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Wu C, Jiang J, Ci C. The correlation between the MYBL2/CDCA8 signaling pathway of malignant melanoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32485. [PMID: 38961953 PMCID: PMC11219495 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Investigating the effects of MYB proto-oncogene like 2 (MYBL2)-mediated regulation of Cell division cycle associated 8 (CDCA8) expression on the biological activity of cutaneous malignant melanoma cells. Methods A375 cells with MYBL2 and CDCA8 overexpression and knockdown were evaluated using migration, invasion, and proliferation assays. Besides, cell apoptosis was quantified by flow cytometry. To investigate the tumorigenic effects of MYBL2 knockdown in vivo, A375 cells with MYBL2 knockdown were injected in BALB/C nude mice. Results The levels of MYBL2 and CDCA8 gene expression were notably elevated in A375 cells in comparison to HaCat cells (P < 0.05). Downregulation of MYBL2 led to a notable reduction in the migratory and invasive capability of A375 cells in vitro (P < 0.001). On the contrary, overexpression of MYBL2 enhanced migration and invasion ability (P < 0.001). There existed a positive correlation between CDCA8 and MYBL2 gene and protein expression levels after overexpression or knockdown of MYBL2 (P < 0.001). In the in vivo tumorigenic study, the MYBL2 knockdown group displayed a substantial decrease in tumor volume (P < 0.01) and exhibited decreased CDCA8 expression in tumors in comparison to the control group. Conclusion We arrived at such a conclusion that MYBL2 promoted the migration, invasion and proliferation ability of cutaneous malignant melanoma cells by targeted regulation of CDCA8 expression in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No. 2 Zheshan West Road, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, China
| | - Jiahui Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No. 2 Zheshan West Road, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, China
| | - Chao Ci
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No. 2 Zheshan West Road, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, China
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2
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Liu X, Wei Q, Yang C, Zhao H, Xu J, Mobet Y, Luo Q, Yang D, Zuo X, Chen N, Yang Y, Li L, Wang W, Yu J, Xu J, Liu T, Yi P. RNA m 5C modification upregulates E2F1 expression in a manner dependent on YBX1 phase separation and promotes tumor progression in ovarian cancer. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:600-615. [PMID: 38424195 PMCID: PMC10984993 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
5-Methylcytosine (m5C) is a common RNA modification that modulates gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, but the crosstalk between m5C RNA modification and biomolecule condensation, as well as transcription factor-mediated transcriptional regulation, in ovarian cancer, is poorly understood. In this study, we revealed that the RNA methyltransferase NSUN2 facilitates mRNA m5C modification and forms a positive feedback regulatory loop with the transcription factor E2F1 in ovarian cancer. Specifically, NSUN2 promotes m5C modification of E2F1 mRNA and increases its stability, and E2F1 binds to the NSUN2 promoter, subsequently reciprocally activating NSUN2 transcription. The RNA binding protein YBX1 functions as the m5C reader and is involved in NSUN2-mediated E2F1 regulation. m5C modification promotes YBX1 phase separation, which upregulates E2F1 expression. In ovarian cancer, NSUN2 and YBX1 are amplified and upregulated, and higher expression of NSUN2 and YBX1 predicts a worse prognosis for ovarian cancer patients. Moreover, E2F1 transcriptionally regulates the expression of the oncogenes MYBL2 and RAD54L, driving ovarian cancer progression. Thus, our study delineates a NSUN2-E2F1-NSUN2 loop regulated by m5C modification in a manner dependent on YBX1 phase separation, and this previously unidentified pathway could be a promising target for ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Qinglv Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Chenyue Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Youchaou Mobet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Qingya Luo
- Department of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Xinzhao Zuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Ningxuan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China.
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China.
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Aljabban J, Rohr M, Syed S, Cohen E, Hashi N, Syed S, Khorfan K, Aljabban H, Borkowski V, Segal M, Mukhtar M, Mohammed M, Boateng E, Nemer M, Panahiazar M, Hadley D, Jalil S, Mumtaz K. Dissecting novel mechanisms of hepatitis B virus related hepatocellular carcinoma using meta-analysis of public data. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:1856-1873. [PMID: 36187396 PMCID: PMC9516659 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i9.1856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Interestingly, this process is not necessarily mediated through cirrhosis and may in fact involve oncogenic processes. Prior studies have suggested specific oncogenic gene expression pathways were affected by viral regulatory proteins. Thus, identifying these genes and associated pathways could highlight predictive factors for HCC transformation and has implications in early diagnosis and treatment.
AIM To elucidate HBV oncogenesis in HCC and identify potential therapeutic targets.
METHODS We employed our Search, Tag, Analyze, Resource platform to conduct a meta-analysis of public data from National Center for Biotechnology Information’s Gene Expression Omnibus. We performed meta-analysis consisting of 155 tumor samples compared against 185 adjacent non-tumor samples and analyzed results with ingenuity pathway analysis.
RESULTS Our analysis revealed liver X receptors/retinoid X receptor (RXR) activation and farnesoid X receptor/RXR activation as top canonical pathways amongst others. Top upstream regulators identified included the Ras family gene rab-like protein 6 (RABL6). The role of RABL6 in oncogenesis is beginning to unfold but its specific role in HBV-related HCC remains undefined. Our causal analysis suggests RABL6 mediates pathogenesis of HBV-related HCC through promotion of genes related to cell division, epigenetic regulation, and Akt signaling. We conducted survival analysis that demonstrated increased mortality with higher RABL6 expression. Additionally, homeobox A10 (HOXA10) was a top upstream regulator and was strongly upregulated in our analysis. HOXA10 has recently been demonstrated to contribute to HCC pathogenesis in vitro. Our causal analysis suggests an in vivo role through downregulation of tumor suppressors and other mechanisms.
