently increasing in duration since 2008. The differences in the starting, ending and annual duration of cyanobacteria blooms have been significantly altered by hydro-meteorological conditions (river discharge, water temperature, and wind conditions) and their year-round patterns. The most important environmental factors that determined the temporal changes of the scum presence and area were the standing stock of cyanobacteria and the ambient wind conditions. The "hotspots", the areas where the blooms most likely occur, were distributed in the south-southwestern and central parts of the lagoon. The least affected areas were the northern part, which is connected to the coastal waters of the Baltic Sea, and the Nemunas River delta region. The longstanding, well-established spatial patterns of cyanobacteria blooms were linked to hydrodynamic features, namely water renewal time and current patterns, and to potential nutrient sources that included muddy sediments and the locations of colonies of piscivorous birds. Our findings confirmed that the annual and seasonal variations of cyanobacteria blooms and their regulation are a complex issue due to interactions between multiple factors over spatially and temporally broad scales. Despite great progress in the prevention and control of eutrophication and cyanobacteria blooms, the lagoon is still considered to be in a poor ecological status. This work provides a new and missing understanding on the spatial and temporal extent of cyanobacteria blooms and the factors that govern them. Such an understanding can help in planning management strategies, forecasting the magnitude and severity of blooms under changing nutrient loads and potential climate scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Vaičiūtė
- Marine Research Institute, Klaipėda University, Universiteto Ave. 17, 92294 Klaipėda, Lithuania.
| | - Martynas Bučas
- Marine Research Institute, Klaipėda University, Universiteto Ave. 17, 92294 Klaipėda, Lithuania.
| | - Mariano Bresciani
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Toma Dabulevičienė
- Marine Research Institute, Klaipėda University, Universiteto Ave. 17, 92294 Klaipėda, Lithuania.
| | - Jonas Gintauskas
- Marine Research Institute, Klaipėda University, Universiteto Ave. 17, 92294 Klaipėda, Lithuania.
| | - Jovita Mėžinė
- Marine Research Institute, Klaipėda University, Universiteto Ave. 17, 92294 Klaipėda, Lithuania.
| | - Edvinas Tiškus
- Marine Research Institute, Klaipėda University, Universiteto Ave. 17, 92294 Klaipėda, Lithuania.
| | - Georg Umgiesser
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Castello 2737/f, 30122 Venice, Italy; Marine Research Institute, Klaipėda University, Universiteto Ave. 17, 92294 Klaipėda, Lithuania.
| | - Julius Morkūnas
- Marine Research Institute, Klaipėda University, Universiteto Ave. 17, 92294 Klaipėda, Lithuania.
| | - Francesca De Santi
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Marco Bartoli
- Marine Research Institute, Klaipėda University, Universiteto Ave. 17, 92294 Klaipėda, Lithuania; Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, Parma University, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Changes in salinity and temperature drive marine bacterial communities’ structure at Potter Cove, Antarctica. Polar Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-019-02590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
3
|
Fernández-Gómez B, Díez B, Polz MF, Arroyo JI, Alfaro FD, Marchandon G, Sanhueza C, Farías L, Trefault N, Marquet PA, Molina-Montenegro MA, Sylvander P, Snoeijs-Leijonmalm P. Bacterial community structure in a sympagic habitat expanding with global warming: brackish ice brine at 85-90 °N. THE ISME JOURNAL 2019; 13:316-333. [PMID: 30228379 PMCID: PMC6331608 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Larger volumes of sea ice have been thawing in the Central Arctic Ocean (CAO) during the last decades than during the past 800,000 years. Brackish brine (fed by meltwater inside the ice) is an expanding sympagic habitat in summer all over the CAO. We report for the first time the structure of bacterial communities in this brine. They are composed of psychrophilic extremophiles, many of them related to phylotypes known from Arctic and Antarctic regions. Community structure displayed strong habitat segregation between brackish ice brine (IB; salinity 2.4-9.6) and immediate sub-ice seawater (SW; salinity 33.3-34.9), expressed at all taxonomic levels (class to genus), by dominant phylotypes as well as by the rare biosphere, and with specialists dominating IB and generalists SW. The dominant phylotypes in IB were related to Candidatus Aquiluna and Flavobacterium, those in SW to Balneatrix and