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Matsuyama A, Beeler-Marfisi J, Wood RD, Richardson D, Calvalido J, Mutsaers AJ, Bienzle D. Treatment of myeloid neoplasia with doxorubicin and cytarabine in 11 dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:54-61. [PMID: 36153810 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) are primary myeloid neoplasms in dogs generally considered to have a poor outcome. In this study, we assessed toxicity, efficacy and outcome of concurrent administration of doxorubicin and cytarabine in 11 dogs with myeloid neoplasia. Bone marrow specimens were reviewed by three pathologists and classified as either MDS (n = 2), high grade MDS/early AML (MDS/AML; n = 4) or AML (n = 5). The median number of treatment cycles was 5 (range 1-9) and resolution of cytopenia was reported in 7 of 11 dogs including 2 dogs with MDS, 2 dogs with MDS/AML, and 3 dogs with AML. The median duration of remission in the seven responders was 344 days (range 109-1428) and the median overall survival for all dogs was 369 days. Adverse events consisted of predominantly low-grade gastrointestinal illness and myelosuppression. Three dogs developed grade V toxicity manifesting with heart failure (n = 2) at 369 and 1170 days after diagnosis and acute gastrointestinal side effects (n =1). Despite a limited sample size, these results suggest that a doxorubicin and cytarabine protocol may be considered as a therapeutic option in dogs with myeloid neoplasia. Protocol safety, in particular regarding myocardial toxicity, and efficacy should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arata Matsuyama
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janet Beeler-Marfisi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Darren Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle Richardson
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Anthony J Mutsaers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dorothee Bienzle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Rochel D, Abadie J, Robveille C, Déqueant B, Dagher E, Roux F, Jaillardon L. Thrombocytosis and central nervous system involvement in a case of canine acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Vet Clin Pathol 2018; 47:363-367. [PMID: 30024652 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This case report presents a 14-month-old female Poodle mix with acute megakaryoblastic leukemia based on a marked thrombocytosis, abnormal platelet morphology, circulating dwarf megakaryocytes, and blast cells in the blood. Bone marrow abnormalities included dysmegakaryopoiesis dygranulopoiesis, and an increased number of blast cells was observed in the blood. Extensive leukemic involvement was also found in the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, lungs, kidneys, and brain. The cytopathologic features of the abnormal circulating cells were highly suggestive of being megakaryocytic in origin, which was supported by negative myeloperoxidase staining and positive von Willebrand factor staining on immunocytochemistry (ICC). The neoplastic cells were also CD61 positive and had variable von Willebrand factor expression on ICC. Although there were only 25% blast cells in the bone marrow, which theoretically supported myelodysplastic syndrome, the hypothesis that this case represented acute myeloid leukemia of megakaryoblastic origin was confirmed by the continuous increase in circulating blast cell numbers during follow-up visits and the extensive leukemic involvement of parenchymal organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphné Rochel
- Oniris, Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France.,LabOniris - Veterinary Biological Laboratory, Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Abadie
- Oniris, Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France.,LabOniris - Veterinary Biological Laboratory, Nantes, France.,Université Nantes Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Cynthia Robveille
- Oniris, Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France.,LabOniris - Veterinary Biological Laboratory, Nantes, France
| | - Bérengère Déqueant
- Oniris, Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France.,LabOniris - Veterinary Biological Laboratory, Nantes, France
| | - Elie Dagher
- Oniris, Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France.,LabOniris - Veterinary Biological Laboratory, Nantes, France
| | - Françoise Roux
- Oniris, Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France.,Oniris, Emergency and Critical Care Unit, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France.,Université Nantes Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Laetitia Jaillardon
- Oniris, Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France.,LabOniris - Veterinary Biological Laboratory, Nantes, France.,Université Nantes Angers, Nantes, France
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Davis LL, Hume KR, Stokol T. A retrospective review of acute myeloid leukaemia in 35 dogs diagnosed by a combination of morphologic findings, flow cytometric immunophenotyping and cytochemical staining results (2007-2015). Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 16:268-275. [PMID: 29239119 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is an uncommon, rapidly progressive neoplasm in dogs. The aim of this retrospective study was to characterize the clinical presentation, haematologic findings, diagnostic imaging results, treatment and survival time of a contemporary cohort of dogs with AML. Diagnosis was based on >20% blasts in bone marrow or blood identified as myeloid based on morphologic findings, flow cytometric immunophenotyping and cytochemical staining. Medical records of 35 dogs diagnosed with AML from 2007 to 2015 were included. Most dogs presented with inappetence (66%) and lethargy (57%) and physical examination findings of peripheral lymphadenopathy (74%) and tachypnea (62%). Common haematologic findings were quantifiable circulating blasts (85%; median blast count 35 700/μL; range: 300-276 500/μL), anaemia (median haematocrit 34%; range: 11%-52%) and thrombocytopenia (median 57 000/μL; range: 9000-252 000/μL). Bicytopenia and pancytopenia were each found in 44% of dogs. Follow-up information was available for 34 dogs. The overall median survival time from diagnosis was 19 days (range: 1-121 days). Clinical progression in some dogs was not as rapid as previously reported. Haematologic responses to various chemotherapeutics were documented in 3 dogs, with associated survival times of 62, 103 and 121 days. Dogs treated with prednisone or a combination of chemotherapy and prednisone had improved survival compared to dogs that received symptomatic care only (P < .0001). Our results show canine AML has an overlapping clinical presentation with lymphoma. The prognosis for canine AML remains extremely guarded. Further studies are needed to optimize therapeutic regimens for dogs with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Davis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York
| | - K R Hume