CONCLUSION This meta-analysis describes possible roles of RABL6 and HOXA10 in the pathogenesis of HBV-related HCC. RABL6 and HOXA10 represent potential therapeutic targets and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihad Aljabban
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Michael Rohr
- Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32827, United States
| | - Saad Syed
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Eli Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Naima Hashi
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Sharjeel Syed
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Kamal Khorfan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California San Francisco-Fresno, Fresno, CA 93701, United States
| | - Hisham Aljabban
- Department of Medicine, Barry University, Miami, FL 33161, United States
| | - Vincent Borkowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Michael Segal
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Mohamed Mukhtar
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Lansing, MI 49503, United States
| | - Mohammed Mohammed
- Department of Medicine, Windsor University School of Medicine, Frankfort, IL 60423, United States
| | - Emmanuel Boateng
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Mary Nemer
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Maryam Panahiazar
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Dexter Hadley
- Department of Pathology, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32827, United States
| | - Sajid Jalil
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Khalid Mumtaz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
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Screening Hub Genes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Public Databases. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:7029130. [PMID: 34737790 PMCID: PMC8563136 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7029130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumor recurrence and metastasis often occur in HCC patients after surgery, and the prognosis is not optimistic. Hence, searching effective biomarkers for prognosis of is of great importance. Firstly, HCC-related data was acquired from the TCGA and GEO databases. Based on GEO data, 256 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained firstly. Subsequently, to clarify function of DEGs, clusterProfiler package was used to conduct functional enrichment analyses on DEGs. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis screened 20 key genes. The key genes were filtered via GEPIA database, by which 11 hub genes (F9, CYP3A4, ASPM, AURKA, CDC20, CDCA5, NCAP, PRC1, PTTG1, TOP2A, and KIFC1) were screened out. Then, univariate Cox analysis was applied to construct a prognostic model, followed by a prediction performance validation. With the risk score calculated by the model and common clinical features, univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to assess whether the prognostic model could be used independently for prognostic prediction. In conclusion, the current study screened HCC prognostic gene signature based on public databases.
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Chang YS, Lee YT, Yen JC, Chang YC, Lin LL, Chan WL, Chang WC, Lin SY, Chang JG. Long Noncoding RNA NTT Context-Dependently Regulates MYB by Interacting With Activated Complex in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:592045. [PMID: 34616668 PMCID: PMC8488295 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.592045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) mediates the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular, infectious, and metabolic diseases. This study examined the role of lncRNA NTT in the development and progression of cancer. Methods The expression of NTT was determined using tissues containing complementary DNA (cDNA) from patients with liver, lung, kidney, oral, and colon cancers. The expression of cis-acting genes adjacent to the NTT locus (CTGF, STX7, MYB, BCLAF1, IFNGR1, TNFAIP3, and HIVEP2) was also assessed. We used knockdown and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays to identify the cis-acting genes that interact with NTT. Results NTT was most significantly downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while a higher NTT level correlated with a shorter survival time of patients with HCC. Multivariate analysis indicated NTT was not an independent predictor for overall survival. MYB was significantly upregulated, and its increased expression was associated with dismal survival in HCC patients, similar to the results for NTT. NTT knockdown significantly decreased cellular migration. ChIP of HCC cell lines revealed that NTT is regulated by the transcription factor ATF3 and binds to the MYB promoter via the activated complex. Additionally, when NTT was knocked down, the expression of MYB target genes such as Bcl-xL, cyclinD1, and VEGF was also downregulated. NTT could play a positive or negative regulator for MYB with a context-dependent manner in both HCC tissues and animal model. Conclusion Our study suggests that NTT plays a key role in HCC progression via MYB-regulated target genes and may serve as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Sian Chang
- Epigenome Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center for Precision Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Lee
- Epigenome Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Chen Yen
- Epigenome Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuli C Chang
- Epigenome Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Li Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Chan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chiao Chang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyr-Yi Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Gowth Chang
- Epigenome Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center for Precision Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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6
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Dai Z, Liu P. High copy number variations, particular transcription factors, and low immunity contribute to the stemness of prostate cancer cells. J Transl Med 2021; 19:206. [PMID: 33985534 PMCID: PMC8117623 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02870-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor metastasis is the main cause of death of cancer patients, and cancer stem cells (CSCs) is the basis of tumor metastasis. However, systematic analysis of the stemness of prostate cancer cells is still not abundant. In this study, we explore the effective factors related to the stemness of prostate cancer cells by comprehensively mining the multi-omics data from TCGA database. Methods Based on the prostate cancer transcriptome data in TCGA, gene expression modules that strongly relate to the stemness of prostate cancer cells are obtained with WGCNA and stemness scores. Copy number variation of stemness genes of prostate cancer is calculated and the difference of transcription factors between prostate cancer and normal tissues is evaluated by using CNV (copy number variation) data and ATAC-seq data. The protein interaction network of stemness genes in prostate cancer is constructed using the STRING database. Meanwhile, the correlation between stemness genes of prostate cancer and immune cells is analyzed. Results Prostate cancer with higher Gleason grade possesses higher cell stemness. The gene set highly related to prostate cancer stemness has higher CNV in prostate cancer samples than that in normal samples. Although the transcription factors of stemness genes have similar expressions, they have different contributions between normal and prostate cancer tissues; and particular transcription factors enhance the stemness of prostate cancer, such as PUM1, CLOCK, SP1, TCF12, and so on. In addition, the lower tumor immune microenvironment is conducive to the stemness of prostate cancer. CD8 + T cells and M1 macrophages may play more important role in the stemness of prostate cancer than other immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, EZH2 is found to play a central role in stemness genes and is negatively correlated with resting mast cells and positively correlated with activated memory CD4 + T cells. Conclusions Based on the systematic and combined analysis of multi-omics data, we find that high copy number variation, specific transcription factors, and low immune microenvironment jointly contribute to the stemness of prostate cancer cells. These findings may provide us new clues and directions for the future research on stemness of prostate cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-02870-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zao Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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7
