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Yao H, Zhang M, Wang D. The next decade of SET: from an oncoprotein to beyond. J Mol Cell Biol 2024; 16:mjad082. [PMID: 38157418 PMCID: PMC11267991 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This year marks the fourth decade of research into the protein SET, which was discovered in 1992. SET was initially identified as an oncoprotein but later shown to be a multifaceted protein involved in regulating numerous biological processes under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. SET dysfunction is closely associated with diseases, such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease. With the increasing understanding of how SET works and how it is regulated in cells, targeting aberrant SET has emerged as a potential strategy for disease intervention. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the advancements in SET studies, encompassing its biological functions, regulatory networks, clinical implications, and pharmacological inhibitors. Furthermore, we provide insights into the future prospects of SET research, with a particular emphasis on its promising potential in the realm of immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases & Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases & Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Donglai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases & Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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Prunier C, Chavrier P, Boissan M. Mechanisms of action of NME metastasis suppressors - a family affair. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:1155-1167. [PMID: 37353690 PMCID: PMC10713741 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic progression is regulated by metastasis promoter and suppressor genes. NME1, the prototypic and first described metastasis suppressor gene, encodes a nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) involved in nucleotide metabolism; two related family members, NME2 and NME4, are also reported as metastasis suppressors. These proteins physically interact with members of the GTPase dynamin family, which have key functions in membrane fission and fusion reactions necessary for endocytosis and mitochondrial dynamics. Evidence supports a model in which NDPKs provide GTP to dynamins to maintain a high local GTP concentration for optimal dynamin function. NME1 and NME2 are cytosolic enzymes that provide GTP to dynamins at the plasma membrane, which drive endocytosis, suggesting that these NMEs are necessary to attenuate signaling by receptors on the cell surface. Disruption of NDPK activity in NME-deficient tumors may thus drive metastasis by prolonging signaling. NME4 is a mitochondrial enzyme that interacts with the dynamin OPA1 at the mitochondria inner membrane to drive inner membrane fusion and maintain a fused mitochondrial network. This function is consistent with the current view that mitochondrial fusion inhibits the metastatic potential of tumor cells whereas mitochondrial fission promotes metastasis progression. The roles of NME family members in dynamin-mediated endocytosis and mitochondrial dynamics and the intimate link between these processes and metastasis provide a new framework to understand the metastasis suppressor functions of NME proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Prunier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Chavrier
- Actin and Membrane Dynamics Laboratory, Institut Curie - Research Center, CNRS UMR144, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Boissan
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France.
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Endocrinienne Et Oncologique, Oncobiologie Cellulaire Et Moléculaire, APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France.
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Khan I, Gril B, Hoshino A, Yang HH, Lee MP, Difilippantonio S, Lyden DC, Steeg PS. Metastasis suppressor NME1 in exosomes or liposomes conveys motility and migration inhibition in breast cancer model systems. Clin Exp Metastasis 2022; 39:815-831. [PMID: 35939247 PMCID: PMC10642714 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-022-10182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes have documented roles in accelerating the initiation and outgrowth of metastases, as well as in therapy resistance. Little information supports the converse, that exosomes or similar vesicles can suppress metastasis. We investigated the NME1 (Nm23-H1) metastasis suppressor as a candidate for metastasis suppression by extracellular vesicles. Exosomes derived from two cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231T and MDA-MB-435), when transfected with the NME1 (Nm23-H1) metastasis suppressor, secreted exosomes with NME1 as the predominant constituent. These exosomes entered recipient tumor cells, altered their endocytic patterns in agreement with NME1 function, and suppressed in vitro tumor cell motility and migration compared to exosomes from control transfectants. Proteomic analysis of exosomes revealed multiple differentially expressed proteins that could exert biological functions. Therefore, we also prepared and investigated liposomes, empty or containing partially purified rNME1. rNME1 containing liposomes recapitulated the effects of exosomes from NME1 transfectants in vitro. In an experimental lung metastasis assay the median lung metastases per histologic section was 158 using control liposomes and 15 in the rNME1 liposome group, 90.5% lower than the control liposome group (P = 0.016). The data expand the exosome/liposome field to include metastasis suppressive functions and describe a new translational approach to prevent metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 37, Convent Drive, Room 1126, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Brunilde Gril
