1
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Jung DY, Park SM, Lim GH, Seo KW, Oh YI, Youn HY. Assessment of MMP-9 and clinical characteristics in dogs with tracheal collapse based on cough severity and fluoroscopic findings: a cross-sectional study. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:52. [PMID: 38341543 PMCID: PMC10858467 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03872-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tracheal collapse (TC), a common disease in dogs, is characterized by cough; however, little is known about the serum biomarkers that can objectively evaluate the severity of cough in canine TC. Furthermore, studies elucidating the relationship of fluoroscopic characteristics with the severity of cough are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between cough severity and clinical characteristics, fluoroscopic images, and new serum biomarkers in canine TC. RESULTS Fifty-one client-owned dogs diagnosed with TC based on fluoroscopic and clinical signs were enrolled in this study and divided into three groups according to the severity of cough (grade of cough: 0, 1, and 2). Signalments, comorbidities, and fluoroscopic characteristics were compared among the groups retrospectively. The serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), interleukin-6 (IL-6), surfactant protein-A (SP-A), and syndecan-1 (SDC-1) levels were measured in all groups. No significant differences in age, breed, sex, or clinical history were observed among the groups. Concomitant pharyngeal collapse increased significantly with the severity of cough (p = .031). Based on the fluoroscopic characteristics, the TC grade of the carinal region increased significantly and consistently with the grade of cough (p = .03). The serum MMP-9 level was significantly higher in the grade 2 group than that in the grade 0 group (p = .014). The serum IL-6 level was significantly lower in the grade 1 group than that in the grade 0 group (p = .020). The serum SP-A and SDC-1 levels did not differ significantly among the groups. CONCLUSIONS The severity of cough with the progression of TC can be predicted with the fluoroscopic TC grade at the carinal region. MMP-9 may be used as an objective serum biomarker that represents cough severity to understand the pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Yeon Jung
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 00826, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Min Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 00826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Hyun Lim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 00826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Won Seo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 00826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-In Oh
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hwa-Young Youn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 00826, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Carr SV, Reinero C, Rishniw M, Pritchard JC. Specialists' approach to tracheal collapse: survey-based opinions on diagnostics, medical management, and comorbid diseases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 261:80-86. [PMID: 36166502 DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.03.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the current standard of care among specialists for the routine diagnostic evaluation and medical management of stable tracheal collapse in dogs, identifying gaps between practice and scientific evidence to facilitate the development of future prospective studies. A secondary objective was to describe the perceived incidence of selected comorbid disorders in dogs with tracheal collapse and the diagnostic tests performed to evaluate for those disorders. SAMPLE 180 veterinary specialists in 22 countries. PROCEDURES An electronic survey was sent to 4 specialty listservs to target diplomates. Respondents completed multiple-choice and free-response questions related to the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of a theoretical stable dog with suspected tracheal collapse. RESULTS Most respondents routinely utilized radiography, tracheobronchoscopy, and fluoroscopy to diagnose tracheal collapse and performed airway sampling, sedated airway examination, and echocardiograms to rule out comorbidities. The most frequently perceived comorbid disorders included chronic bronchitis, bronchomalacia, and myxomatous mitral valve disease. Respondents most often prescribed opioid antitussives, glucocorticoids, anxiolytics, and antibiotics as treatments. Less frequently, they utilized bronchodilators and nonopioid medications for cough. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Despite a lack of published guidelines, specialists have similar approaches in their diagnostic and therapeutic approach to a stable dog with suspected tracheal collapse and believe evaluating for comorbid disorders is important. A description of a typical diagnostic approach and knowledge of realistic treatment goals will assist the general practitioner managing dogs with stable tracheal collapse. Additionally, gaps between current practices established via this survey and data supporting those practices exist, specifically concerning the use of antibiotics and nonopioid medications for cough, representing areas for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan V Carr
- 1College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Carol Reinero
- 2College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Mark Rishniw
- 3College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Jessica C Pritchard
- 4School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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3
