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Salord Torres X, Dobromylskyj M, Sánchez Jiménez C, Plested M, Purzycka K, Phillips M, Mullowney D. Bilateral renal histiocytic sarcoma with disseminated lung involvement in a Siberian Forest Cat. JFMS Open Rep 2023; 9:20551169231191076. [PMID: 37614780 PMCID: PMC10443916 DOI: 10.1177/20551169231191076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 5-year-old female neutered Siberian Forest Cat presented with a 7-day history of lethargy, hyporexia and weight loss. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed bilateral renal changes suggestive of neoplasia. Thoracic radiography documented diffuse pulmonary nodules. The cat was euthanased during diagnostic investigations. Histopathological assessment and immunohistochemical staining of post-mortem renal biopsies were consistent with a histiocytic lesion, most likely histiocytic sarcoma (HS). The lung lesions were suspected of representing disseminated disease. Relevance and novel information HS is considered a rare neoplastic process in cats. This report describes a case of feline bilateral renal HS with suspected concomitant pulmonary involvement. A primary renal origin was suspected, with the lung lesions being a result of disseminated disease. Renal HS should be included as a differential diagnosis when renal ultrasonography reveals changes suggestive of neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark Plested
- Lumbry Park Veterinary Specialists (CVS Group), Alton, Hampshire, UK
| | | | | | - Deirdre Mullowney
- Lumbry Park Veterinary Specialists (CVS Group), Alton, Hampshire, UK
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2
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Abstract
Case summary A 15-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat presented with a 4-week history of dysphonia and reluctance to chew hard food. Oral examination revealed a mass lesion on the caudal soft palate. Biopsy was performed and histopathology with immunohistochemistry was most consistent with histiocytic sarcoma. CT of the head identified a discrete, left-sided, soft tissue mass lesion cranial to the tonsil with bilaterally symmetrical regional lymph nodes. CT of the thorax was unremarkable. Surgical removal achieved cytoreduction but not complete removal. Adjuvant chemotherapy with lomustine 10 mg (30 mg/m2) was initiated. The patient developed suspected pancreatitis 2–3 weeks postoperatively, so further chemotherapy treatment was discontinued, but supportive treatment with pain relief and appetite stimulants was provided. Three months postoperatively, the patient developed recurrent dysphonia, and oral examination revealed a suspicion of local recurrence. Confirmation of diagnosis (cytopathology or histopathology) was not obtained. Supportive treatment to maintain a good quality of life was continued and the patient was euthanased 6 months after diagnosis owing to progressive disease. Relevance and novel information Only a few reports have been published describing histiocytic diseases of cats. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a feline histiocytic sarcoma of the oral cavity. Therefore, histiocytic sarcoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in feline patients with an oral mass, especially if histopathology suggests a pleomorphic and poorly differentiated sarcoma. Immunohistochemistry for the confirmation of cell line origin would be strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavomίra Néčová
- Southfields Veterinary Specialists (formerly VRCC Veterinary referrals), Laindon, UK
| | - Susan North
- Southfields Veterinary Specialists (formerly VRCC Veterinary referrals), Laindon, UK
| | | | - Smita Das
- Davies Veterinary Specialists, Higham Gobion, UK
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3
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Huber B, Leleonnec M. Diagnosis and treatment of hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma in a cat. JFMS Open Rep 2020; 6:2055116920957196. [PMID: 33194216 PMCID: PMC7594485 DOI: 10.1177/2055116920957196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 7-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was presented for
persistent anemia of unknown origin. Splenomegaly was diagnosed through
physical examination and abdominal radiographs, and an abdominal ultrasound
was performed. The ultrasound showed splenomegaly, as well as one discrete
mass in the body of the spleen. A splenectomy was performed and
histopathology along with immunohistochemistry for CD18 and CD204 confirmed
a diagnosis of hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma (HS). Two courses of
lomustine (CCNU) chemotherapy were used in this cat along with adjuvant oral
prednisolone and iron dextran injections, but the cat eventually succumbed
to hepatic failure, presumed to be secondary to metastatic disease. Relevance and novel information The clinical pathology results and ultrasonographic studies performed before
and after treatment in this cat provide useful preliminary information about
the biologic behavior and response to treatment for this rare cancer. This
is also the first reported case where both CD18 and CD204 were strongly
positive, confirming hemophagocytic HS in a cat.
