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Barsotti G, Abramo F, Nuti M, Novelli A, Puccinelli C, Cecchi F. Multiple congenital ocular anomalies in three related litters of Jack Russell Terrier puppies. Vet Ophthalmol 2024. [PMID: 38700994 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe multiple congenital ocular anomalies in three litters of Jack Russell Terrier puppies. ANIMALS STUDIED Seven purebred Jack Russell Terrier puppies from three related litters and their four parents. PROCEDURES Medical records of the puppies and their parents were evaluated. All dogs underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, followed by bilateral ocular ultrasonography in two of the puppies with complete corneal opacity. One eye from an affected puppy was subjected to histopathology. A complete database of pedigrees was built, and individual inbreeding was evaluated. RESULTS The most commonly diagnosed ocular anomalies in the puppies were: various anomalies of the fundus (12/14 eyes); microphthalmia (10/14 eyes); sclerocornea (8/14 eyes); and persistent pupillary membranes (7/14 eyes). Six out of seven puppies had at least two ocular abnormalities, and only one puppy was normal. Four out of seven puppies had sclerocornea, a particular corneal opacity to date described only in Spanish Podenco dogs. No ocular abnormalities were found in the parents examined (4/4). Analysis of the pedigrees showed that all the puppies and two parents were inbred, and the individual values of the inbreeding puppies were greater than 6.25% in two litters. CONCLUSIONS Inbreeding with closely related Jack Russell Terriers may result in severe congenital eye abnormalities in puppies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Barsotti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Abramo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Nuti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Novelli
- San Concordio Veterinary Hospital, Lucca, Italy
| | - C Puccinelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Cecchi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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2
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Menor-Campos DJ. Ethical Concerns about Fashionable Dog Breeding. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:756. [PMID: 38473141 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The historical relationship between humans and dogs has involved selective breeding for various purposes, such as hunting, guarding, and service roles. However, over time, there has been a shift in preferences from functionality to aesthetics, which has influenced the diverse sizes, shapes, and coats of dog breeds. This review looks at fashionable dog breeding and questions the ethics of prioritising looks over health and behaviour. It aims to alert potential owners, breeders, and regulators to the importance of considering a dog's overall well-being, not just its appearance, which has resulted in fad breeding, leading to genetic disorders, health issues, and a loss of biodiversity. Ethical concerns arise from breeding brachycephalic breeds with respiratory conditions, inbreeding causing inherited disorders, and overbreeding popular breeds while shelter dogs remain unadopted. Additionally, the impact of cosmetic surgeries on popular dog breeds, as well as the neglect of behavioural traits in favour of physical characteristics and strict breeding practices are also considered. The current breeding model can have a negative impact on the emotional and cognitive well-being of dogs, resulting in issues such as aggression, anxiety, and other behavioural problems that can significantly reduce their overall quality of life. Unregulated breeding practices and the demand for rare breeds can lead to illegal breeding, compromising animal welfare. Prospective owners, veterinarians, kennel clubs, and legislators all need to play a responsible role in protecting animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Menor-Campos
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, 14005 Córdoba, Spain
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3
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Broeckx BJG. Incorporating Genetic Testing into a Breeding Program. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023:S0195-5616(23)00064-5. [PMID: 37221103 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Genetic tests are powerful tools that enable (1) a focus on genetic diversity as mating outcomes can be predicted and thus optimized to minimize or even avoid exclusion and (2) working toward breeding goals by improving a phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart J G Broeckx
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium.
