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Romito G, Gemma N, Dondi F, Mazzoldi C, Fasoli S, Cipone M. Efficacy and safety of antiarrhythmic therapy in dogs with naturally acquired tachyarrhythmias treated with amiodarone or sotalol: a retrospective analysis of 64 cases. J Vet Cardiol 2024; 53:20-35. [PMID: 38608438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE Studies on the use of amiodarone or sotalol are limited in dogs. Therefore, this study aimed to provide data on the efficacy and safety of these drugs in dogs with ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VT) and/or supraventricular tachyarrhythmia (SvT). ANIMALS, MATERIALS, AND METHODS Dogs with VT and/or SvT treated with amiodarone or sotalol as a first-line therapy were retrospectively evaluated. Signalment, clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic, and outcome data were retrieved. For VT, efficacy was demonstrated through a decrease of the Lown-Wolf grade to less than five or a reduction of at least 85% in the number of ventricular premature complexes observed on Holter monitoring. For SvT, efficacy was represented by cardioversion or a reduction in the mean heart rate on Holter monitoring ≤140 beats/min. Treatment-related side effects (TRSEs) were classified as clinically relevant and irrelevant. Statistical analysis was performed to compare data before and after antiarrhythmic prescription. RESULTS Sixty-four dogs were included. Amiodarone and sotalol were efficacious in treating both VT (85.7% and 90.0% of cases, respectively) and SvT (75% and 71.4% of cases, respectively). No significant differences were found when comparing their efficacy rates in dogs with VT and SvT (P=0.531 and 0.483, respectively). Clinically relevant TRSEs were rare with both amiodarone and sotalol (8.3% and 5% of cases, respectively), while clinically irrelevant TRSEs occurred more frequently with amiodarone (29.2%) than with sotalol (10%). DISCUSSION In dogs with tachyarrhythmias, amiodarone and sotalol are generally efficacious and safe, as clinically relevant TRSEs seem rare. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel data on the effects of amiodarone and sotalol in dogs with tachyarrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Romito
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy.
| | - N Gemma
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - F Dondi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - C Mazzoldi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - S Fasoli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - M Cipone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
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Oranges MA, Lindholm JR, Quinn RL. ECG of the Month. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 257:1235-1239. [PMID: 33269966 DOI: 10.2460/javma.257.12.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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3
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Berlin N, Ohad DG, Maiorkis I, Kelmer E. Successful management of ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia using defibrillation and intravenous amiodarone therapy in a cat. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2020; 30:474-480. [PMID: 32400960 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the successful management of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) using cardiopulmonary resuscitation, including defibrillation, followed by continuous rate infusion of IV amiodarone, in a cat with cardiac arrest secondary to tachyarrhythmia. CASE SUMMARY A 12-year-old previously healthy neutered male Scottish Fold cat presented following an acute episode of collapse. Initial physical examination revealed severe tachycardia and cardiovascular collapse. Within a few minutes after arrival, the cat experienced cardiopulmonary arrest. Electrocardiographic assessment was suggestive of VF, and CPR was initiated, including 2 rounds of defibrillation (2 joule/kg each), resulting in return of spontaneous circulation with sustained VT. After procainamide and lidocaine failed to result in conversion to normal sinus rhythm (NSR), continuous IV amiodarone therapy was initiated, and NSR was achieved. Echocardiography demonstrated severe systolic dysfunction, and tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TICM) secondary to chronic VT was suspected; however, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) or end-stage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy could not be ruled out. The patient was discharged the following day with oral amiodarone and pimobendan. During a recheck examination performed 7 months later the cat was in NSR, with no direct evidence of long-term amiodarone adverse effects. The cat died acutely at home 8 months after discharge. NEW OR UNIQUE INFORMATION PROVIDED This report is the first to describe the successful use of IV amiodarone in a cat to manage sustained VT following CPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Berlin
- Department of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, The Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dan G Ohad
- Department of Small Animal Cardiology, The Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Igal Maiorkis
- Department of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, The Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Efrat Kelmer
- Department of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, The Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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4