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Siddiqui ZI, Azam SA, Khan WH, Afroz M, Farooqui SR, Amir F, Azmi MI, Anwer A, Khan S, Mehmankhah M, Parveen S, Kazim SN. An in vitro Study on the Role of Hepatitis B Virus X Protein C-Terminal Truncation in Liver Disease Development. Front Genet 2021; 12:633341. [PMID: 33777103 PMCID: PMC7994528 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.633341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus X protein C-terminal 127 amino acid truncation is often found expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue samples. The present in vitro study tried to determine the role of this truncation mutant in the hepatitis B-related liver diseases such as fibrosis, cirrhosis, HCC, and metastasis. HBx gene and its 127 amino acid truncation mutant were cloned in mammalian expression vectors and transfected in human hepatoma cell line. Changes in cell growth/proliferation, cell cycle phase distribution, expression of cell cycle regulatory genes, mitochondrial depolarization, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level were analyzed. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged version of HBx and the truncation mutant were also created and the effects of truncation on HBx intracellular expression pattern and localization were studied. Effect of time lapse on protein expression pattern was also analyzed. The truncation mutant of HBx is more efficient in inducing cell proliferation, and causes more ROS production and less mitochondrial depolarization as compared with wild type (wt) HBx. In addition, gene expression is altered in favor of carcinogenesis in the presence of the truncation mutant. Furthermore, mitochondrial perinuclear aggregation is achieved earlier in the presence of the truncation mutant. Therefore, HBx C-terminal 127 amino acid truncation might be playing important roles in the development of hepatitis B-related liver diseases by inducing cell proliferation, altering gene expression, altering mitochondrial potential, inducing mitochondrial clustering and oxidative stress, and changing HBx expression pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaheenul Islam Siddiqui
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Ali Azam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Wajihul Hasan Khan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Masarrat Afroz
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Sabihur Rahman Farooqui
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Fatima Amir
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Iqbal Azmi
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Ayesha Anwer
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Saniya Khan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahboubeh Mehmankhah
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Shama Parveen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Naqui Kazim
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Association between B- Myb proto-oncogene and the development of malignant tumors. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:166. [PMID: 33552284 PMCID: PMC7798104 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
B-Myb is a critical transcription factor in regulating cell cycle. Dysregulated expression of B-Myb promotes tumor formation and development. B-Myb is a proto-oncogene ubiquitously expressed in proliferating cells, which maintains normal cell cycle progression. It participates in cell apoptosis, tumorigenesis and aging. In addition, B-Myb is overexpressed in several malignant tumors, including breast cancer, lung cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, and is associated with tumor development. B-Myb expression is also associated with the prognosis of patients with malignant tumors. Both microRNAs and E2F family of transcription factors (E2Fs) contribute to the function of B-Myb. The present review highlights the association between B-Myb and malignant tumors, and offers a theoretical reference for the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors.
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Yao Z, Jia C, Tai Y, Liang H, Zhong Z, Xiong Z, Deng M, Zhang Q. Serum exosomal long noncoding RNAs lnc-FAM72D-3 and lnc-EPC1-4 as diagnostic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:11843-11863. [PMID: 32554864 PMCID: PMC7343450 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), such as LINC00462, HOTAIR, and MALAT1, are significantly upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues. However, lncRNA expression in the serum of HCC patients is still unclear. To identify candidate lncRNAs for HCC diagnosis, we purified exosomal total RNA from the serum of healthy volunteers (controls) and hepatitis, cirrhosis, and HCC patients. To assess the function of lncRNAs, small interfering RNAs and overexpression vectors were designed and cell viability and cell apoptosis assays conducted. The exosomes of the control group had a larger number of lncRNAs with a high amount of alternative splicing compared to hepatic disease patients. qPCR assays showed that lnc-FAM72D-3, lnc-GPR89B-15, lncZEB2-19, and lnc-EPC1-4 are differentially expressed in HCC. Furthermore, the expression level of lnc-EPC1-4 correlated with age. While the expression levels of lnc-GPR89B-15 and lnc-EPC1-4 correlated with serum alpha-fetoprotein level. lnc-FAM72D-3 knockdown decreased cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis, indicating that lnc-FAM72D-3 functions as an oncogene in HCC. In contrast, lnc-EPC1-4 overexpression inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis, indicating that it functions as a tumor suppressor gene. Collectively, these findings show that lnc-FAM72D-3 and lnc-EPC1-4 play a novel role that might contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis and identify potential candidate biomarkers for HCC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Changchang Jia
- Department of Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yan Tai
- Department of Liver Disease Lab, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zhaozhong Zhong
- Department of Hepatobilliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zhiyong Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Meihai Deng
- Department of Hepatobilliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
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10
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Keratin 19 regulates cell cycle pathway and sensitivity of breast cancer cells to CDK inhibitors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14650. [PMID: 31601969 PMCID: PMC6787034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratin 19 (K19) belongs to the keratin family of proteins, which maintains structural integrity of epithelia. In cancer, K19 is highly expressed in several types where it serves as a diagnostic marker. Despite the positive correlation between higher expression of K19 in tumor and worse patient survival, the role of K19 in breast cancer remains unclear. Therefore, we ablated K19 expression in MCF7 breast cancer cells and found that K19 was required for cell proliferation. Transcriptome analyses of KRT19 knockout cells identified defects in cell cycle progression and levels of target genes of E2F1, a key transcriptional factor for the transition into S phase. Furthermore, proper levels of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclins, including D-type cyclins critical for E2F1 activation, were dependent on K19 expression, and K19-cyclin D co-expression was observed in human breast cancer tissues. Importantly, K19 interacts with cyclin D3, and a loss of K19 resulted in decreased protein stability of cyclin D3 and sensitivity of cells towards CDK inhibitor-induced cell death. Overall, these findings reveal a novel function of K19 in the regulation of cell cycle program and suggest that K19 may be used to predict the efficacy of CDK inhibitors for treatments of breast cancer.