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Lam MC, Lin CH, Lo PY, Wu HD. Influence of concurrent lower respiratory tract disease on point-of-care lung ultrasound in small-breed dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:1075-1081. [PMID: 35475522 PMCID: PMC9151468 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Small‐breed dogs commonly have concurrent myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD). Hypothesis Small‐breed dogs with preclinical MMVD and concurrent LRTD have more B‐lines on point‐of‐care lung ultrasound (POC‐LUS) compared to dogs without concurrent LRTD and are prone to misdiagnose as cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE). Animals A total of 114 small‐breed dogs with preclinical MMVD. Methods A prospective study was conducted, in which POC‐LUS was obtained and the number of B‐lines was calculated by a single clinician using the Veterinary Bedside Lung Ultrasound Examination protocol. The presence/absence of LRTD was assessed by clinicians blinded to the POC‐LUS results. Results Fifty and 64 dogs were in ACVIM stage B1 and B2, respectively. The presence of LRTD was prevalent in 74.6% (85/114) of small‐breed dogs with preclinical MMVD. When a previously reported criterion for CPE diagnosis (≥2 sites with >3 B‐lines/site) was applied, false‐positive results were observed in 15.8% (18/114) of dogs with preclinical MMVD. The summated number of B‐lines (3 vs. 1, P = .003), as well as the false‐positive rate (20% vs 3%, P = .04), were significantly higher in dogs with LRTD compared with dogs without LRTD. Multivariable logistic regression showed the presence of abnormalities other than B‐line on POC‐LUS (eg, thickened pleura or consolidation) could predict false‐positive results (odds ratio = 3.75, 95% confidence intervals 1.12‐12.54; P = .03) after adjustment for other clinical and echocardiographic factors. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Concurrent LRTD and abnormalities other than B‐lines should be considered in the interpretation of POC‐LUS in MMVD dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Cham Lam
- National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Lab of Small Animal Respiratory and Cardiovascular Medicine, TACS-Alliance Research Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hui Lin
- National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Lab of Small Animal Respiratory and Cardiovascular Medicine, TACS-Alliance Research Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ying Lo
- National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Lab of Small Animal Respiratory and Cardiovascular Medicine, TACS-Alliance Research Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Dong Wu
- Section of Respiratory Therapy, Department of Integrated Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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4
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Grigolato R, Accorona R, Lombardo G, Corrocher G, Garagiola U, Massari F, Nicoli S, Rossi S, Calabrese L. Oral cancer in non-smoker non-drinker patients. Could comparative pet oncology help to understand risk factors and pathogenesis? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 166:103458. [PMID: 34461267 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decades there has been a progressive increase in proportion of incidence of oral cancer not related to a known etiologic factor, such as the so-called "oral cancer in young", a relevant tumor in non-smoker non-drinker (NSND) patients. The topic is matter of long standing debate, and adequate study models to analyze this entity are lacking. Spontaneous oral cancer in companion animals such as dogs and cats, presents more clinical and biological similarities with the human oral cancer than any other animal model. In our review we analyze how the study of spontaneous oral cancer in common pets can prospectively prove to be of double usefulness in unraveling the question about the origin of oral cancer in NSND patients, allowing both the analysis of environmental and behavioral risk factors, and the study of how carcinogenic viruses, chronic inflammation, and changes in immunity can influence pre-tumoral and tumoral microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Grigolato
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, "San Maurizio" Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Remo Accorona
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Lombardo
- School of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics, and Gynecology (DIPSCOMI), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corrocher
- School of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics, and Gynecology (DIPSCOMI), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Umberto Garagiola
- Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences Department, Maxillofacial and Odontostomatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Sabrina Rossi
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Humanitas Cancer Center, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Calabrese
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, "San Maurizio" Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
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5
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Lo EJY, Schwarz T, Corcoran BM. Topographical distribution and radiographic pattern of lung lesions in canine eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:655-661. [PMID: 33739451 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the radiographic lung pattern and topographical distribution in canine eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for dogs diagnosed with eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy. Lateral thoracic radiographs were examined for the presence of increased radiopacity, classification of pattern, topography of lung changes (cranioventral, perihilar, caudodorsal, caudoventral) and severity of pulmonary lesions. RESULTS Forty-four cases were identified with the Labrador retriever being the most commonly affected breed; there was a mean age of 5 years and an equal gender distribution. Coughing was the most common clinical sign. Circulating eosinophilia was present in 39% of dogs, with a mean peripheral eosinophilia of 5.1×109 cells/L and a mean bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophilia of 40%. Eighty percent of dogs had an abnormal lung pattern in at least one of the four lung fields; the remaining had normal thoracic radiographs. The most common patterns were a bronchial and a bronchointerstitial pattern, with 41 and 89% distribution to the caudodorsal lung field, respectively. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE A bronchial and bronchointerstitial pattern are the most common radiographic lung patterns seen in canine eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy with these patterns most frequently topographically distributed to at least the caudodorsal lung field. Furthermore, within the caudodorsal lung field, a bronchointerstitial pattern predominates. This radiographic and topographical finding may allow eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy to take precedence on a differential diagnoses list before confirmatory bronchoalveolar lavage fluid sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Y Lo