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4
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Argenta FF, de Britto FC, Pereira PR, Rissi DR, Gomes C, da Costa FVA, Pavarini SP. Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis in cats and a literature review of feline histiocytic diseases. J Feline Med Surg 2020; 22:305-312. [PMID: 30977699 PMCID: PMC10814658 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x19842384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to report the clinical, radiographic and pathological features of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis in four cats, and carry out a literature review of feline histiocytic diseases. METHODS Necropsy reports archived at the Department of Veterinary Pathology of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul were reviewed. The clinical information was then obtained from the clinical records at the Veterinary Hospital. Routine samples had been collected during necropsy, fixed in 10% formalin, routinely processed for histology, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Samples of lung were submitted for bacterial and fungal culture. Tissue sections of lung underwent immunohistochemical testing for vimentin, pancytokeratin, CD18, CD3, CD79αcy, E-cadherin and Iba1. RESULTS This disease affected mixed breed cats aged 7-14 years. Clinical signs consisted of severe mixed inspiratory and expiratory restrictive dyspnea, lethargy and anorexia. Thoracic radiographs revealed different lesion profiles, predominantly of an interstitial and alveolar pattern. Grossly, the lungs were diffusely firm and did not collapse. The pleural surface was bright and irregular due to multifocal-to-coalescent, well-demarcated, white, firm nodules that also extended into and obliterated the pulmonary parenchyma. Histological changes were characterized by poorly demarcated infiltration with histiocytic cells arranged in cohesive groups within the alveolar, bronchiolar and bronchial spaces. Histiocytic cells had intense cytoplasmic immunolabeling for vimentin and Iba1, and robust membrane immunolabeling with CD18 and E-cadherin; these cells were negative for CD3, CD79αcy and pancytokeratin in all cases. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This article confirms that pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare disease that occurs in middle-aged to older cats and causes widespread involvement of the pulmonary parenchyma, inducing acute or chronic, progressive respiratory disease characterized by mixed restrictive dyspnea that eventually leads to death. While a definitive clinical diagnosis is challenging, the nodular appearance of the pulmonary changes, together with the histological and immunohistochemistry findings, suffice for diagnostic confirmation of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Froner Argenta
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cristina de Britto
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paula Reis Pereira
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniel Ricardo Rissi
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Cristiano Gomes
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Vieira Amorim da Costa
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Saulo Petinatti Pavarini
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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5
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Winzelberg Olson S, Hohenhaus AE. Feline non-regenerative anemia: Diagnostic and treatment recommendations. J Feline Med Surg 2019; 21:615-631. [PMID: 31234748 PMCID: PMC10814193 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x19856178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE Non-regenerative anemia, or anemia with reticulocytopenia, is a daily diagnosis in feline practice. CLINICAL CHALLENGES The disease processes underlying non-regenerative anemia are many and diverse. A major diagnostic evaluation may be required to correctly diagnose and treat the underlying cause. AUDIENCE All veterinarians caring for cats will face the diagnostic and therapeutic challenge of non-regenerative anemia. Readers will benefit from the review of diagnostic testing and therapeutic options for non-regenerative anemia. EVIDENCE BASE This review summarizes the currently available literature informing diagnostic and treatment recommendations related to non-regenerative anemia. The evidence available to support the recommendations in this review is graded as low and includes predominantly expert opinion, case reports and cases series, on which the authors' interpretation/consensus is based.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Winzelberg Olson
- DVM, Diplomate ACVIM (Oncology and Small Animal Internal Medicine) Animal Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ann E Hohenhaus
- DVM, Diplomate ACVIM (Oncology and Small Animal Internal Medicine) Animal Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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6