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11
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Huang YL, Ning G, Chen LB, Lian YF, Gu YR, Wang JL, Chen DM, Wei H, Huang YH. Promising diagnostic and prognostic value of E2Fs in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:1725-1740. [PMID: 30863181 PMCID: PMC6388971 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s182001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A growing body of evidence suggests that E2Fs, by regulating gene expression related to cell cycle progression and other cellular processes, play a pivotal role in human cancer. However, the distinct roles of each E2F in the development and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unknown. In the present study, the mRNA expression and prognostic value of different E2Fs in HCC are analyzed. Materials and methods Transcriptional and survival data related to E2F expression in patients with HCC were obtained through ONCOMINE and UALCAN databases. Survival analysis plots were drawn with Kaplan-Meier Plotter. The sequence alteration data for E2Fs were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and c-BioPortal. Gene functional enrichment analyses were performed in Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. Results The mRNA expression levels of E2F1-E2F8 were all significantly upregulated in HCC patients, and high expression of each E2F was obviously related to poor prognosis. Similarly, the expression of E2Fs showed prognostic prediction value in HCC patients with different cancer stages and pathological grades. Moreover, the mutation rate of E2Fs was relatively high in HCC patients, and the DNA sequence alterations primarily occurred in E2F5, E2F3, and E2F6, which were associated with worse overall survival and disease-free survival in HCC patients. Network analysis confirmed that the expression levels of cell cycle-related genes were mostly affected by E2F mutations. Conclusion High expression of individual E2Fs was associated with poor prognosis in all liver cancer patients. E2Fs may be exploited as good prognostic targets for comprehensive management of HCC patients, but this notion should be further evaluated in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Lin Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Gang Ning
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Lu-Biao Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Yi-Fan Lian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Yu-Rong Gu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Jia-Liang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Dong-Mei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Huan Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Yue-Hua Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,
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12
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Intuyod K, Saavedra-García P, Zona S, Lai CF, Jiramongkol Y, Vaeteewoottacharn K, Pairojkul C, Yao S, Yong JS, Trakansuebkul S, Waraasawapati S, Luvira V, Wongkham S, Pinlaor S, Lam EWF. FOXM1 modulates 5-fluorouracil sensitivity in cholangiocarcinoma through thymidylate synthase (TYMS): implications of FOXM1-TYMS axis uncoupling in 5-FU resistance. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1185. [PMID: 30538221 PMCID: PMC6290025 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the first-line chemotherapeutic drug for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), but its efficacy has been compromised by the development of resistance. Development of 5-FU resistance is associated with elevated expression of its cellular target, thymidylate synthase (TYMS). E2F1 transcription factor has previously been shown to modulate the expression of FOXM1 and TYMS. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis revealed a strong correlated upregulation of FOXM1 (78%) and TYMS (48%) expression at the protein levels in CCA tissues. In agreement, RT-qPCR and western blot analyses of four human CCA cell lines at the baseline level and in response to high doses of 5-FU revealed good correlations between FOXM1 and TYMS expression in the CCA cell lines tested, except for the highly 5-FU-resistant HuCCA cells. Consistently, siRNA-mediated knockdown of FOXM1 reduced the clonogenicity and TYMS expression in the relatively sensitive KKU-D131 but not in the highly resistant HuCCA cells. Interestingly, silencing of TYMS sensitized both KKU-D131 and HuCCA to 5-FU treatment, suggesting that resistance to very high levels of 5-FU is due to the inability of the genotoxic sensor FOXM1 to modulate TYMS expression. Consistently, ChIP analysis revealed that FOXM1 binds efficiently to the TYMS promoter and modulates TYMS expression at the promoter level upon 5-FU treatment in KKU-D131 but not in HuCCA cells. In addition, E2F1 expression did not correlate with either FOXM1 or TYMS expression and E2F1 depletion has no effects on the clonogenicity and TYMS expression in the CCA cells. In conclusion, our data show that FOXM1 regulates TYMS expression to modulate 5-FU resistance in CCA and that severe 5-FU resistance can be caused by the uncoupling of the regulation of TYMS by FOXM1. Our findings suggest that the FOXM1–TYMS axis can be a novel diagnostic, predictive and prognostic marker as well as a therapeutic target for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitti Intuyod
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK.,Biomedical Science Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Paula Saavedra-García
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Stefania Zona
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Chun-Fui Lai
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Yannasittha Jiramongkol
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Kulthida Vaeteewoottacharn
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Chawalit Pairojkul
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Shang Yao
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jay-Sze Yong
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sasanan Trakansuebkul
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sakda Waraasawapati
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Vor Luvira
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sopit Wongkham
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Somchai Pinlaor
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. .,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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13
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Fan X, Wang Y, Jiang T, Cai W, Jin Y, Niu Y, Zhu H, Bu Y. B-Myb Mediates Proliferation and Migration of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer via Suppressing IGFBP3. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051479. [PMID: 29772705 PMCID: PMC5983693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
B-Myb has been shown to play an important oncogenic role in several types of human cancers, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We previously found that B-Myb is aberrantly upregulated in NSCLC, and overexpression of B-Myb can significantly promote NSCLC cell growth and motility. In the present study, we have further investigated the therapeutic potential of B-Myb in NSCLC. Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards analysis indicated that high expression of B-Myb is significantly associated with poor prognosis in NSCLC patients. A loss-of-function study demonstrated that depletion of B-Myb resulted in significant inhibition of cell growth and delayed cell cycle progression in NSCLC cells. Notably, B-Myb depletion also decreased NSCLC cell migration and invasion ability as well as colony-forming ability. Moreover, an in vivo study demonstrated that B-Myb depletion caused significant inhibition of tumor growth in a NSCLC xenograft nude mouse model. A molecular mechanistic study by RNA-seq analysis revealed that B-Myb depletion led to deregulation of various downstream genes, including insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3). Overexpression of IGFBP3 suppressed the B-Myb-induced proliferation and migration, whereas knockdown of IGFBP3 significantly rescued the inhibited cell proliferation and motility caused by B-Myb siRNA (small interfering RNA). Expression and luciferase reporter assays revealed that B-Myb could directly suppress the expression of IGFBP3. Taken together, our results suggest that B-Myb functions as a tumor-promoting gene via suppressing IGFBP3 and could serve as a novel therapeutic target in NSCLC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Cell Cycle/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Humans
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/genetics
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/mortality
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Trans-Activators/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, ChongQing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China.