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Mid-Lothian, Scotland, EH25 9RG, UK.,Drove Veterinary Hospital, 252 Croft Road, Swindon, SN1 4RW, UK
| | - T Schwarz
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Mid-Lothian, Scotland, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - B M Corcoran
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Mid-Lothian, Scotland, EH25 9RG, UK
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6
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Beltrán K, Pascon J, Mistieri M. Radiographic evaluation of tracheal collapse in dogs by compressive technique. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-11324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to verify the applicability of the compressive radiographic technique (pressures of 5, 10, 15 and 20mmHg) in the diagnosis of tracheal collapse in small breed dogs, in lateral cervicothoracic radiography. Out of the 50 dogs evaluated, 25 presented tracheal collapse (TG group), 23 did not present tracheal collapse (CG) and two were excluded because they did not tolerate a pressure of 20 mmHg. The TG group presented a smaller internal diameter of the trachea in the region of the fourth cervical vertebra (D4) and at the entrance of the thorax (TDE) compared to the CG group, in all the radiographic projections performed, as well as within the TG group where the compressive technique differed from conventional. Furthermore, there was a correlation between the clinical sign of coughing during cervical collar use and the presence of radiographic tracheal collapse at a pressure of 20 mmHg. It was concluded that the compressive radiographic technique was feasible and efficient in confirming the diagnosis of tracheal collapse in dogs, especially in the pressure of 20 mmHg, where it was associated with clinical signs, and can be used in isolation or complementary to the conventional technique.
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7
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Abstract
Cough is one of the most common complaints in human medicine. In veterinary medicine cough is equally frequent and plays a significant role in an owner's perception of their pet's quality of life. In human and veterinary medicine, therapy for chronic cough is often ineffective. The complexity of the cough pathway and species differences have made it difficult to develop an effective antitussive agent for veterinary patients. The few effective antitussive agents currently available are associated with significant adverse effects. Fortunately, several promising drugs currently being studied in human clinical trials may offer options for use of novel antitussive therapies in small animal patients. This article reviews current understanding about cough pathophysiology, diagnostic strategies used to uncover underlying etiology of cough, and examines available options for controlling cough, including novel antitussive therapies used in human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brisa M Hsieh
- Internal Medicine, Southern Arizona Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Center, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Alicia K Beets
- Internal Medicine, MedVet Medical and Cancer Centers for Pets, Metairie, LA, United States
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8
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Jeung SY, Sohn SJ, An JH, Chae HK, Li Q, Choi M, Yoon J, Song WJ, Youn HY. A retrospective study of theophylline-based therapy with tracheal collapse in small-breed dogs: 47 cases (2013-2017). J Vet Sci 2020; 20:e57. [PMID: 31565900 PMCID: PMC6769334 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2019.20.e57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Theophylline acts as a bronchodilator and has an anti-inflammatory effect. In addition, theophylline can be applied in patients where there are concerns regarding the side-effects of corticosteroids. This retrospective case series evaluated theophylline-based therapy in tracheal collapse (TC) canine patients. Forty-seven dogs with TC that received theophylline-based therapy during 2013–2017 were investigated. A fluoroscopic examination was performed to diagnose and grade TC. Theophylline was prescribed (7.5–30 mg/kg PO q12h) and the theophylline serum concentrations were measured. Coughing was assessed using a coughing scoring scale. The mean coughing score decreased after the theophylline-based therapy compared with that observed before treatment. Clinical improvements were observed in 46/47 patients (97.9%). As the intrathoracic TC grading increased, the final theophylline dosage also increased (p value 0.019). The symptom-free period (SFP) with therapy was 189.7 ± 194.45 days (range, 0–720 days) and there was no statistically significant correlation between the SFP and age, sex, or TC grade on fluoroscopy. Although theophylline has generally been used as a third-line treatment, it was used as the main treatment in this study and most patients showed improvements. Dogs have a wider therapeutic index of serum concentrations than humans, and any undesirable effects were easily overcome. With further research, this therapy may prove to be a useful approach, but its safety for long-term use in the treatment of canine TC patients needs to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Jeung
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sang June Sohn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ju Hyun An
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyung Kyu Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Qiang Li
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Mincheol Choi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Junghee Yoon
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Woo Jin Song
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Hwa Young Youn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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9