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Webster CRL, Center SA, Cullen JM, Penninck DG, Richter KP, Twedt DC, Watson PJ. ACVIM consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:1173-1200. [PMID: 30844094 PMCID: PMC6524396 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This consensus statement on chronic hepatitis (CH) in dogs is based on the expert opinion of 7 specialists with extensive experience in diagnosing, treating, and conducting clinical research in hepatology in dogs. It was generated from expert opinion and information gathered from searching of PubMed for manuscripts on CH, the Veterinary Information Network for abstracts and conference proceeding from annual meetings of the American College of Veterinary Medicine and the European College of Veterinary Medicine, and selected manuscripts from the human literature on CH. The panel recognizes that the diagnosis and treatment of CH in the dog is a complex process that requires integration of clinical presentation with clinical pathology, diagnostic imaging, and hepatic biopsy. Essential to this process is an index of suspicion for CH, knowledge of how to best collect tissue samples, access to a pathologist with experience in assessing hepatic histopathology, knowledge of reasonable medical interventions, and a strategy for monitoring treatment response and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia R. L. Webster
- Department of Clinical SciencesCummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts UniversityGraftonMassachusetts
| | - Sharon A. Center
- Department of Clinical SciencesNew York State College of Veterinary Medicine at Cornell UniversityIthacaNew York
| | - John M. Cullen
- Population Health and PathobiologyNorth Carolina State Veterinary MedicineRaleighNorth Carolina
| | - Dominique G. Penninck
- Department of Clinical SciencesCummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts UniversityGraftonMassachusetts
| | - Keith P. Richter
- Ethos Veterinary Health and Veterinary Specialty Hospital of San DiegoSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - David C. Twedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColorado
| | - Penny J. Watson
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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Seo J, Singh MK. Electrical cardioversion in a dog with atrial fibrillation and hypothyroidism. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2017-000583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joonbum Seo
- Royal Veterinary CollegeNorth MymmsUK
- Small Animal Specialist HospitalNorth RydeNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Manreet K Singh
- Small Animal Specialist HospitalNorth RydeNew South WalesAustralia
- Veterinary Cardiac ReferralsTerrey HillsNew South WalesAustralia
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Saengklub N, Limprasutr V, Sawangkoon S, Hamlin RL, Kijtawornrat A. Dronedarone attenuates the duration of atrial fibrillation in a dog model of sustained atrial fibrillation. Exp Anim 2017; 66:251-258. [PMID: 28381818 PMCID: PMC5543246 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.17-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a supraventricular arrhythmia that leads to a decrease in
cardiac output and impairs cardiac function and quality of life. Dronedarone has an
atrial-selective property and has been used for management of AF in humans, but limited
information is available in dogs. This study was designed to evaluate efficacy of
dronedarone in attenuating the duration of AF in dog model of sustained AF. Six beagle
dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane and instrumented to measure atrial action potential
duration (aAPD) and atrial effective refractory period (AERP). Then AF was induced by
rapid right atrial pacing (20 V, 40 Hz) simultaneously with infusion of phenylephrine (2
µg/kg/min, intravenously) for 20 min. The duration of sustained AF was
recorded, and the animals were allowed to recover. Dronedarone was given at a dose of 20
mg/kg, BID, orally for 7 days. On the last day, the dogs were anesthetized again to record
aAPD and AERP, and AF was induced with the same procedure as described above. The results
showed that after dronedarone administration the aAPD was lengthened significantly from
76.4 ± 4.2 ms to 91.2 ± 3.9 ms (P<0.05) and AERP was prolonged
significantly from 97.5 ± 2.8 ms to 120 ± 4.8 ms (P<0.05). The
duration of sustained AF was also significantly attenuated after receipt of dronedarone
(P<0.05). It can be suggested that oral dronedarone attenuates the
duration of sustained AF in a dog model of AF by extending the AERP more than the aAPD,
causing post-repolarization refractoriness. Hence, dronedarone may be useful for
management of AF in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakkawee Saengklub
- Animal Physiology Program, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, 39 Henri Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Vudhiporn Limprasutr
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, 39 Henri Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Suwanakiet Sawangkoon
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, 39 Henri Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Robert L Hamlin
- QTest Labs, Ltd., 6456 Fiesta Drive, Columbus, Ohio 43235, USA