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Bisson J, Van den Steen N, Hawkins I, Cian F, Tappin S. Mediastinal histiocytic sarcoma with abdominal metastasis in a Somali cat. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2016-000405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Bisson
- Dick White ReferralsStation FarmLondon RoadSix Mile BottomCambridgeshireCB8 0UHUK
| | - Nele Van den Steen
- Dick White ReferralsStation FarmLondon RoadSix Mile BottomCambridgeshireCB8 0UHUK
| | - Ian Hawkins
- Bridge Pathology LimitedHorner Court, 637 Gloucester RoadHorfieldBristolBS7 0BJUK
| | - Francesco Cian
- Dick White ReferralsStation FarmLondon RoadSix Mile BottomCambridgeshireCB8 0UHUK
| | - Simon Tappin
- Dick White ReferralsStation FarmLondon RoadSix Mile BottomCambridgeshireCB8 0UHUK
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7
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Abstract
A 12-year-old Persian cat was examined for a firm swelling of the right tarsal region and enlargement of the corresponding right popliteal lymph node. Cytologic evaluation demonstrated a population of malignant cells consistent with large cell lymphoma. Necropsy revealed a multi-lobulated subcutaneous mass involving the tarsus with some extension into adjacent deep muscular tissue. Histologically, the mass was composed of round cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and pleomorphic anisokaryotic nuclei. Evidence of articular and nodal infiltration by these cells was observed. Differential diagnoses included synovial sarcoma and histiocytic sarcoma. Neoplastic cells were negative for cytokeratin, CD79a, and CD3 and positive for CD18, vimentin, lysozyme, and alpha-1-antitrypsin, most consistent with a diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma. This is the first report of a histiocytic sarcoma involving a joint of a cat. The final diagnosis was based on the light microscopic appearance in combination with the immunohistochemical stains.
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8
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Abstract
Histiocytic proliferative diseases include reactive and neoplastic proliferations of dendritic cells (DC) or macrophages. Various forms of DC proliferations have been documented in humans and dogs; their etiology is largely unknown. With the exception of a few case reports, histiocytic proliferations have not been characterized in cats. This study summarizes clinical, morphologic, and immunophenotypic features of a feline progressive histiocytosis (FPH) in 30 cats. There was no breed or age predilection. Females were more often affected than males. Solitary or multiple nonpruritic firm papules, nodules, and plaques had a predilection for feet, legs, and face. Lesions consisted of poorly circumscribed epitheliotropic (13/30) and nonepitheliotropic (17/30) histiocytic infiltrates of the superficial and deep dermis, with variable extension into the subcutis. The histiocytic population was relatively monomorphous early in the clinical course. With disease progression, cellular pleomorphism was more frequently encountered. Histiocytes expressed CD1a, CD1c, CD18, and major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. This immunophenotype suggests a DC origin of these lesions. Coexpression of E-cadherin, a feature of cutaneous Langerhans cells, was only observed in 3 cats. FPH followed a progressive clinical course; the lesions, however, were limited to the skin for an extended period of time. Terminal involvement of internal organs was documented in 7 cases. Treatment with chemotherapeutics or immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs was not successful. The etiology of FPH remains unknown. FPH is best considered an initially indolent cutaneous neoplasm, which is mostly slowly progressive and may spread beyond the skin in the terminal stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Affolter
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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9
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Scurrell E, Trott A, Rozmanec M, Belford CJ. Ocular histiocytic sarcoma in a cat. Vet Ophthalmol 2013; 16 Suppl 1:173-6. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adele Trott
- Allan & Rushton-Taylor; St. Mary Jersey Channel Islands JE3 3DT UK
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10
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Wong VM, Snyman HN, Ackerley C, Bienzle D. Primary nasal histiocytic sarcoma of macrophage-myeloid cell type in a cat. J Comp Pathol 2012; 147:209-13. [PMID: 22520253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A 16-year-old neutered male Burmese cat was presented with a locally invasive nasal mass. The cytological and histological findings on incisional biopsy of this mass were suggestive of histiocytic sarcoma. Tumour cells expressed CD18, major histocompatibility complex class II, lysozyme and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase; and lacked expression of CD3, CD79a, CD1a, CD1b, calprotectin, CD11c and E-cadherin. These findings are consistent with a myeloid-macrophage lineage. Metastasis to the bone marrow was present on necropsy examination. Histiocytic sarcoma should be considered in cats presented with primary round cell neoplasia of the nasal cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Wong