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Lin CH, Lo PY, Wu HD. An observational study of the role of indoor air pollution in pets with naturally acquired bronchial/lung disease. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:314-320. [PMID: 31901015 PMCID: PMC7397909 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Indoor air pollution (IAP) is an emerging issue for both human and veterinary patients under the concept of ‘One Health’. The association between IAP and respiratory disease in companion animals has been reported. Objectives The present study investigated the relationship between quantifiable indoor air quality and clinical characteristics of naturally acquired bronchial/lung disease in pet dogs and cats. Methods A total of 36 clinical cases (20 dogs and 16 cats) with naturally acquired bronchial/lung disease were prospectively recruited. Lower airway samples were collected and analysed, and clinical signs and the information from pulmonary function testing were examined. Indoor air quality was estimated by the average concentration of particles measuring ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5, μg/m3) and volatile organic compounds (VOC, ppm) in the animals’ domestic microenvironments. Results Exposure to IAP was not found to be correlated with the severity of clinical signs, pulmonary function changes or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology in cats with bronchial/lung disease. However, a hypercellular response in canine lower airways was found to be associated with poor indoor air quality, including unacceptable indoor PM2.5 levels (>35 μg/m3) or increases in VOC concentration (>1 ppm) in places most commonly frequented by the dogs in the home. Conclusions Poor indoor air quality may exacerbate airway disease in pets and should not be ignored in modern society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hui Lin
- National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ying Lo
- National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Dong Wu
- Section of Respiratory Therapy, Department of Integrated Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Abstract
Chronic bronchitis is a syndrome defined by cough on most days for at least 2 months for which no specific cause can be identified. Older small breed dogs are most commonly affected, but bronchitis can also be documented in midsized and larger breed dogs. Diagnostic testing includes physical examination, laboratory testing, radiography, and airway evaluation via bronchoscopy, cytology, and culture. Treatment is directed at reducing exposure to irritants, reducing airway inflammation, and controlling cough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Rozanski
- Section of Critical Care, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
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11
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Mortier JR, Mesquita L, Ferrandis I, McConnell JF, Maddox TW. Accuracy of and interobserver agreement regarding thoracic computed tomography for the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018; 253:757-762. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.253.6.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Lee J, Yun S, Lee I, Choi M, Yoon J. Fluoroscopic characteristics of tracheal collapse and cervical lung herniation in dogs: 222 cases (2012-2015). J Vet Sci 2018; 18:499-505. [PMID: 28057909 PMCID: PMC5746443 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2017.18.4.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This retrospective study included 222 dogs suspected to have tracheal collapse (TC) and examined between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2015. Fluoroscopic and radiographic images and medical records were evaluated to investigate the fluoroscopic characteristics of TC and cervical lung herniation (CLH), and to determine their relationships to various influencing. Grade of TC, existence of tracheal kinking, location of CLH (right or left side), and grade of CLH were evaluated fluoroscopically. One hundred ninety-nine dogs (89.6%) were diagnosed with TC. Presence of TC was not associated with the patients' cough history; however, CLH was positively correlated with cough history (odds ratio [OR], 2.896; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.556 to 5.390) and was affected by tracheal kinking (OR, 3.841; 95% CI, 1.884 to 7.831). Chronic cough was not related with CLH. Since TC can be observed in patients without a history of cough, presence of TC should be ruled out by using physical examination and diagnostic imaging. Although CLH is associated with a history of cough, it is a common appearance in dogs, and transient coughing can elicit CLH in patients without a history of cough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeosoon Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sookyung Yun
- College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Inhyung Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Mincheol Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Junghee Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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13
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Lin CH, Lo PY, Wu HD, Chang C, Wang LC. Association between indoor air pollution and respiratory disease in companion dogs and cats. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:1259-1267. [PMID: 29681128 PMCID: PMC5980393 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoor air pollution (IAP) leads to important respiratory morbidity and mortality in humans. Companion dogs and cats share the same household environment with their owners and are exposed to IAP. HYPOTHESIS Pets with respiratory disease are more commonly exposed to indoor air pollutants in their homes and to worse air quality than pets without respiratory disease. ANIMALS Three hundred and forty-eight animals (230 dogs and 118 cats) were recruited. METHODS Dogs and cats attending the National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital were prospectively enrolled over a 12-month period. Questionnaires were collected from pet owners regarding the status of signs of respiratory problem of animals and air pollutants in their homes. Clinical assessment was performed by veterinarians on all animals included in the case-control