| | - Yitao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, ChongQing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Tinghui Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, ChongQing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, ChongQing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yuelei Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, ChongQing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China.
| | - Yulong Niu
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Huifang Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, ChongQing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Youquan Bu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, ChongQing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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14
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Wang SN, Wang LT, Sun DP, Chai CY, Hsi E, Kuo HT, Yokoyama KK, Hsu SH. Intestine-specific homeobox (ISX) upregulates E2F1 expression and related oncogenic activities in HCC. Oncotarget 2018; 7:36924-36939. [PMID: 27175585 PMCID: PMC5095049 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestine-specific homeobox (ISX), a newly identified proto-oncogene, is involved in cell proliferation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying mechanisms linking gene expression and tumor formation remain unclear. In this study, we found that ISX transcriptionally activated E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) and associated oncogenic activity by directly binding to the E2 site of its promoter. Forced expression of ISX increased the expression of and phosphorylated the serine residue at position 332 of E2F1, which may be translocated into the nucleus to form the E2F1–DP-1 complex, suggesting that the promotion of oncogenic activities of the ISX–E2F1 axis plays a critical role in hepatoma cells. Coexpression of ISX and E2F1 significantly promoted p53 and RB-mediated cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis, and repressed apoptosis and autophagy. In contrast, short hairpin RNAi-mediated attenuation of ISX and E2F1 decreased cell proliferation and malignant transformation, respectively, in hepatoma cells in vitro and in vivo. The mRNA expression of E2F1 and ISX in 238 paired specimens from human HCC patients, and the adjacent, normal tissues exhibited a tumor-specific expression pattern which was highly correlated with disease pathogenesis, patient survival time, progression stage, and poor prognosis. Therefore, our results indicate that E2F1 is an important downstream gene of ISX in hepatoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Nien Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Ping Sun
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Edward Hsi
- Department of Genome Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Tao Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Senior Citizen Service Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kazunari K Yokoyama
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Japan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsien Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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15
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Lu Y, Li W. Functional characterization of E2F3b in human HepG2 liver cancer cell line. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:3429-3439. [PMID: 29135049 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
E2F3 is a transcription factor that has been shown to be overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is well-known that the E2F3 gene encodes two proteins E2F3a and E2F3b. Therefore, the functions of the two distinct isoforms need to be clarified separately. To characterize the function of E2F3b in HCC, the effects of ectopic expression of E2F3b on cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and gene expression were investigated. E2F3b promoted G1/S phase transition and markedly increased cell proliferation, but had minor effect on apoptosis. Microarray analyses identified 366 differentially expressed genes (171 upregulated and 195 downregulated) in E2F3b- overexpressing cells. Differential expression of 16 genes relevant to cell cycle and cell proliferation were further verified by real-time PCR. Six genes, including CDC2, CCNE1, ARF, MAP4K2, MUSK, and PAX2 were confirmed to be upregulated by more than twofold; one gene, CCNA2 was validated to be downregulated by more than twofold. We also confirmed that E2F3b increased the protein levels of both cyclin E and Arf but did not affect cyclin D1 protein. These results suggest that E2F3b functions as an important promoter for cell proliferation and plays important roles in transcriptional regulation in HepG2 liver cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Lu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Li L, Lei Q, Zhang S, Kong L, Qin B. Screening and identification of key biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma: Evidence from bioinformatic analysis. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:2607-2618. [PMID: 28901457 PMCID: PMC5780015 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Intense efforts have been made to elucidate the pathogeny, but the molecular mechanisms of HCC are still not well understood. To identify the candidate genes in the carcinogenesis and progression of HCC, microarray datasets GSE19665, GSE33006 and GSE41804 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and function enrichment analyses were performed. The protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed and the module analysis was performed using STRING and Cytoscape. A total of 273 DEGs were identified, consisting of 189 downregulated genes and 84 upregulated genes. The enriched functions and pathways of the DEGs include protein activation cascade, complement activation, carbohydrate binding, complement and coagulation cascades, mitotic cell cycle and oocyte meiosis. Sixteen hub genes were identified and biological process analysis revealed that these genes were mainly enriched in cell division, cell cycle and nuclear division. Survival analysis showed that BUB1, CDC20, KIF20A, RACGAP1 and CEP55 may be involved in the carcinogenesis, invasion or recurrence of HCC. In conclusion, DEGs and hub genes identified in the present study help us understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the carcinogenesis and progression of HCC, and provide candidate targets for diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qingsong Lei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Lingna Kong
- The Nursing College of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Bo Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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17
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Jin Y, Zhu H, Cai W, Fan X, Wang Y, Niu Y, Song F, Bu Y. B-Myb Is Up-Regulated and Promotes Cell Growth and Motility in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18060860. [PMID: 28555007 PMCID: PMC5485926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18060860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