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4
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Lingaas F, Tengvall K, Jansen JH, Pelander L, Hurst MH, Meuwissen T, Karlsson Å, Meadows JRS, Sundström E, Thoresen SI, Arnet EF, Guttersrud OA, Kierczak M, Hytönen MK, Lohi H, Hedhammar Å, Lindblad-Toh K, Wang C. Bayesian mixed model analysis uncovered 21 risk loci for chronic kidney disease in boxer dogs. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010599. [PMID: 36693108 PMCID: PMC9897549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 10% of the human population, with only a small fraction genetically defined. CKD is also common in dogs and has been diagnosed in nearly all breeds, but its genetic basis remains unclear. Here, we performed a Bayesian mixed model genome-wide association analysis for canine CKD in a boxer population of 117 canine cases and 137 controls, and identified 21 genetic regions associated with the disease. At the top markers from each CKD region, the cases carried an average of 20.2 risk alleles, significantly higher than controls (15.6 risk alleles). An ANOVA test showed that the 21 CKD regions together explained 57% of CKD phenotypic variation in the population. Based on whole genome sequencing data of 20 boxers, we identified 5,206 variants in LD with the top 50 BayesR markers. Following comparative analysis with human regulatory data, 17 putative regulatory variants were identified and tested with electrophoretic mobility shift assays. In total four variants, three intronic variants from the MAGI2 and GALNT18 genes, and one variant in an intergenic region on chr28, showed alternative binding ability for the risk and protective alleles in kidney cell lines. Many genes from the 21 CKD regions, RELN, MAGI2, FGFR2 and others, have been implicated in human kidney development or disease. The results from this study provide new information that may enlighten the etiology of CKD in both dogs and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frode Lingaas
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Katarina Tengvall
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Høgset Jansen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Lena Pelander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Theo Meuwissen
- Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Åsa Karlsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jennifer R. S. Meadows
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Sundström
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stein Istre Thoresen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Ellen Frøysadal Arnet
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Ole Albert Guttersrud
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Marcin Kierczak
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marjo K. Hytönen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Åke Hedhammar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KL-T); (CW)
| | - Chao Wang
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail: (KL-T); (CW)
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Cavalera MA, Gernone F, Uva A, D’Ippolito P, Roura X, Zatelli A. Clinical and Histopathological Features of Renal Maldevelopment in Boxer Dogs: A Retrospective Case Series (1999-2018). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030810. [PMID: 33805804 PMCID: PMC8001074 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study describes clinical findings in Boxer dogs with renal maldevelopment and proposes a possible mode of inheritance. Medical records of 9 female Boxer dogs, older than 5 months and with a clinical diagnosis of proteinuric chronic kidney disease prior to one year of age, showed the presence of polyuria and polydipsia, decreased appetite, weight loss, lethargy and weakness in all affected dogs. Common laboratory findings were proteinuria and diluted urine, non-regenerative anemia, azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypoalbuminemia and hypercholesterolemia. Histopathology of the kidneys identified the presence of immature glomeruli in all dogs. In 7 out of 9 related dogs, the pedigree analysis showed that a simple autosomal recessive trait may be a possible mode of inheritance. Renal glomerular immaturity should be suspected in Boxer dogs with a history of polyuria, polydipsia, decreased appetite, weight loss, lethargy, weakness and proteinuria. A prompt diagnosis of renal maldevelopment, potentially hereditary, may help to evaluate if relatives of the affected dogs might be at risk, thus assisting clinicians in reaching an early diagnosis. A routine clinical renal screening evaluation in this breed, especially when this disease is suspected, should be strongly recommended. Abstract Renal maldevelopment (RM) has been proposed to replace the old and sometimes misused term “renal dysplasia” in dogs. Although renal dysplasia has been described in Boxers, hereditary transmission has only been hypothesized. This study reports clinical and renal histological findings in Boxer dogs with RM, proposing a possible mode of inheritance. Medical records of 9 female Boxer dogs, older than 5 months and with a clinical diagnosis of chronic kidney disease prior to one year of age, were retrospectively reviewed. Polyuria and polydipsia (PU/PD), decreased appetite, weight loss, lethargy and weakness were described in all affected dogs. Common laboratory findings were proteinuria, diluted urine, non-regenerative anemia, azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypoalbuminemia and hypercholesterolemia. Histopathology of the kidneys revealed the presence of immature glomeruli in all dogs, which is consistent with RM. In 7 related dogs, the pedigree analysis showed that a simple autosomal recessive trait may be a possible mode of inheritance. Renal maldevelopment should be suspected in young Boxer dogs with a history of PU/PD, decreased appetite, weight loss, lethargy, weakness and proteinuria. Due to its possible inheritance, an early diagnosis of RM may allow clinicians to promptly identify other potentially affected dogs among the relatives of the diagnosed case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alfonsa Cavalera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (M.A.C.); (F.G.); (A.U.)
| | - Floriana Gernone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (M.A.C.); (F.G.); (A.U.)
| | - Annamaria Uva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (M.A.C.); (F.G.); (A.U.)