study and the presence/absence of respiratory disease and diagnoses were recorded. Individual exposure to particulate matter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) was estimated in the domestic microenvironment of the animals. RESULTS Dogs with respiratory disease were more commonly exposed to incense burning than control dogs (30 versus 13%, P = .045), but household PM2.5 level was not different between dogs with and without respiratory disease [median 30.8 μg/m3 , range 10.8-214.2 versus median 38.2 μg/m3 , range 5.4-69.4, P = .57]. Signalment factors (age, body weight, and body condition score) instead of IAP factors were associated with respiratory disease in dogs using multivariable logistic regression. In contrast, household PM2.5 level was significantly higher in cats with respiratory disease than in control cats [median 38.6 μg/m3 , range 17.8-131.2 versus median 27.4 μg/m3 , range 15.4-70.0, P = .017]. Cats living in households with PM2.5 > 35 μg/m3 were more likely to have respiratory disease than those living in households with acceptable levels of PM2.5 (OR = 4.13, 95% CI 1.12-15.27, P = .03). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The link between IAP and respiratory disease in dogs is complicated. An unacceptable level of household PM2.5 (>35 μg/m3 ) is significantly associated with respiratory disease in cats. The effect of IAP on the respiratory health of companion animals warrants further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hui Lin
- National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ying Lo
- National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Dong Wu
- Section of Respiratory Therapy, Department of Integrated Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chinhao Chang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Chiann Wang
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Grobman M, Reinero C. Investigation of Neurokinin‐1 Receptor Antagonism as a Novel Treatment for Chronic Bronchitis in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:847-52. [PMID: 26995558 PMCID: PMC4913560 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Grobman
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery College of Veterinary Medicine University of Missouri Columbia MO
| | - C. Reinero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery College of Veterinary Medicine University of Missouri Columbia MO
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Zhang Q, Qiu M, Lai K, Zhong N. Cough and environmental air pollution in China. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2015; 35:132-6. [PMID: 26467061 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
With fast-paced urbanization and increased energy consumption in rapidly industrialized modern China, the level of outdoor and indoor air pollution resulting from industrial and motor vehicle emissions has been increasing at an accelerated rate. Thus, there is a significant increase in the prevalence of respiratory symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and decreased pulmonary function. Experimental exposure research and epidemiological studies have indicated that exposure to particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and environmental tobacco smoke have a harmful influence on development of respiratory diseases and are significantly associated with cough and wheeze. This review mainly discusses the effect of air pollutants on respiratory health, particularly with respect to cough, the links between air pollutants and microorganisms, and air pollutant sources. Particular attention is paid to studies in urban areas of China where the levels of ambient and indoor air pollution are significantly higher than World Health Organization recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases (Guangzhou Medical University) 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
| | - Minzhi Qiu
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases (Guangzhou Medical University) 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Kefang Lai
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases (Guangzhou Medical University) 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases (Guangzhou Medical University) 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
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16
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Yamaya Y, Sugiya H, Watari T. Methylation of free-floating deoxyribonucleic acid fragments in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of dogs with chronic bronchitis exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Ir Vet J 2015; 68:7. [PMID: 25937920 PMCID: PMC4417338 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-015-0035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The etiology of canine chronic bronchitis (CB) is not completely understood, although exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) affects the airway inflammatory responses in some dogs with CB. The mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. Findings We investigated the concentrations and methylation rates of free-floating DNA fragments in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from dogs with chronic bronchitis. Based on serum cotinine levels, dogs with CB were divided into 2 groups: dogs that either had or had not been exposed to ETS. Our results demonstrated that the total nucleated cell and macrophage numbers increased in BALF of ETS-exposed dogs with CB. There were no significant differences in DNA concentrations and methylation rates in BALF between the 2 groups. However, 3 out of 8 dogs exposed to ETS had high DNA methylation rates in their BALF samples. Conclusion Our results suggest that ETS exposure leads to epigenetic modifications of cellular components in BALF in dogs diagnosed with CB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Yamaya
- Laboratory of Comprehensive Veterinary Clinical Studies, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Toshihiro Watari
- Laboratory of Comprehensive Veterinary Clinical Studies, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, Kanagawa Japan
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17
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Abstract