B-Myb is a transcription factor that is overexpressed and plays an oncogenic role in several types of human cancers. However, its potential implication in lung cancer remains elusive. In the present study, we have for the first time investigated the expression profile of B-Myb and its functional impact in lung cancer. Expression analysis by quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that B-Myb expression is aberrantly overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and positively correlated with pathologic grade and clinical stage of NSCLC. A gain-of-function study revealed that overexpression of B-Myb significantly increases lung cancer cell growth, colony formation, migration, and invasion. Conversely, a loss-of-function study showed that knockdown of B-Myb decreases cell growth, migration, and invasion. B-Myb overexpression also promoted tumor growth in vivo in a NSCLC xenograft nude mouse model. A molecular mechanistic study by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis showed that B-Myb overexpression causes up-regulation of various downstream genes (e.g., COL11A1, COL6A1, FN1, MMP2, NID1, FLT4, INSR, and CCNA1) and activation of multiple critical pathways (e.g., extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and phosphorylated-protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways) involved in cell proliferation, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. Collectively, our results indicate a tumor-promoting role for B-Myb in NSCLC and thus imply its potential as a target for the diagnosis and/or treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelei Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, 1# Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Huifang Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, 1# Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, 1# Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, 1# Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yitao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, 1# Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yulong Niu
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Fangzhou Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, 1# Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Youquan Bu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, 1# Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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18
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Makowska Z, Boldanova T, Adametz D, Quagliata L, Vogt JE, Dill MT, Matter MS, Roth V, Terracciano L, Heim MH. Gene expression analysis of biopsy samples reveals critical limitations of transcriptome-based molecular classifications of hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2016; 2:80-92. [PMID: 27499918 PMCID: PMC4907058 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Molecular classification of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) could guide patient stratification for personalized therapies targeting subclass‐specific cancer ‘driver pathways’. Currently, there are several transcriptome‐based molecular classifications of HCC with different subclass numbers, ranging from two to six. They were established using resected tumours that introduce a selection bias towards patients without liver cirrhosis and with early stage HCCs. We generated and analyzed gene expression data from paired HCC and non‐cancerous liver tissue biopsies from 60 patients as well as five normal liver samples. Unbiased consensus clustering of HCC biopsy profiles identified 3 robust classes. Class membership correlated with survival, tumour size and with Edmondson and Barcelona Clinical Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage. When focusing only on the gene expression of the HCC biopsies, we could validate previously reported classifications of HCC based on expression patterns of signature genes. However, the subclass‐specific gene expression patterns were no longer preserved when the fold‐change relative to the normal tissue was used. The majority of genes believed to be subclass‐specific turned out to be cancer‐related genes differentially regulated in all HCC patients, with quantitative rather than qualitative differences between the molecular subclasses. With the exception of a subset of samples with a definitive β‐catenin gene signature, biological pathway analysis could not identify class‐specific pathways reflecting the activation of distinct oncogenic programs. In conclusion, we have found that gene expression profiling of HCC biopsies has limited potential to direct therapies that target specific driver pathways, but can identify subgroups of patients with different prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tujana Boldanova
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland; Division of Hepatology and GastroenterologyUniversity Hospital of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - David Adametz
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Luca Quagliata
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Julia E Vogt
- Department of Mathematics and Computer ScienceUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland; Present address: Computational Biology Center, Sloan-Kettering InstituteNew YorkUSA
| | - Michael T Dill
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland; Division of Hepatology and GastroenterologyUniversity Hospital of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Mathias S Matter
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Volker Roth
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Luigi Terracciano
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Markus H Heim
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland; Division of Hepatology and GastroenterologyUniversity Hospital of BaselBaselSwitzerland
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E2F1: a promising regulator in ovarian carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:2823-31. [PMID: 26749284 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4770-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
E2F is a family of transcription factors that recognized to regulate the expression of genes essential for a wide range of cellular functions, including cell cycle progression, DNA repair, DNA replication, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. E2F1, the most classic member of the E2F family, exhibits a complex role in tumor development regulation. In recent years, a growing body of data suggested an intimate relationship between E2F1 and ovarian carcinoma. And E2F1 was well identified to play dual functions and serve as a useful prognostic indicator in ovarian carcinoma. However, the mechanism underlying E2F1 associated with ovarian carcinoma remains elusive. It is necessary to clarify the fundamental role of E2F1 in ovarian carcinoma. In this review, we tried to sum up the knowledge of E2F1, including its structure and related mechanism. We also attempt to absorb the research achievements and collect the mechanism of E2F1 in ovarian carcinoma.
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Interrupted E2F1-miR-34c-SCF negative feedback loop by hyper-methylation promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation. Biosci Rep 2015; 36:e00293. [PMID: 26704889 PMCID: PMC4741184 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20150290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
E2F1 promoted miR-34c transcription which reduced its target stem cell factor (SCF) and inhibited colorectal cancer (CRC) cell proliferation. While, SCF increased E2F1 production, suggesting an existence of E2F1-miR-34c-SCF negative feedback loop, which was interrupted by hyper-methylation of miR-34c promoter in CRC cells. Tumour suppressor miR-34c deficiency resulted from hyper-methylation in its promoter is believed to be one of the main causes of colorectal cancer (CRC). Till date, miR-34c has been validated as a direct target of p53; but previous evidence suggested other transcription factor(s) must be involved in miR-34c transcription. In the present study, we in the first place identified a core promoter region (−1118 to −883 bp) of pre-miR-34c which was embedded within a hyper-methylated CpG island. Secondly, E2F1 promoted miR-34c transcription by physical interaction with the miR-34c promoter at site −897 to −889 bp. The transcriptional activating effect of E2F1 on miR-34c was in a p53 independent manner but profoundly promoted in the presence of p53 with exposure to 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (DAC). Thirdly, stem cell factor (SCF), a miR-34c target, was specifically reduced upon an introduction of E2F1 which lead to suppression of CRC cell proliferation. The E2F1-suppressed cell proliferation was partially abrogated by additional miR-34c inhibitor, indicating that the anti-proliferation effect of E2F1 was probably through activating miR-34c-SCF axis. Finally, SCF/KIT signalling increased E2F1 production by reducing its proteosomal degradation dependent on PI3K/Akt-GSK3β pathway. In conclusion, our results suggested the existence of E2F1-miR-34c-SCF negative feedback loop which was interrupted by the hyper-methylation of miR-34c promoter in CRC cells and increased cell proliferation.