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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11
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Teshima T, Hata T, Nezu Y, Michishita M, Matsumoto H, Mizutani H, Takahashi K, Koyama H. Amputation for histiocytic sarcoma in a cat. J Feline Med Surg 2012; 14:147-50. [PMID: 22314091 PMCID: PMC10822483 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x11429226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A 9-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat presented with a skin lesion of the left tarsus. The lesion was biopsied and, based on the microscopic appearance and immunohistochemical characteristics, histiocytic sarcoma was diagnosed. Amputation was performed with improved demeanor seen postoperatively. However, between 44 and 60 days following the surgery, relapse of skin lesions appeared in multiple locations, including at the previous amputation site, and euthanasia was elected. This is the first report of a histiocytic sarcoma treated with amputation in a cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Teshima
- Division of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan.
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12
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Mylonakis ME, Soubasis N, Kritsepi-Konstantinou M, Vernau W, Theodorou K, Tentoma L, Koutinas AF. Presumptive histiocytic neoplasm with unusual immunophenotype in a cat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-011-1304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Nielsen L, Andreasen SN, Andersen SD, Kristensen AT. Malignant histiocytosis and other causes of death in Bernese mountain dogs in Denmark. Vet Rec 2010; 166:199-202. [PMID: 20154310 DOI: 10.1136/vr.b4756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To determine the causes of death in Bernese mountain dogs, to assess the prevalence of malignant histiocytosis in the Danish Bernese mountain dog population, and to assess whether a hereditary pattern for this disease exists, 756 questionnaires were sent to members of the Danish Bernese Mountain Dog Club requesting information regarding the life span and causes of death of their dogs. A response rate of 57.7 per cent was achieved, giving information for 812 dogs, of which 290 had died. The average life span was 7.1 years. The most prevalent causes of death were neoplasia (42.1 per cent), old age (10.3 per cent), kidney disease (6.9 per cent), infection (5.9 per cent), skeletal problems (5.2 per cent), heart disease (3.8 per cent) and behavioural causes (3.5 per cent). Thirteen dogs were diagnosed with malignant histiocytosis, 11 of which were genealogically related.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nielsen
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlaegevej 16, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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14
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Talavera J, Agut A, Fernández del Palacio J, Martínez CM, Seva JI. Thoracic omentalization for long-term management of neoplastic pleural effusion in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2009; 234:1299-302. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.234.10.1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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IDE K, SETOGUCHI-MUKAI A, NAKAGAWA T, UETSUKA K, NAKAYAMA H, FUJINO Y, OHNO K, TSUJIMOTO H. Disseminated Histiocytic Sarcoma with Excessive Hemophagocytosis in a Cat. J Vet Med Sci 2009; 71:817-20. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.71.817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori IDE
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Asuka SETOGUCHI-MUKAI
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University
| | - Takayuki NAKAGAWA
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Koji UETSUKA
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hiroyuki NAKAYAMA
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yasuhito FUJINO
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Koichi OHNO
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hajime TSUJIMOTO
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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16