ZD0405, and those shared between the habitats to Halomonas, Polaribacter and Shewanella. A meta-analysis for the oligotrophic CAO showed a pattern with Flavobacteriia dominating in melt ponds, Flavobacteriia and Gammaproteobacteria in solid ice cores, Flavobacteriia, Gamma- and Betaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria in brine, and Alphaproteobacteria in SW. Based on our results, we expect that the roles of Actinobacteria and Betaproteobacteria in the CAO will increase with global warming owing to the increased production of meltwater in summer. IB contained three times more phylotypes than SW and may act as an insurance reservoir for bacterial diversity that can act as a recruitment base when environmental conditions change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fernández-Gómez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Pontifical University Catholic of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- INTA-Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Beatriz Díez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Pontifical University Catholic of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Martin F Polz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - José Ignacio Arroyo
- Department of Ecology, Pontifical University Catholic of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando D Alfaro
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Germán Marchandon
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Pontifical University Catholic of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cynthia Sanhueza
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Pontifical University Catholic of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Laura Farías
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research, Concepción, Chile
- Department of Oceanography, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Nicole Trefault
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A Marquet
- Department of Ecology, Pontifical University Catholic of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco A Molina-Montenegro
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Peter Sylvander
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Núñez-Pons L, Avila C, Romano G, Verde C, Giordano D. UV-Protective Compounds in Marine Organisms from the Southern Ocean. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E336. [PMID: 30223486 PMCID: PMC6165330 DOI: 10.3390/md16090336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar radiation represents a key abiotic factor in the evolution of life in the oceans. In general, marine, biota-particularly in euphotic and dysphotic zones-depends directly or indirectly on light, but ultraviolet radiation (UV-R) can damage vital molecular machineries. UV-R induces the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impairs intracellular structures and enzymatic reactions. It can also affect organismal physiologies and eventually alter trophic chains at the ecosystem level. In Antarctica, physical drivers, such as sunlight, sea-ice, seasonality and low temperature are particularly influencing as compared to other regions. The springtime ozone depletion over the Southern Ocean makes organisms be more vulnerable to UV-R. Nonetheless, Antarctic species seem to possess analogous UV photoprotection and repair mechanisms as those found in organisms from other latitudes. The lack of data on species-specific responses towards increased UV-B still limits the understanding about the ecological impact and the tolerance levels related to ozone depletion in this region. The photobiology of Antarctic biota is largely unknown, in spite of representing a highly promising reservoir in the discovery of novel cosmeceutical products. This review compiles the most relevant information on photoprotection and UV-repair processes described in organisms from the Southern Ocean, in the context of this unique marine polar environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Núñez-Pons
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), 80121 Villa Comunale, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Conxita Avila
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, and Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Giovanna Romano
- Department of Marine Biotechnology (Biotech), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), 80121 Villa Comunale, Napoli, Italia.
| | - Cinzia Verde
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), 80121 Villa Comunale, Napoli, Italy.
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Daniela Giordano
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), 80121 Villa Comunale, Napoli, Italy.