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Zhang Y, Guo X, Xiong L, Yu L, Li Z, Guo Q, Li Z, Li B, Lin N. Comprehensive analysis of microRNA-regulated protein interaction network reveals the tumor suppressive role of microRNA-149 in human hepatocellular carcinoma via targeting AKT-mTOR pathway. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:253. [PMID: 25424347 PMCID: PMC4255446 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study identified AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3 as unfavorable prognostic factors for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, limited data are available on their exact mechanisms in HCC. Since microRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in various human cancers including HCC, we aimed to screen miRNAs targeting AKTs and investigate their underlying mechanisms in HCC by integrating bioinformatics prediction, network analysis, functional assay and clinical validation. METHODS Five online programs of miRNA target prediction and RNAhybrid which calculate the minimum free energy (MFE) of the duplex miRNA:mRNA were used to screen optimized miRNA-AKT interactions. Then, miRNA-regulated protein interaction network was constructed and 5 topological features ('Degree', 'Node-betweenness', 'Edge-betweenness', 'Closeness' and 'Modularity') were analyzed to link candidate miRNA-AKT interactions to oncogenesis and cancer hallmarks. Further systematic experiments were performed to validate the prediction results. RESULTS Six optimized miRNA-AKT interactions (miR-149-AKT1, miR-302d-AKT1, miR-184-AKT2, miR-708-AKT2, miR-122-AKT3 and miR-124-AKT3) were obtained by combining the miRNA target prediction and MFE calculation. Then, 103 validated targets for the 6 candidate miRNAs were collected from miRTarBase. According to the enrichment analysis on GO items and KEGG pathways, these validated targets were significantly enriched in many known oncogenic pathways for HCC. In addition, miRNA-regulated protein interaction network were divided into 5 functional modules. Importantly, AKT1 and its interaction with mTOR respectively had the highest node-betweenness and edge-betweenness, implying their bottleneck roles in the network. Further experiments confirmed that miRNA-149 directly targeted AKT1 in HCC by a miRNA luciferase reporter approach. Then, re-expression of miR-149 significantly inhibited HCC cell proliferation and tumorigenicity by regulating AKT1/mTOR pathway. Notably, miR-149 down-regulation in clinical HCC tissues was correlated with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis of patients. CONCLUSION This comprehensive analysis identified a list of miRNAs targeting AKTs and revealed their critical roles in HCC malignant progression. Especially, miR-149 may function as a tumor suppressive miRNA and play an important role in inhibiting the HCC tumorigenesis by modulating the AKT/mTOR pathway. Our clinical evidence also highlight the prognostic potential of miR-149 in HCC. The newly identified miR-149/AKT/mTOR axis might be a promising therapeutic target in the prevention and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Boan Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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22
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Yu L, Ding GF, He C, Sun L, Jiang Y, Zhu L. MicroRNA-424 is down-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and suppresses cell migration and invasion through c-Myb. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91661. [PMID: 24675898 PMCID: PMC3968007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of multiple cellular processes, and the aberrant miRNAs expressions have been observed in different types of cancer including HCC. Their pathysiologic role and their relevance to tumorigenesis are still largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated the down-regulation of miR-424 in HCC cell lines and tissues by quantitative RT-PCR analyses. Overexpression of miR-424 reduced the HCC cell prolifetation, migration, and invasion. Conversely, inhibiton of miR-424 expression significantly accelerated the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, we further identified c-Myb as a functional downstream target of miR-424 by directly targeting the 3'UTR of c-Myb. Furthermore, overexpression of c-Myb impaired miR-424-induced inhibition of proliferation and invasion in HCC cells. Our results demonstrated that miR-424 was involved in tumorigenesis of HCC at least in part by suppression of c-Myb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guo-feng Ding
- Department of Infectious Disease, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Changzhi He
- The Graduate School of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - YanFang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Department of Central Laboratory, the Second Part of First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- * E-mail: (YJ); (LZ)
| | - Liying Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- * E-mail: (YJ); (LZ)
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The Complex Relationship between Liver Cancer and the Cell Cycle: A Story of Multiple Regulations. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:79-111. [PMID: 24419005 PMCID: PMC3980619 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver acts as a hub for metabolic reactions to keep a homeostatic balance during development and growth. The process of liver cancer development, although poorly understood, is related to different etiologic factors like toxins, alcohol, or viral infection. At the molecular level, liver cancer is characterized by a disruption of cell cycle regulation through many molecular mechanisms. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms underlying the lack of regulation of the cell cycle during liver cancer, focusing mainly on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We also provide a brief summary of novel therapies connected to cell cycle regulation.
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E2F-1 is overexpressed and pro-apoptotic in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Virchows Arch 2012; 460:439-46. [PMID: 22450712 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-012-1220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
E2F-1 is a transcription factor involved in DNA synthesis and repair, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Hyposphorylated pRb represses E2F-1 action in early G1 phase, while in late G1, pRb hyperphosphorylation leads to E2F-1 release and activation. In vitro studies have shown that E2F-1 may act either as oncogene or as tumor suppressor gene. We evaluated immunohistochemical expression of E2F-1 protein in chronic viral liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and correlated this with clinicopathological parameters, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the expression of E2F-1-regulators, pRb, and phospho-pRb (Ser795). In liver biopsies from 30 patients with chronic viral hepatitis, including 22 with cirrhosis without HCC, and 57 with cirrhosis with HCC, E2F-1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. In chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, hepatocytes and cholangiocytes demonstrated mild cytoplasmic and/or nuclear membrane E2F-1 immunostaining. In contrast, all HCC (100 %) showed strong nuclear E2F-1 immunostaining, with or without membrane accentuation, while a minority demonstrated additional moderate cytoplasmic immunostaining. Abnormally low pRb and phospho-pRb expression was seen in 70 % and 67.9 % of HCC, respectively. In HCC, nuclear E2F-1 expression was inversely correlated with phospho-pRb expression (p = 0.001) and positively related to tumor apoptotic index (p = 0.025). No significant correlation was found between E2F-1 expression and patient demographics, HCC etiology, tumor grade, pRb, p53 expression, or cell proliferation. In conclusion, we show that the increased expression of E2F-1 protein in human HCC is correlated with enhanced tumor cell apoptosis supporting a pro-apoptotic role of E2F-1 in human HCC.