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Busch MDM, Reilly CM, Luff JA, Moore PF. Feline Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis with Multiorgan Involvement. Vet Pathol 2008; 45:816-24. [DOI: 10.1354/vp.45-6-816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Histiocytic proliferative diseases are uncommon in cats, although recently a progressive histiocytosis of the skin with terminal involvement of internal organs has been described in cats. Here we describe 3 cats (2 males and 1 female) with pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH). The cats were euthanized due to progressive respiratory clinical symptoms and deterioration. Macroscopically, extensive, multifocal to confluent, pulmonary masses were evident. Infiltration of pancreas (2 cats), kidneys (1 cat), liver (1 cat), as well as tracheobronchial, hepatosplenic, or mesenteric lymph nodes (2 cats) was observed by gross or microscopic examination. The infiltrating cells had histiocytic morphology with cytologic atypia characterized by anisokaryosis and hyperchromasia regionally within infiltrated tissues. Lesional histiocytes expressed vimentin, CD18, and E-cadherin. Expression of E-cadherin was usually markedly reduced in extra-pulmonary lesions, which is consistent with possible down-regulation of E-cadherin associated with distant migration from the lung. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated intracytoplasmic organelles consistent with Birbeck's granules of Langerhans cells in the lesional histiocytes in all cats, except in the pancreas of one cat. These findings were compatible with PLCH with limited organ involvement of humans. It remains unproven whether feline PLCH represents a reactive or neoplastic cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. D. M. Busch
- Vet Med Labor GmbH, Division of IDEXX Laboratories, Ludwigsburg, Germany
| | | | - J. A. Luff
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - P. F. Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
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17
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Friedrichs KR, Young KM. Histiocytic sarcoma of macrophage origin in a cat: case report with a literature review of feline histiocytic malignancies and comparison with canine hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma. Vet Clin Pathol 2008; 37:121-8. [PMID: 18366555 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2008.00005.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mild nonregenerative anemia was detected in a 9-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat during a routine examination. Bone marrow core biopsy revealed erythroid hyperplasia; however, a specific cause was not identified. Over the next 8 months the anemia progressed, eventually becoming mildly regenerative, and moderate thrombocytopenia developed. On ultrasonographic examination, marked splenomegaly, mild hepatomegaly, and abdominal lymphadenopathy were found. Cytologic evaluation of splenic aspirates revealed increased numbers of mildly to moderately pleomorphic histiocytes that frequently had phagocytosed RBCs, leukocytes, and occasionally platelets. Histopathologic examination of the spleen and liver revealed effacement of splenic architecture by a histiocytic sarcoma (HS), and neoplastic histiocytes in hepatic sinusoids. A second bone marrow aspirate revealed neoplastic infiltration by similar cells. The histiocytes in all tissues were mildly to moderately pleomorphic and markedly erythrophagocytic. The immunophenotype of histiocytes in the spleen was CD1c(-)/CD11b(+)/CD18(+)/MHC-II(+), supporting a macrophage cell lineage. The clinical, pathologic, and immunophenotypic findings in this cat were similar to those in hemophagocytic HSs in dogs. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a HS of purported macrophage phenotype in a cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen R Friedrichs
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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18
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Bell R, Philbey AW, Martineau H, Nielsen L, Pawson P, Dukes-McEwan J. Dynamic tracheal collapse associated with disseminated histiocytic sarcoma in a cat. J Small Anim Pract 2006; 47:461-4. [PMID: 16911115 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2006.00167.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This case report describes an unusual presentation of histiocytic sarcoma in a domestic shorthair cat. Initial investigation revealed a haemodynamically insignificant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, bronchitis and a mild irregularity of the cervical trachea. The cat's disease progressed over a two-week period. Repeat radiography and tracheoscopy revealed a marked dynamic tracheal collapse associated with a raised plaque-like lesion within the cervical trachea. Subsequent post-mortem examination and histopathology revealed disseminated histiocytic sarcoma involving the trachea and kidneys. This is the first reported case of a histiocytic sarcoma involving the trachea in either dogs or cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bell
- Division of Companion Animal Sciences, Institute of Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH
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19