| | - Anusak Kijtawornrat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, 39 Henri Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Research clusters: research study and testing of drug's effect related to cardiovascular system in laboratory animal, Chulalongkorn University, 39 Henri Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Cook AM, Bauer N, Neiger R, Peppler C, Moritz A. [Neutropenia in dogs: etiology and prognostic factors]. TIERAERZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE KLEINTIERE HEIMTIERE 2016; 44:307-315. [PMID: 27526642 DOI: 10.15654/tpk-160142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate frequency, prognostic factors, and differences for various etiologies of neutropenia in dogs. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 391 dogs with neutrophil counts < 2.78 x 109/l (January 2008 to December 2012) were included and, depending on the etiology of neutropenia, assigned to seven diagnostic groups: nonbacterial infectious disease, increased demand due to marked inflammation, drug-associated, bone-marrow diseases, immune-mediated, physiologic, miscellaneous. Absolute neutrophil counts, evidence of neutrophil toxicity or left shift, case history, rectal temperature, hospitalization, and survival were compared among groups. RESULTS Increased demand due to marked inflammation (90/391, 23%) and nonbacterial infectious disease (70/391, 18%) were the most common causes for neutropenia, followed by drug-associated neutropenia (43/391, 11%) and bone-marrow disease (32/391, 8%). Immune-mediated and physiologic neutropenia (both 16/391, 4%) were uncommon. Almost one third (124/391, 32%) of dogs were assigned to the miscellaneous group. Absolute neutrophil counts were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in dogs of the physiologic and miscellaneous groups than in the other groups. Dogs with immune-mediated neutropenia or nonbacterial infectious disease displayed significantly lower absolute neutrophil counts than dogs with neutropenia due to an increased demand (p < 0.001) and were most commonly referred with a history of fever (11/16, 69%) or gastrointestinal signs (52/70, 74%), respectively. Neutrophil toxicity and left shift were most commonly associated with an increased demand due to marked inflammation (60/90 and 25/90, 67% and 28%, respectively) and the mortality rate was highest in this group (32/90, 36%). CONCLUSION Neutrophil toxicity and left shift are associated with an increased demand due to marked inflammation and may indicate a poor prognosis. The lower the absolute neutrophil count, the greater the probability of an immune-mediated neutropenia. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Neutropenia should be assessed in context with case history, clinical examination, and neutrophil morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Cook
- Andrea Manuela Cook, Berrenrather Straße 1a, 50169 Kerpen, E-Mail:
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Kanemoto H, Sakai M, Sakamoto Y, Spee B, van den Ingh TSGAM, Schotanus BA, Ohno K, Rothuizen J. American Cocker Spaniel chronic hepatitis in Japan. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:1041-8. [PMID: 23782303 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND American Cocker Spaniels are predisposed to chronic hepatitis. OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical and histological features of chronic hepatitis in Japanese American Cocker Spaniels. ANIMALS Thirteen cases examined from 2003 to 2009. METHODS Retrospective study. Medical records were searched for American Cocker Spaniels with chronic liver diseases. History, physical examination, clinicopathologic features, hepatic ultrasonographic findings, hepatic histopathology, and immunohistochemistry were evaluated. RESULTS The median age was 4.6 (1.9-10.7) years. Clinical signs included inappetence (11/13), ascites (11/13), lethargy (9/13), diarrhea (7/13), and melena (2/13). Only 1/13 dogs was jaundiced. Clinicopathological abnormalities were increased liver enzymes (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase: 9/12, aspartate aminotransferase: 7/10, alanine aminotransferase: 6/13, alkaline phosphatase: 6/13), increased total serum bile acid concentrations (10/12), and hypoalbuminemia (10/13). The liver had an irregular surface in all dogs and acquired portosystemic collaterals were verified in 11/13 dogs by abdominal ultrasound (2), laparoscopy (4), or both (5). Liver histology revealed severe fibrosis and cirrhosis in all cases, subdivided in lobular dissecting hepatitis (7), periportal fibrosis (1), micronodular cirrhosis (3), and macronocular cirrhosis (2). Inflammatory activity was low to mild. Immunohistochemical stains showed ductular proliferation. The median survival time was 913 (range: 63-1981) days. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Hepatitis in Japanese American Cocker Spaniels is clinically silent until an advanced stage and is associated with severe hepatic fibrosis leading to cirrhosis, extensive ductular/putative hepatic progenitor cell proliferation, portal hypertension, and acquired portosystemic collateral shunting, but relatively long survival times. Lobular dissecting hepatitis seems more prevalent than in previously reported cases from other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kanemoto
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Liver. CANINE AND FELINE GASTROENTEROLOGY 2013. [PMCID: PMC7161409 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-3661-6.00061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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10
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Pedro B, López-Alvarez J, Fonfara S, Stephenson H, Dukes-McEwan J. Retrospective evaluation of the use of amiodarone in dogs with arrhythmias (from 2003 to 2010). J Small Anim Pract 2011; 53:19-26. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2011.01142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Cober R, Schober K, Hildebrandt N, Sikorska E, Riesen S. Adverse Effects of Intravenous Amiodarone in 5 Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2009; 23:657-61. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0314.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Kraus M, Thomason J, Fallaw T, Calvert C. Toxicity in Doberman Pinchers with Ventricular Arrhythmias Treated with Amiodarone (1996-2005). J Vet Intern Med 2009; 23:1-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2008.0227.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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De Clercq D, van Loon G, Baert K, Tavernier R, Croubels S, De Backer P, Deprez P. Effects of an adapted intravenous amiodarone treatment protocol in horses with atrial fibrillation. Equine Vet J 2007; 39:344-9. [PMID: 17722727 DOI: 10.2746/042516407x182811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
