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Goderis S, Sato H, Ferrière L, Schmitz B, Burney D, Kaskes P, Vellekoop J, Wittmann A, Schulz T, Chernonozhkin SM, Claeys P, de Graaff SJ, Déhais T, de Winter NJ, Elfman M, Feignon JG, Ishikawa A, Koeberl C, Kristiansson P, Neal CR, Owens JD, Schmieder M, Sinnesael M, Vanhaecke F, Van Malderen SJM, Bralower TJ, Gulick SPS, Kring DA, Lowery CM, Morgan JV, Smit J, Whalen MT. Globally distributed iridium layer preserved within the Chicxulub impact structure. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/9/eabe3647. [PMID: 33627429 PMCID: PMC7904271 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe3647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction is marked globally by elevated concentrations of iridium, emplaced by a hypervelocity impact event 66 million years ago. Here, we report new data from four independent laboratories that reveal a positive iridium anomaly within the peak-ring sequence of the Chicxulub impact structure, in drill core recovered by IODP-ICDP Expedition 364. The highest concentration of ultrafine meteoritic matter occurs in the post-impact sediments that cover the crater peak ring, just below the lowermost Danian pelagic limestone. Within years to decades after the impact event, this part of the Chicxulub impact basin returned to a relatively low-energy depositional environment, recording in unprecedented detail the recovery of life during the succeeding millennia. The iridium layer provides a key temporal horizon precisely linking Chicxulub to K-Pg boundary sections worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Goderis
- Analytical, Environmental, and Geochemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Honami Sato
- Department of Geosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Submarine Resources Research Center, Research Institute for Marine Resources Utilization, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Birger Schmitz
- Astrogeobiology Laboratory, Division of Nuclear Physics, Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Burney
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Pim Kaskes
- Analytical, Environmental, and Geochemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratoire G-Time, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johan Vellekoop
- Analytical, Environmental, and Geochemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Geology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Axel Wittmann
- Eyring Materials Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Toni Schulz
- Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institut für Geologie und Mineralogie, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Stepan M Chernonozhkin
- Atomic and Mass Spectrometry-A&MS research group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philippe Claeys
- Analytical, Environmental, and Geochemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sietze J de Graaff
- Analytical, Environmental, and Geochemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratoire G-Time, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Déhais
- Analytical, Environmental, and Geochemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratoire G-Time, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Niels J de Winter
- Analytical, Environmental, and Geochemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mikael Elfman
- Astrogeobiology Laboratory, Division of Nuclear Physics, Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Akira Ishikawa
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Submarine Resources Research Center, Research Institute for Marine Resources Utilization, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Christian Koeberl
- Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Per Kristiansson
- Astrogeobiology Laboratory, Division of Nuclear Physics, Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Clive R Neal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Jeremy D Owens
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Martin Schmieder
- HNU Neu-Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Neu-Ulm, Germany
- Lunar and Planetary Institute-USRA, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthias Sinnesael
- Analytical, Environmental, and Geochemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Frank Vanhaecke
- Atomic and Mass Spectrometry-A&MS research group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn J M Van Malderen
- Atomic and Mass Spectrometry-A&MS research group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Timothy J Bralower
- Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sean P S Gulick
- Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Center for Planetary Systems Habitability, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - David A Kring
- Lunar and Planetary Institute-USRA, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Joanna V Morgan
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jan Smit
- Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michael T Whalen
- Department of Geosciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
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Squyres SW, Arvidson RE, Bell JF, Calef F, Clark BC, Cohen BA, Crumpler LA, de Souza PA, Farrand WH, Gellert R, Grant J, Herkenhoff KE, Hurowitz JA, Johnson JR, Jolliff BL, Knoll AH, Li R, McLennan SM, Ming DW, Mittlefehldt DW, Parker TJ, Paulsen G, Rice MS, Ruff SW, Schroder C, Yen AS, Zacny K. Ancient Impact and Aqueous Processes at Endeavour Crater, Mars. Science 2012; 336:570-6. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1220476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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