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 37, Convent Drive, Room 1126, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ayuko Hoshino
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Howard H Yang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Maxwell P Lee
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Simone Difilippantonio
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - David C Lyden
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patricia S Steeg
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 37, Convent Drive, Room 1126, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Martínez-Puente DH, Pérez-Trujillo JJ, Zavala-Flores LM, García-García A, Villanueva-Olivo A, Rodríguez-Rocha H, Valdés J, Saucedo-Cárdenas O, Montes de Oca-Luna R, Loera-Arias MDJ. Plasmid DNA for Therapeutic Applications in Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091861. [PMID: 36145609 PMCID: PMC9503848 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the interest in using nucleic acids for therapeutic applications has been increasing. DNA molecules can be manipulated to express a gene of interest for gene therapy applications or vaccine development. Plasmid DNA can be developed to treat different diseases, such as infections and cancer. In most cancers, the immune system is limited or suppressed, allowing cancer cells to grow. DNA vaccination has demonstrated its capacity to stimulate the immune system to fight against cancer cells. Furthermore, plasmids for cancer gene therapy can direct the expression of proteins with different functions, such as enzymes, toxins, and cytotoxic or proapoptotic proteins, to directly kill cancer cells. The progress and promising results reported in animal models in recent years have led to interesting clinical results. These DNA strategies are expected to be approved for cancer treatment in the near future. This review discusses the main strategies, challenges, and future perspectives of using plasmid DNA for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Juan Pérez-Trujillo
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Laura Mireya Zavala-Flores
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Northeast Biomedical Research Center (CIBIN) of IMSS, Nuevo Leon Delegation, Monterrey 64720, Mexico
| | - Aracely García-García
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Arnulfo Villanueva-Olivo
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Humberto Rodríguez-Rocha
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Jesús Valdés
- Departamento de Bioquímica, CINVESTAV-México, Av. IPN 2508, Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Odila Saucedo-Cárdenas
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Roberto Montes de Oca-Luna
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico
- Correspondence: (R.M.d.O.-L.); (M.d.J.L.-A.); Tel.: +52-81-8329-4195 (R.M.d.O.-L. & M.d.J.L.-A.)
| | - María de Jesús Loera-Arias
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico
- Correspondence: (R.M.d.O.-L.); (M.d.J.L.-A.); Tel.: +52-81-8329-4195 (R.M.d.O.-L. & M.d.J.L.-A.)
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Tracy Cai X, Li H, Safyan A, Gawlik J, Pyrowolakis G, Jasper H. AWD regulates timed activation of BMP signaling in intestinal stem cells to maintain tissue homeostasis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2988. [PMID: 31278345 PMCID: PMC6611797 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10926-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise control of stem cell (SC) proliferation ensures tissue homeostasis. In the Drosophila intestine, injury-induced regeneration involves initial activation of intestinal SC (ISC) proliferation and subsequent return to quiescence. These two phases of the regenerative response are controlled by differential availability of the BMP type I receptor Thickveins (Tkv), yet how its expression is dynamically regulated remains unclear. Here we show that during homeostasis, the E3 ubiquitin ligase Highwire and the ubiquitin-proteasome system maintain low Tkv protein expression. After ISC activation, Tkv is stabilized by proteasome inhibition and undergoes endocytosis due to the induction of the nucleoside diphosphate kinase Abnormal Wing Disc (AWD). Tkv internalization is required for the activation of the Smad protein Mad, and for the return to quiescence after a regenerative episode. Our data provide insight into the mechanisms ensuring tissue homeostasis by dynamic control of somatic stem cell activity. Regeneration after injury in the Drosophila intestine involves early activation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and subsequent return to quiescence. Here the authors show that return to quiescence by ISCs involves BMP Type I receptor Tkv protein stabilization along with AWD mediated internalization into endocytic vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Tracy Cai
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, 94945-1400, USA
| | - Hongjie Li
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Abu Safyan
- International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMPRS-MCB), Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Gawlik
- Institute for Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - George Pyrowolakis
- Institute for Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centre BIOSS and CIBSS, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heinrich Jasper