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Smoliga J, Schatzberg S, Peters J, McDonough S, deLahunta A. Myelopathy caused by a histiocytic sarcoma in a cat. J Small Anim Pract 2006; 46:34-8. [PMID: 15682739 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2005.tb00273.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An eight-year-old, female spayed, domestic shorthair cat presented with a three-week history of progressive general proprioceptive ataxia and upper motor neuron paresis of the hindlimbs. Computed tomography revealed a mediastinal mass invading the vertebral canal with the T1 spinal nerve and roots, causing extramedullary compression of the cranial thoracic spinal cord. Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies of the mass during postmortem examination disclosed a neoplasm, later determined to be a poorly differentiated histiocytic sarcoma. Feline histiocytic tumours are rare, with only two prior reports existing in the veterinary literature. This report details a case work-up and reviews the literature on feline histiocytic diseases and tumours affecting the feline spinal
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Affiliation(s)
- J Smoliga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401, USA
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20
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Uetsuka K, Nishikawa S, Yasoshima A, Nakayama H, Doi K. Histopathological Characteristics of Ito Cells and Kupffer Cells in the Feline Liver. J Vet Med Sci 2006; 68:235-42. [PMID: 16598166 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.68.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The histopathological characteristics of Ito cells and Kupffer cells were investigated in the liver of 21 cats (age range: 6 months -18 years) autopsied in our laboratory during 2003. Immunohistochemical examinations were performed using antibodies against lysozyme, desmin and alpha-smooth muscle actin. No Kupffer cells reacted with the antibody against lysozyme. However, macrophages in the lung and spleen showed a positive reaction with the antibody. This finding suggests a possibility that the amount of lysozyme in the Kupffer cells of feline liver is comparatively small. On the other hand, large vacuole-laden cells were observed in the hepatic perisinusoid of some feline cases, and these cells showed a positive reaction with antibodies against desmin and alpha-smooth muscle actin. These cells could be Ito cells with large lipid vacuoles. This conclusion was supported by electron microscopic observation and oil red O staining. However, no such large vacuole-laden perisinusoidal cells were detected in the liver of young cats less than 2 years old. The present study revealed the histopathological features of Kupffer cells and Ito cells in the feline liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Uetsuka
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Reed N, Begara-McGorum IM, Else RW, Gunn-Moore DA. Unusual histiocytic disease in a Somali cat. J Feline Med Surg 2005; 8:129-34. [PMID: 16325444 PMCID: PMC7128662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2005.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
An 8-year-old Somali cat presented with a 9-month history of inappetence, vomiting and weight loss. The disease progressed to involve neurological signs associated with a mass lesion at the level of the first lumbar vertebra. Histopathology identified the condition as malignant histiocytosis affecting the lungs, stomach, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, brain and spinal cord. However, the presentation of this case differs from previously reported cases of malignant histiocytosis, and may therefore represent a variant form of histiocytic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Reed
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda R Austin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
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Abstract
We identified 20 cases of feline lymphadenopathy that conform to many clinical and histologic manifestations of human Hodgkin's disease. Histologic subtypes encountered included lymphocyte predominance (nine cases), mixed cellularity (nine cases), and nodular sclerosis (two cases). Two cases were not easily classified; fibrous bands were present, but the absence of nodules supported a subclassification of mixed cellularity Hodgkin's disease. Immunohistochemical staining of the tissues using antibodies against the pan T-cell antigen CD3, the human B-lymphocyte antigen 36 (BLA.36), the pan B-lymphocyte and plasma cell marker CD79a, and a myeloid antigen (MAC387) confirmed the phenotypic heterogeneity of the tumor. Classic Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells and mononuclear, multinucleate, and lacunar cell variants did not stain with any of the antibodies used. In contrast, lymphohistiocytic RS variants (L+H cells) reacted positively to BLA.36 and CD79a B-cell markers. Eighteen of 20 affected cats were > or = 6 years of age (range, 1-14 years). A sex predilection could not be identified. These findings support the existence of Hodgkin's-like lymphoma in the cat. Proper identification of this disease in the cat will enable further characterization of clinical features and biologic behavior to determine whether there are significant differences in the treatment and prognosis of feline Hodgkin's-like lymphoma compared with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Walton
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
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