Chronic bronchitis is a syndrome defined by cough on most days for at least 2 months where no specific cause can be identified. Older small breed dogs are most commonly affected, but bronchitis is also documented in midsized and larger breed dogs. Diagnostic testing includes physical examination, laboratory testing, radiography, and airway evaluation via bronchoscopy, cytology, and culture. Treatment is directed at reducing exposure to irritants, reducing airway inflammation, and controlling cough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Rozanski
- Section of Critical Care, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
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18
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Pérez N, Berrío A, Jaramillo JE, Urrego R, Arias MP. Exposure to cigarette smoke causes DNA damage in oropharyngeal tissue in dogs. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 769:13-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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19
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Yamaya Y, Sugiya H, Watari T. Tobacco exposure increased airway limitation in dogs with chronic cough. Vet Rec 2013; 174:18. [PMID: 24285008 PMCID: PMC3913206 DOI: 10.1136/vr.101810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Yamaya
- Laboratory of Comprehensive Veterinary Clinical Studies, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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20
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Nafe LA, Robertson ID, Hawkins EC. Cervical lung lobe herniation in dogs identified by fluoroscopy. THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 2013; 54:955-959. [PMID: 24155415 PMCID: PMC3781426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the frequency of cervical lung lobe herniation (CLLH) in dogs evaluated fluoroscopically and to identify associated characteristics. Reports of diagnostic procedures and patient summaries from 2008 to 2010 were reviewed retrospectively. Signalment, body weight, duration of cough, presence of heart murmur and airway collapse, and radiographic findings were compared between dogs with and without CLLH. Of the 121 dogs that were examined, CLLH occurred in 85 (70%). The extra-thoracic trachea kinked during herniation in 33 (39%) dogs with CLLH. Collapse of the intra-thoracic trachea (assessed fluoroscopically or bronchoscopically) and collapse of major bronchi (assessed fluoroscopically) were strongly associated with CLLH. Although redundant dorsal tracheal membrane on radiographs was associated with CLLH, extra-thoracic tracheal collapse, assessed fluoroscopically or bronchoscopically, was not. No other associations were found. Cervical lung lobe herniation was present in most dogs evaluated during cough and was associated with intra-thoracic large airway collapse, but not duration of cough.
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21
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Bottero E, Bellino C, De Lorenzi D, Ruggiero P, Tarducci A, D'Angelo A, Gianella P. Clinical Evaluation and Endoscopic Classification of Bronchomalacia in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:840-6. [DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. Bottero
- Poliambulatorio Veterinario Argentina; Imperia Italy
| | - C. Bellino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Turin; Grugliasco Italy
| | - D. De Lorenzi
- Veterinary Hospital “I Portoni Rossi”; Bologna Italy
| | - P. Ruggiero
- Centro Veterinario Specialistico; Roma Italy
| | - A. Tarducci
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Turin; Grugliasco Italy
| | - A. D'Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Turin; Grugliasco Italy
| | - P. Gianella
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Turin; Grugliasco Italy
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22
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Knottenbelt CM, Bawazeer S, Hammond J, Mellor D, Watson DG. Nicotine hair concentrations in dogs exposed to environmental tobacco smoke: a pilot study. J Small Anim Pract 2012; 53:623-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2012.01284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Knottenbelt
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow G61 1QH
| | - S. Bawazeer
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow G61 1QH
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences; University of Strathclyde; 161, Cathedral Street Glasgow G4 0RE
| | - J. Hammond
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow G61 1QH
| | - D. Mellor
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow G61 1QH
| | - D. G. Watson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow G61 1QH
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences; University of Strathclyde; 161, Cathedral Street Glasgow G4 0RE
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Madsen MF, Granström S, Toft N, Houe H, Willesen JL, Koch J. Prevalence of respiratory signs and identification of risk factors for respiratory morbidity in Swedish Yorkshire terriers. Vet Rec 2012; 170:565. [PMID: 22368163 DOI: 10.1136/vr.100347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Yorkshire terriers may be prone to respiratory disease; however, limited epidemiological information is available. A cross-sectional study design was used to compare the prevalence of respiratory signs in Yorkshire terriers with the prevalence in a population of dogs in general and to identify risk factors for respiratory clinical signs within the Swedish population of Yorkshire terriers. Data on clinical signs and risk factors were obtained from a questionnaire. The prevalence of respiratory signs in general (RS) was significantly higher among Yorkshire terriers compared with control dogs (RS 56.3 per cent and 23.0 per cent), and likewise more frequent respiratory signs (FRS) (26.0 per cent and 5.0 per cent). Age, sex and breed were shown to be significant risk factors, and an interaction between age and sex was discovered. The study indicated a sex ratio reversal in the prevalence of RS - the probability of females having RS increased with advancing age, while the probability for males was fairly constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Madsen
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 5 Hoejbakkegaard Allé, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
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