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York
| | - T Stokol
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York
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LeVine DN, Birkenheuer AJ, Brooks MB, Nordone SK, Bellinger DA, Jones SL, Fischer TH, Oglesbee SE, Frey K, Brinson NS, Peters AP, Marr HS, Motsinger-Reif A, Gudbrandsdottir S, Bussel JB, Key NS. A novel canine model of immune thrombocytopenia: has immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) gone to the dogs? Br J Haematol 2014; 167:110-20. [PMID: 25039744 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Canine immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is analogous to human ITP, with similar platelet counts and heterogeneity in bleeding phenotype among affected individuals. With a goal of ultimately investigating this bleeding heterogeneity, a canine model of antibody-mediated ITP was developed. Infusion of healthy dogs with 2F9, a murine IgG2a monoclonal antibody to the canine platelet glycoprotein GPIIb (a common target of autoantibodies in ITP) resulted in profound, dose-dependent thrombocytopenia. Model dogs developed variable bleeding phenotypes, e.g. petechiae and haematuria, despite similar degrees of thrombocytopenia. 2F9 infusion was not associated with systemic inflammation, consumptive coagulopathy, or impairment of platelet function. Unexpectedly however, evaluation of cytokine profiles led to the identification of platelets as a potential source of serum interleukin-8 (IL8) in dogs. This finding was confirmed in humans with ITP, suggesting that platelet IL8 may be a previously unrecognized modulator of platelet-neutrophil crosstalk. The utility of this model will allow future study of bleeding phenotypic heterogeneity including the role of neutrophils and endothelial cells in ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana N LeVine
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Hematopoietic Tumors. WITHROW AND MACEWEN'S SMALL ANIMAL CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 2013. [PMCID: PMC7161412 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-2362-5.00032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ferreira HM, Smith SH, Schwartz AM, Milne EM. Myeloperoxidase-positive acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2011; 40:530-537. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2011.00363.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena M.T. Ferreira
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - Sionagh H. Smith
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - Anita M. Schwartz
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - Elspeth M. Milne
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
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Valentini F, Tasca S, Gavazza A, Lubas G. Use of CD9 and CD61 for the characterization of AML-M7 by flow cytometry in a dog*. Vet Comp Oncol 2011; 10:312-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2011.00290.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Diagnostic Cytology in Veterinary Medicine: A Comparative and Evidence-Based Approach. Clin Lab Med 2011; 31:1-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Comazzi S, Gelain ME, Bonfanti U, Roccabianca P. Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in dogs: a report of three cases and review of the literature. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2010; 46:327-35. [PMID: 20810553 DOI: 10.5326/0460327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Three dogs of different breeds, ages, and genders were presented with pale mucous membranes, depression, anorexia, and splenomegaly. Observed were severe normocytic, nor-mochromic, nonregenerative anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia. Blood smears contained large, atypical cells with blue vacuolated cytoplasm, cytoplasmic blebs, round to oval central nuclei, and elevated numbers of cytoplasmic fragment resembling macroplatelets. Bi- and multinucleated atypical cells were found mainly in spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. A final diagnosis of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMegL) was made based on morphology and positivity to the megakaryocyte-derived cell-specific markers von Willebrand factor and CD61. In case nos. 1 and 2, no treatment was initiated, and the dogs died on days 4 and 3, respectively. Case no. 3 received supportive therapy with prednisone, and after a brief improvement the dog died spontaneously 35 days after initial presentation. Only 11 cases of AMegL have been reported in dogs, and the specific diagnostic criteria have not been well established. The presence of vacuolization, cytoplasmic blebs, central round nuclei, cytoplasmic fragments, and multinucleated cells in these three cases were considered useful to differentiate AMegL from other hematopoietic neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Comazzi
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, University of Milan, via Celoria 10, Milan, 20133 Italy
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Ameri M, Wilkerson MJ, Stockham SL, Almes KM, Patton KM, Jackson T. Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in a German Shepherd dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2009; 39:39-45. [PMID: 19793230 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2009.00185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An 11-year-old spayed-female German Shepherd dog was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at Kansas State University with a history of weight loss, anorexia, depression, and lethargy for 2-3 weeks. Radiographic examination revealed a mass in the spleen and several round radiodense foci in the liver. CBC results included normocytic normochromic anemia, marked thrombocytopenia, and low numbers of neoplastic cells that frequently had cytoplasmic projections or blebs. A bone marrow aspirate contained about 80% neoplastic megakaryoblasts with the same microscopic features as those observed in peripheral blood. Using flow cytometry, cells of large size were identified in peripheral blood that expressed CD41/61, CD45, CD61, and CD62P (P-selectin) and were negative for markers of T cells, B cells, monocyte/macrophages, and dendritic cells. Because of the poor prognosis, euthanasia and subsequently necropsy were performed. On histopathologic examination, neoplastic megakaryoblasts were identified in spleen, liver, mesenteric lymph node, and the pulmonary vasculature. Using immunohistochemistry, the neoplastic megakaryoblasts weakly expressed von Willebrand factor. Based on microscopic and immunophenotypic findings, a diagnosis of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMegL) was made. To our knowledge, this is the first report of AMegL in a domestic animal in which immunophenotyping by flow cytometry and a panel of antibodies against CD41/61, CD61, and CD62P were used to support the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Ameri
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
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