| | - Paola D’Ippolito
- Veterinary diagnostic Lab ACV Triggiano, 70019 Triggiano, Italy;
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
| | - Andrea Zatelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (M.A.C.); (F.G.); (A.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-4679804
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6
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Lindaberry C, Vaden S, Aicher KM, Seiler G, Robertson J, Cianciolo R, Yang C, Gookin JL. Proteinuria in dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation: A retrospective case control study. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:878-886. [PMID: 33547696 PMCID: PMC7995360 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proteinuria is an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality in dogs. An association between proteinuria and gallbladder mucocele formation in dogs is unknown. Objective Determine if gallbladder mucocele formation or clinicopathologic comorbidities are associated with proteinuria. Animals Twenty‐five dogs with mucocele formation and 25 breed and age‐matched control dogs from a prior study. Methods Retrospective case control study. Proteinuria defined by calculated urine dipstick protein concentration (mg/mL) to urine specific gravity (USG) ratio. Clinicopathologic findings, postcosyntropin cortisol concentration, thyroid function profile, and illness severity score were recorded. Results Median urine dipstick protein concentration to USG ratio and number of dogs having a ratio ≥1.5 were significantly higher for dogs with mucocele formation compared to control dogs. Proteinuria was not significantly associated with CBC or serum biochemistry profile abnormalities but increased in relation to severity of illness. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Gallbladder mucocele formation is significantly associated with proteinuria in dogs. Diagnosis and treatment of proteinuria in dogs with mucocele formation might minimize long term kidney morbidity in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Lindaberry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shelly Vaden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kathleen M Aicher
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Veterinary Specialty Hospital of the Carolinas, Cary, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gabriela Seiler
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - James Robertson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rachel Cianciolo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ching Yang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jody L Gookin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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7
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Andrade LR, Caceres AM, Trecenti ADS, Borges AS, Oliveira-Filho JP. Allele frequency of nonsense mutation responsible for hereditary nephropathy in English cocker spaniel dogs. Vet Anim Sci 2020; 9:100114. [PMID: 32734115 PMCID: PMC7386716 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2020.100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary nephropathy is a primary progressive glomerular disease in dogs associated with the c.115A>T mutation in the COL4A4 gene in English cocker spaniel (ECS) dogs. The disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Hereditary nephropathy has been described in this breed since the late 1940s. To date, there are no data on the prevalence of this disease in Brazil, so the aim of this study was to evaluate the allelic frequency of this mutation in ECS dogs in this country. The DNA samples were purified from blood samples or buccal swabs from 221 ECS dogs. Fragments of the DNA containing the mutation were amplified by PCR and submitted to direct gene sequencing. The allele frequency of the mutation was 0.9%. The presence of the mutation in the ECS dog population in Brazil reveals the importance of performing the genotyping tests in these dogs as a method of diagnosing the disease and identifying heterozygous animals, aiming to reduce clinical cases of disease through mating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Rocha Andrade
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Rua Prof. Dr. Walter Mauricio Correa, s/n, 18618-681, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Amanda Manara Caceres
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Rua Prof. Dr. Walter Mauricio Correa, s/n, 18618-681, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Anelize de Souza Trecenti
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Rua Prof. Dr. Walter Mauricio Correa, s/n, 18618-681, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Secorun Borges
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Rua Prof. Dr. Walter Mauricio Correa, s/n, 18618-681, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Jose Paes Oliveira-Filho
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Rua Prof. Dr. Walter Mauricio Correa, s/n, 18618-681, Botucatu, Brazil
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8
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Menon DV, Patel D, Joshi CG, Kumar A. The road less travelled: The efficacy of canine pluripotent stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2019; 377:94-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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9
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de Brot S, Adamany J, Baiker K, Dhumeaux M, Allegrucci C, Polledo L, Grau-Roma L. Pathology in Practice. Hereditary nephropathy (familial nephropathy) in an English Cocker Spaniel. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017; 251:661-664. [PMID: 28857708 DOI: 10.2460/javma.251.6.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Donner J, Kaukonen M, Anderson H, Möller F, Kyöstilä K, Sankari S, Hytönen M, Giger U, Lohi H. Genetic Panel Screening of Nearly 100 Mutations Reveals New Insights into the Breed Distribution of Risk Variants for Canine Hereditary Disorders. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161005. [PMID: 27525650 PMCID: PMC4985128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The growing number of identified genetic disease risk variants across dog breeds challenges the current state-of-the-art of population screening, veterinary molecular diagnostics, and genetic counseling. Multiplex screening of such variants is now technologically feasible, but its practical potential as a supportive tool for canine breeding, disease diagnostics, pet care, and genetics research is still unexplored. Results To demonstrate the utility of comprehensive genetic panel screening, we tested nearly 7000 dogs representing around 230 breeds for 93 disease-associated variants using a custom-designed genotyping microarray (the MyDogDNA® panel test). In addition to known breed disease-associated mutations, we discovered 15 risk variants in a total of 34 breeds in which their presence was previously undocumented. We followed up on seven of these genetic findings to demonstrate their clinical relevance. We report additional breeds harboring variants causing factor VII deficiency, hyperuricosuria, lens luxation, von Willebrand’s disease, multifocal retinopathy, multidrug resistance, and rod-cone dysplasia. Moreover, we provide plausible molecular explanations for chondrodysplasia in the Chinook, cerebellar ataxia in the Norrbottenspitz, and familiar nephropathy in the Welsh Springer Spaniel. Conclusions These practical examples illustrate how genetic panel screening represents a comprehensive, efficient and powerful diagnostic and research discovery tool with a range of applications in veterinary care, disease research, and breeding. We conclude that several known disease alleles are more widespread across different breeds than previously recognized. However, careful follow up studies of any unexpected discoveries are essential to establish genotype-phenotype correlations, as is readiness to provide genetic counseling on their implications for the dog and its breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Donner
- Genoscoper Laboratories Oy, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Maria Kaukonen
- Research Programs Unit—Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Kaisa Kyöstilä
- Research Programs Unit—Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Sankari
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo Hytönen
- Research Programs Unit—Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Urs Giger
- Section of Medical Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Genoscoper Laboratories Oy, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit—Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
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11
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Pelander L, Ljungvall I, Egenvall A, Syme H, Elliott J, Häggström J. Incidence of and mortality from kidney disease in over 600,000 insured Swedish dogs. Vet Rec 2015; 176:656. [PMID: 25940343 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Kidney disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in dogs. Knowledge about the epidemiology of kidney disease in the dog population is valuable and large-scale epidemiological studies are needed. The aim of the present study was to use insurance data to estimate kidney-related morbidity and mortality in the Swedish dog population. Insurance company data from insured dogs during the years 1995-2006 were studied retrospectively. Incidence and mortality were calculated for the whole group of dogs as well as divided by sex and breed. The total number of veterinary care insured dogs was 665,245. The total incidence of kidney disease in this group of dogs was 15.8 (15.3-16.2) cases/10,000 dog-years at risk. The number of dogs in the life insurance was 548,346 and in this group the total kidney-related mortality was 9.7 (9.3-10.2) deaths/10,000 dog-years at risk. The three breeds with the highest incidence of kidney disease were the Bernese mountain dog, miniature schnauzer and boxer. The three breeds with the highest mortality caused by kidney disease were the Bernese mountain dog, Shetland sheepdog and flat-coated retriever. In conclusion, the epidemiological information provided in this study concerning kidney disease in dogs can provide valuable information for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pelander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - I Ljungvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Egenvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Syme
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, UK
| | - J Elliott
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - J Häggström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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12
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DiBartola SP. Veterinary nephrology - yesterday and today. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2013; 23:111-4. [PMID: 23566107 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Lees GE. Kidney diseases caused by glomerular basement membrane type IV collagen defects in dogs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2013; 23:184-93. [DOI: 10.1111/vec.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George E. Lees
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station; TX; 77843-4474
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14
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Littman MP, Wiley CA, Raducha MG, Henthorn PS. Glomerulopathy and mutations in NPHS1 and KIRREL2 in soft-coated Wheaten Terrier dogs. Mamm Genome 2013; 24:119-26. [PMID: 23325127 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-012-9445-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dogs of the soft-coated wheaten terrier breed (SCWT) are predisposed to adult-onset, genetically complex, protein-losing nephropathy (average onset age = 6.3 ± 2.0 years). A genome-wide association study using 62 dogs revealed a chromosomal region containing three statistically significant SNPs (p(raw) ≤ 4.13 × 10(-8); p(genome) ≤ 0.005) when comparing DNA samples from affected and geriatric (≥14 years) unaffected SCWTs. Sequencing of candidate genes in the region revealed single nucleotide changes in each of two closely linked genes, NPHS1 and KIRREL2, which encode the slit diaphragm proteins nephrin and Neph3/filtrin, respectively. In humans, mutations in nephrin and decreased expression of Neph3 are associated with podocytopathy and protein-losing nephropathy. The base substitutions change a glycine to arginine in the fibronectin type 3 domain of nephrin and a proline to arginine in a conserved proline-rich region in Neph3. These novel mutations are not described in other species, nor were they found in 550 dogs of 105 other breeds, except in 3 dogs, including an affected Airedale terrier, homozygous for both substitutions. Risk for nephropathy is highest in dogs homozygous for the mutations (OR = 9.06; 95 % CI = 4.24-19.35). This is the first molecular characterization of an inherited podocytopathy in dogs and may serve as a model for continued studies of complex genetic and environmental interactions in glomerular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryl P Littman
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine-Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6010, USA.