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, 94945-1400, USA. .,Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA. .,Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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Liu Z, Xu S, Li L, Zhong X, Chen C, Fan Y, Shen W, Zu L, Xue F, Wang M, Zhou Q. Comparative mitochondrial proteomic analysis of human large cell lung cancer cell lines with different metastasis potential. Thorac Cancer 2019; 10:1111-1128. [PMID: 30950202 PMCID: PMC6501018 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is a highly aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis and is associated with distant metastasis; however, there are no clinically recognized biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prediction of lung cancer metastasis. We sought to identify the differential mitochondrial protein profiles and understand the molecular mechanisms governing lung cancer metastasis. Methods Mitochondrial proteomic analysis was performed to screen and identify the differential mitochondrial protein profiles between human large cell lung cancer cell lines with high (L‐9981) and low (NL‐9980) metastatic potential by two‐dimensional differential gel electrophoresis. Western blot was used to validate the differential mitochondrial proteins from the two cells. Bioinformatic proteome analysis was performed using the Mascot search engine and messenger RNA expression of the 37 genes of the differential mitochondrial proteins were detected by real‐time PCR. Results Two hundred and seventeen mitochondrial proteins were differentially expressed between L‐9981 and NL‐9980 cells (P < 0.05). Sixty‐four analyzed proteins were identified by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry coupled with database interrogation. Ontology analysis revealed that these proteins were mainly involved in the regulation of translation, amino acid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, cancer invasion and metastasis, oxidative phosphorylation, intracellular signaling pathway, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Conclusion Our results suggest that the incorporation of more samples and new datasets will permit the definition of a collection of proteins as potential biomarkers for the prediction and diagnosis of lung cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkun Liu
- Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Song Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Li
- Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhong
- Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaguang Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wang Shen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingling Zu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Xue
- Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Khera L, Paul C, Kaul R. Hepatitis C Virus E1 protein promotes cell migration and invasion by modulating cellular metastasis suppressor Nm23-H1. Virology 2017; 506:110-120. [PMID: 28376369 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent primary liver cancer and its incidence is on the rise largely attributed to Hepatitis C virus (HCV) related liver cancer. A distinct feature of HCV associated HCC is the substantially increased incidence of metastasis compared to non-viral or HBV associated HCC. Nm23-H1 is the first reported human metastasis suppressor down-regulated in many human metastatic cancers. Nm23-H1 functions are modulated in several virus associated cancers. Our study now shows that HCV E1 protein expression as well as HCV infection induces pro-metastatic effect on cancer cells which is simultaneous to Nm23-H1 transcriptional down-regulation and Nm23-H1 protein degradation. Moreover, Nm23-H1 intracellular localization is significantly altered in cells expressing HCV E1 protein. Importantly, overexpression of Nm23-H1 can rescue the cancer cells from pro-metastatic effects of HCV E1 and HCV infection. Our limited study provides evidence for role for Nm23-H1 in HCV mediated cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lohit Khera
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Catherine Paul
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Kaul
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, India.
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Tan J, Chen B, He L, Yin G, Jiang Z, Yao K, Jiang X. Renal access through the inferior calyx is associated with higher risk of severe bleeding after percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Arch Med Sci 2015; 11:340-5. [PMID: 25995750 PMCID: PMC4424251 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2015.50966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hemorrhage is a major complication after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). In the current study, we analyzed the risk factors for severe bleeding after PCNL. MATERIAL AND METHODS Medical records of 982 consecutive patients undergoing PCNL at the Department of Urology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, were reviewed. The type of stone included: solitary (n = 471), multiple (n = 192) and staghorn (n = 319). 139 patients had renal stones of solitary kidney or functional solitary kidney. The puncture site was the inferior calyx in 246 cases, the middle calyx in 651 cases, and the upper calyx in the remaining 85 cases. RESULTS The success rate (complete removal of the stone) was 92.8%, 73.4%, and 80.9% for solitary, multiple and staghorn stones, respectively. Severe bleeding occurred in 3.25% (8/246) of the cases with inferior calyx access, and 0.3% (2/651) in cases with middle calyx access. No severe bleeding occurred in patients with upper calyx access. The bleeding was controlled successfully with focal embolization under angiography in all 10 cases. CONCLUSIONS Severe postoperative bleeding after PCNL is associated with renal puncture via the inferior calyx, multiple renal stones and solitary kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tan
- Department of Urology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Binghai Chen
- Department of Urology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Leye He
- Department of Urology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangming Yin