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abele D, Vazquez S, Buma AGJ, Hernandez E, Quiroga C, Held C, Frickenhaus S, Harms L, Lopez JL, Helmke E, Mac Cormack WP. Pelagic and benthic communities of the Antarctic ecosystem of Potter Cove: Genomics and ecological implications. Mar Genomics 2017; 33:1-11. [PMID: 28479280 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Molecular technologies are more frequently applied in Antarctic ecosystem research and the growing amount of sequence-based information available in databases adds a new dimension to understanding the response of Antarctic organisms and communities to environmental change. We apply molecular techniques, including fingerprinting, and amplicon and metagenome sequencing, to understand biodiversity and phylogeography to resolve adaptive processes in an Antarctic coastal ecosystem from microbial to macrobenthic organisms and communities. Interpretation of the molecular data is not only achieved by their combination with classical methods (pigment analyses or microscopy), but furthermore by combining molecular with environmental data (e.g., sediment characteristics, biogeochemistry or oceanography) in space and over time. The studies form part of a long-term ecosystem investigation in Potter Cove on King-George Island, Antarctica, in which we follow the effects of rapid retreat of the local glacier on the cove ecosystem. We formulate and encourage new approaches to integrate molecular tools into Antarctic ecosystem research, environmental conservation actions, and polar ocean observatories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Abele
- Dept. Biosciences, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27470 Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - S Vazquez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Junín 954, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A G J Buma
- Dept. Ocean Ecosystems, Energy and Sustainability Research Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E Hernandez
- Instituto Antártico Argentino (IAA), 25 de Mayo 1143, 1650 San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Quiroga
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Medicina y Parasitologia Medica (IMPaM), Paraguay 2155 P.12, 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Held
- Dept. Biosciences, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27470 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - S Frickenhaus
- Dept. Biosciences, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27470 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - L Harms
- Dept. Biosciences, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27470 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - J L Lopez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Catedra de Virologia, Junín 954, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Helmke
- Dept. Biosciences, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27470 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - W P Mac Cormack
- Instituto Antártico Argentino (IAA), 25 de Mayo 1143, 1650 San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fernández-Méndez M, Turk-Kubo KA, Buttigieg PL, Rapp JZ, Krumpen T, Zehr JP, Boetius A. Diazotroph Diversity in the Sea Ice, Melt Ponds, and Surface Waters of the Eurasian Basin of the Central Arctic Ocean. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1884. [PMID: 27933047 PMCID: PMC5120112 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eurasian basin of the Central Arctic Ocean is nitrogen limited, but little is known about the presence and role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Recent studies have indicated the occurrence of diazotrophs in Arctic coastal waters potentially of riverine origin. Here, we investigated the presence of diazotrophs in ice and surface waters of the Central Arctic Ocean in the summer of 2012. We identified diverse communities of putative diazotrophs through targeted analysis of the nifH gene, which encodes the iron protein of the nitrogenase enzyme. We amplified 529 nifH sequences from 26 samples of Arctic melt ponds, sea ice and surface waters. These sequences resolved into 43 clusters at 92% amino acid sequence identity, most of which were non-cyanobacterial phylotypes from sea ice and water samples. One cyanobacterial phylotype related to Nodularia sp. was retrieved from sea ice, suggesting that this important functional group is rare in the Central Arctic Ocean. The diazotrophic community in sea-ice environments appear distinct from other cold-adapted diazotrophic communities, such as those present in the coastal Canadian Arctic, the Arctic tundra and glacial Antarctic lakes. Molecular fingerprinting of nifH and the intergenic spacer region of the rRNA operon revealed differences between the communities from river-influenced Laptev Sea waters and those from ice-related environments pointing toward a marine origin for sea-ice diazotrophs. Our results provide the first record of diazotrophs in the Central Arctic and suggest that microbial nitrogen fixation may occur north of 77°N. To assess the significance of nitrogen fixation for the nitrogen budget of the Arctic Ocean and to identify the active nitrogen fixers, further biogeochemical and molecular biological studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mar Fernández-Méndez
- HGF-MPG Group for Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhaven, Germany; HGF-MPG Group for Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine MicrobiologyBremen, Germany
| | - Kendra A Turk-Kubo
- Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz CA, USA
| | - Pier L Buttigieg
- HGF-MPG Group for Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Josephine Z Rapp
- HGF-MPG Group for Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhaven, Germany; HGF-MPG Group for Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine MicrobiologyBremen, Germany
| | - Thomas Krumpen
- Sea Ice Physics Section, Climate Sciences Department, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Jonathan P Zehr
- Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz CA, USA
| | - Antje Boetius
- HGF-MPG Group for Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhaven, Germany; HGF-MPG Group for Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine MicrobiologyBremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Recent advances and future perspectives in microbial phototrophy in antarctic sea ice. BIOLOGY 2012; 1:542-56. [PMID: 24832507 PMCID: PMC4009807 DOI: 10.3390/biology1030542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria that utilize sunlight to supplement metabolic activity are now being described in a range of ecosystems. While it is likely that phototrophy provides an important competitive advantage, the contribution that these microorganisms make to the bioenergetics of polar marine ecosystems is unknown. In this minireview, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of phototrophic bacteria and highlight the need for future research.
Collapse
|