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15
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Nowend KL, Starr-Moss AN, Lees GE, Berridge BR, Clubb FJ, Kashtan CE, Nabity MB, Murphy KE. Characterization of the genetic basis for autosomal recessive hereditary nephropathy in the English Springer Spaniel. J Vet Intern Med 2012; 26:294-301. [PMID: 22369189 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00888.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal recessive hereditary nephropathy (ARHN) was diagnosed in 2 English Springer Spaniels (ESS), a breed not previously reported to be affected by hereditary nephropathy (HN). OBJECTIVE To identify and characterize the genetic cause of ARHN in ESS. ANIMALS Sixty-three ESS (2 with ARHN, 2 obligate carriers, and 59 others), 2 mixed-breed dogs with X-linked HN, and 2 English Cocker Spaniels (ECS) with ARHN were included. METHODS ARHN was diagnosed based on transmission electron microscopy and immunostaining of kidney. DNA from affected dogs was screened for the mutation known to cause ARHN in ECS. Quantities of COL4A3, COL4A4, and COL4A5 mRNA transcripts in renal cortex were determined using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for ARHN-affected dogs and 7 other dogs. The coding regions of COL4A3 and COL4A4 were sequenced for the 2 ARHN-affected ESS and an unaffected dog. Exon 30 of COL4A4 was sequenced for all 63 ESS. RESULTS qRT-PCR indicated a significant reduction in transcript levels of both COL4A3 and COL4A4 mRNA in the kidney of ARHN-affected ESS. Sequencing identified a single nucleotide substitution in COL4A4 at base 2806 resulting in a premature stop codon. Thirteen of 25 related dogs were identified as carriers. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE A mutation highly likely to cause ARHN in ESS has been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Nowend
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0318, USA
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Lavoué R, van der Lugt J, Day M, Georges M, Busoni V, Merveille A, Poujade A, Peeters D. Progressive Juvenile Glomerulonephropathy in 16 Related French Mastiff (Bordeaux) Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2010; 24:314-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0474.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Tsai KL, Clark LA, Murphy KE. Understanding hereditary diseases using the dog and human as companion model systems. Mamm Genome 2007; 18:444-51. [PMID: 17653794 PMCID: PMC1998873 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-007-9037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2007] [Accepted: 05/15/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Animal models are requisite for genetic dissection of, and improved treatment regimens for, human hereditary diseases. While several animals have been used in academic and industrial research, the primary model for dissection of hereditary diseases has been the many strains of the laboratory mouse. However, given its greater (than the mouse) genetic similarity to the human, high number of naturally occurring hereditary diseases, unique population structure, and the availability of the complete genome sequence, the purebred dog has emerged as a powerful model for study of diseases. The major advantage the dog provides is that it is afflicted with approximately 450 hereditary diseases, about half of which have remarkable clinical similarities to corresponding diseases of the human. In addition, humankind has a strong desire to cure diseases of the dog so these two facts make the dog an ideal clinical and genetic model. This review highlights several of these shared hereditary diseases. Specifically, the canine models discussed herein have played important roles in identification of causative genes and/or have been utilized in novel therapeutic approaches of interest to the dog and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L. Tsai
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4467 USA
| | - Leigh Anne Clark
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4467 USA
| | - Keith E. Murphy
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4467 USA
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