- Department of Urology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiqiang Jiang
- Department of Urology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Yao
- Department of Urology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianzheng Jiang
- Department of Urology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Progress on Nme (NDP kinase/Nm23/Awd) gene family-related functions derived from animal model systems: studies on development, cardiovascular disease, and cancer metastasis exemplified. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 388:109-17. [PMID: 25585611 PMCID: PMC10153104 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-1079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Li XB, Gu JD, Zhou QH. Review of aerobic glycolysis and its key enzymes - new targets for lung cancer therapy. Thorac Cancer 2015; 6:17-24. [PMID: 26273330 PMCID: PMC4448463 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Most tumor cells show different metabolic pathways than normal cells. Even under the conditions of sufficient oxygen, they produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactic acid fermentation in the cytosol, which is known as aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect. Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with one of the highest incidence and mortality rates in the world at present. However, the exact mechanisms underlying lung cancer development remain unclear. The three key enzymes of glycolysis are hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase. Lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes the transfer of pyruvate to lactate. All four enzymes have been reported to be overexpressed in tumors, including lung cancer, and can be regulated by many oncoproteins to promote tumor proliferation, migration, and metastasis with dependence or independence of glycolysis. The discovery of aerobic glycolysis in the 1920s has provided new means and potential therapeutic targets for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Bing Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Environment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin, China
| | - Jun-Dong Gu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Environment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin, China
| | - Qing-Hua Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Environment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin, China ; Sichuan Lung Cancer Institute, Sichuan Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
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Xu B, Peng M, Song Q. The co-expression of telomerase and ALT pathway in human breast cancer tissues. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:4087-93. [PMID: 24375252 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1534-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, telomerase-targeted therapy was studied intensively; however, many studies have verified the existence of alternative lengthening mechanisms of telomeres in vitro. In the present work, we explored the expression characteristic of the two kinds of telomere-prolonging mechanisms in the breast cancer tissues per se. Furthermore, we studied the relationship between Her-2 expression and ALT pathway. Ninety samples of breast cancer tissues were examined in this research. RT-PCR was used for the detection of the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT); IHC was used for the detection of the expression of promyelocytic leukemia body (PML) bodies; the co-expression of PML bodies and hTERT was detected using the QDs-based immunofluorescence. The co-expression of PML body and hTERT was found in the same cell in breast cancer tissues, and ten samples expressed neither PML bodies nor hTERT. Additionally, the expression of PML bodies and Her-2 was statistically co-related (P = 0.047). The two kinds of mechanisms of telomere extension can co-exist in the same cell in beast cancer tissues, and there may be other mechanisms of telomere extension functioning in human breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
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Gong L, Wu Z, Guo L, Li L, Zhao R, Zhu D, Zhou Q. Metastasis suppressor Nm23-H1 inhibits STAT3 signaling via a negative feedback mechanism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 434:541-6. [PMID: 23583378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.03.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Persistent STAT3 activation is a critical event in tumorigenesis and metastatic progression. Recent studies have found higher levels of STAT3 in metastatic tissues than in primary tumor tissues. We speculated that such increased STAT3 activity might be attributed to a loss of function or reduction in expression of metastasis inhibitory protein during cancer progression, and we therefore examined the role of tumor metastasis-suppressor nm23-H1 in the activation of STAT3 in the A549 lung cancer cell line. We found that IL-6-dependent induction of tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of STAT3 were influenced by nm23-H1 inhibition. IL-6-induced STAT3(Tyr705) phosphorylation was significantly enhanced in A549 cells transfected with siRNA specific for nm23-H1, and the effect of nm23-H1 depletion on IL-6-induced STAT3(Tyr705) phosphorylation was reversed by ectopic expression of shRNA-resistant nm23-H1 protein. Moreover, STAT3 directly bound to the STAT3 binding site on the nm23-H1 promoter and activated its expression. Thus, we have identified a new feedback mechanism that might provide insight into an in-built metastasis-suppression function in tumor cells and which could be a logical new target for treatment of early metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
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