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Saha A, Lu J, Morizur L, Upadhyay SK, AJ MP, Robertson ES. E2F1 mediated apoptosis induced by the DNA damage response is blocked by EBV nuclear antigen 3C in lymphoblastoid cells. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002573. [PMID: 22438805 PMCID: PMC3305458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
EBV latent antigen EBNA3C is indispensible for in vitro B-cell immortalization resulting in continuously proliferating lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). EBNA3C was previously shown to target pRb for ubiquitin-proteasome mediated degradation, which facilitates G1 to S transition controlled by the major transcriptional activator E2F1. E2F1 also plays a pivotal role in regulating DNA damage induced apoptosis through both p53-dependent and -independent pathways. In this study, we demonstrate that in response to DNA damage LCLs knocked down for EBNA3C undergo a drastic induction of apoptosis, as a possible consequence of both p53- and E2F1-mediated activities. Importantly, EBNA3C was previously shown to suppress p53-induced apoptosis. Now, we also show that EBNA3C efficiently blocks E2F1-mediated apoptosis, as well as its anti-proliferative effects in a p53-independent manner, in response to DNA damage. The N- and C-terminal domains of EBNA3C form a stable pRb independent complex with the N-terminal DNA-binding region of E2F1 responsible for inducing apoptosis. Mechanistically, we show that EBNA3C represses E2F1 transcriptional activity via blocking its DNA-binding activity at the responsive promoters of p73 and Apaf-1 apoptosis induced genes, and also facilitates E2F1 degradation in an ubiquitin-proteasome dependent fashion. Moreover, in response to DNA damage, E2F1 knockdown LCLs exhibited a significant reduction in apoptosis with higher cell-viability. In the presence of normal mitogenic stimuli the growth rate of LCLs knockdown for E2F1 was markedly impaired; indicating that E2F1 plays a dual role in EBV positive cells and that active engagement of the EBNA3C-E2F1 complex is crucial for inhibition of DNA damage induced E2F1-mediated apoptosis. This study offers novel insights into our current understanding of EBV biology and enhances the potential for development of effective therapies against EBV associated B-cell lymphomas. Aberrant cellular proliferation due to deregulation of E2F1 transcriptional activity as a result of either genetic or functional alterations of its upstream components is a hallmark of human cancer. Interestingly, E2F1 can also promote cellular apoptosis regardless of p53 status by activating a number of pro-apoptotic genes in response to DNA damage stimuli. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encoded essential latent antigen EBNA3C can suppress p53-mediated apoptotic activities. This study now demonstrates that EBNA3C can further impede E2F1 mediated apoptosis by inhibiting its transcriptional ability, as well as by facilitating its degradation in an ubiquitin-proteasome dependent manner. This is the first evidence, which shows through targeting EBNA3C function linked to the E2F1-mediated apoptotic pathway, an additional therapeutic platform could be implemented against EBV-associated human B-cell lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhik Saha
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor Virology Program of the Abramson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor Virology Program of the Abramson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lise Morizur
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor Virology Program of the Abramson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Santosh K. Upadhyay
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor Virology Program of the Abramson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mahadesh Prasad AJ
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor Virology Program of the Abramson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Erle S. Robertson
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor Virology Program of the Abramson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Gualdrini F, Corvetta D, Cantilena S, Chayka O, Tanno B, Raschellà G, Sala A. Addiction of MYCN amplified tumours to B-MYB underscores a reciprocal regulatory loop. Oncotarget 2011; 1:278-88. [PMID: 21304178 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.100808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MYCN is a member of the MYC family of oncoproteins frequently amplified or overexpressed in aggressive, paediatric tumours of the nervous system. In this study we have identified the gene B-MYB, encoding the transcription factor also known as MYBL2, as a downstream target of MYCN. Using multiple in silico databases we show that expression of B-MYB significantly correlates with that of MYCN in neuroblastoma patients. MYCN binds to and activates the B-MYB gene in vivo and in vitro. Blunting B-MYB expression by RNA interference causes reduced proliferation of MYCN amplified, but not MYCN-non amplified, neuroblastoma cell lines, indicating that tumour cells are addicted to B-MYB in a MYCN dependent manner. Notably, B-MYB binds in vivo to the MYCN amplicon and is required for its expression. We conclude that MYCN and B-MYB are engaged in a reciprocal regulatory loop whose pharmacological targeting could be beneficial to patients with the aggressive forms of cancer in which MYCN is amplified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Gualdrini
- Molecular Haeamatology and Cancer Biology Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Sala A, Bettuzzi S, Pucci S, Chayka O, Dews M, Thomas-Tikhonenko A. Regulation of CLU gene expression by oncogenes and epigenetic factors implications for tumorigenesis. Adv Cancer Res 2010; 105:115-32. [PMID: 19879426 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(09)05007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In no other field has the function of clusterin (CLU) been more controversial than in cancer genetics. After more than 20 years of research, there is still uncertainty with regard to the role of CLU in human cancers. Some investigators believe CLU to be an oncogene, others-an inhibitor of tumorigenesis. However, owing to the recent efforts of several laboratories, the role of CLU in important cellular processes like proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and transformation is beginning to emerge. The "enigmatic" CLU is becoming less so. In this chapter, we will review the work of research teams interested in understanding how CLU is regulated by oncogenic signaling. We will discuss how and under what circumstances oncogenes and epigenetic factors modify CLU expression, with important consequences for mammalian tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Sala
- Molecular Haematology and Cancer Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, United Kingdom
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