REASON FOR PERFORMING STUDY Good results have been obtained with a human amiodarone (AD) i.v. protocol in horses with chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) and a pharmacokinetic study is required for a specific i.v. amiodarone treatment protocol for horses. OBJECTIVES To study the efficacy of this pharmacokinetic based i.v. AD protocol in horses with chronic AF. METHODS Six horses with chronic AF were treated with an adapted AD infusion protocol. The protocol consisted of 2 phases with a loading dose followed by a maintenance infusion. In the first phase, horses received an infusion of 6.52 mg AD/kg bwt/h for 1 h followed by 1.1 mg/kg bwt/h for 47 h. In the second phase, horses received a second loading dose of 3.74 mg AD/kg bwt/h for 1 h followed by 1.31 mg/kg bwt/h for 47 h. Clinical signs were monitored, a surface ECG and an intra-atrial electrogram were recorded. AD treatment was discontinued when conversion or any side effects were observed. RESULTS Three of the 6 horses cardioverted successfully without side effects. The other 3 horses did not convert and showed adverse effects, including diarrhoea. In the latter, there were no important circulatory problems, but the diarrhoea continued for 10-14 days. The third horse had to be subjected to euthanasia because a concomitant Salmonella infection worsened the clinical signs. CONCLUSION The applied treatment protocol based upon pharmacokinetic data achieved clinically relevant concentrations of AD and desethylamiodarone. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Intravenous AD has the potential to be an alternative pharmacological treatment for AF in horses, although AD may lead to adverse drug effects, particularly with cumulative dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- D De Clercq
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Calvert CA, Brown J. Influence of antiarrhythmia therapy on survival times of 19 clinically healthy Doberman pinschers with dilated cardiomyopathy that experienced syncope, ventricular tachycardia, and sudden death (1985-1998). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2007; 40:24-8. [PMID: 14736902 DOI: 10.5326/0400024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Overtly healthy Doberman pinschers, having moderate to severe myocardial failure secondary to dilated cardiomyopathy, which experienced ventricular tachycardia, syncope or collapse, and sudden death were studied to determine the effect of antiarrhythmic medication on their clinical outcome. Antiarrhythmia drug therapy may have retarded sudden death in 13 treated dogs compared to the six dogs not administered antiarrhythmia drugs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use
- Breeding
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/drug therapy
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/mortality
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/veterinary
- Death, Sudden, Cardiac/prevention & control
- Death, Sudden, Cardiac/veterinary
- Dog Diseases/drug therapy
- Dog Diseases/mortality
- Dogs
- Echocardiography/veterinary
- Electrocardiography, Ambulatory/veterinary
- Female
- Male
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Analysis
- Syncope/drug therapy
- Syncope/mortality
- Syncope/veterinary
- Tachycardia, Ventricular/drug therapy
- Tachycardia, Ventricular/mortality
- Tachycardia, Ventricular/veterinary
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Affiliation(s)
- Clay A Calvert
- Department of Small Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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Saunders AB, Miller MW, Gordon SG, Wiele CMVD. Oral Amiodarone Therapy in Dogs with Atrial Fibrillation. J Vet Intern Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2006.tb01806.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common clinically important arrhythmia in veterinary medicine. Electrical cardioversion of AF to sinus rhythm is feasible, but pharmacologic rate control is an effective and achievable treatment strategy for most veterinary patients. Recent human trials suggest that rate control and rhythm control are almost equally beneficial. Nevertheless, AF can be a challenging arrhythmia to manage, because most affected animal shave numerous other concurring problems associated with the underlying heart disease that dictate or influence the clinician's choice of treatment and monitoring strategy for each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R M Gelzer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Bicer S, Nakayama T, Hamlin RL. Effects of Chronic Oral Amiodarone on Left Ventricular Function, ECGs, Serum Chemistries, and Exercise Tolerance in Healthy Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2002. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2002.tb02365.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Laste NJ. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy. Hemodynamic drugs and antiarrhythmic agents. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2001; 31:1231-52, vii. [PMID: 11727335 DOI: 10.1016/s0195-5616(01)50101-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Successful management of the patient presenting with acute cardiovascular compromise requires a thorough working knowledge of the therapeutic agents available for treatment. This article focuses on the indications for, dosing, and monitoring employed for successful use of the vasoactive agents and antiarrhythmic medications in current widespread use in the veterinary intensive care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Laste
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Angell Memorial Animal Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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