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Capooci M, Vargas R. Diel and seasonal patterns of soil CO 2 efflux in a temperate tidal marsh. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149715. [PMID: 34461472 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tidal marshes store large amounts of carbon; however, little is known about the patterns, magnitudes, and biophysical drivers that regulate CO2 efflux from these ecosystems. Due to harsh environmental conditions (e.g., flooding), it is difficult to measure continuous soil CO2 efflux in tidal marshes. These data are necessary to inform empirical and process-based models and to better quantify carbon budgets. We performed automated (30 min) and manual (bi-monthly) soil CO2 efflux measurements, for ~20 months, at two sites in a temperate tidal marsh: tall Spartina (TS; dominated by S. cynosuroides) and short Spartina (SS; dominated by S. alterniflora). These measurements were coupled with water quality, canopy spectral reflectance, and meteorological measurements. There were no consistent diel patterns of soil CO2 efflux, suggesting a decoupling of soil CO2 efflux with diel variations in temperature and tides (i.e., water level) showing a hysteresis effect. Mean soil CO2 efflux was significantly higher at SS (2.15 ± 1.60 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1) than at TS (0.55 ± 0.80 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1), highlighting distinct biogeochemical spatial variability. At the annual scale, air temperature explained >50% of the variability in soil CO2 efflux at both sites; and water level and salinity were secondary drivers of soil CO2 efflux at SS and TS, respectively. Annual soil CO2 efflux varied from 287-876 to 153-211 g C m-2 y-1 at SS and TS, respectively, but manual measurements underestimated the annual flux by <67% at SS and <23% at TS. These results suggest that measuring and modeling diel soil CO2 efflux variability in tidal marshes may be more challenging than previously expected and highlight large discrepancies between manual and automated soil CO2 efflux measurements. New technical approaches are needed to implement long-term automated measurements of soil CO2 efflux across wetlands to properly estimate the carbon balance of these ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Capooci
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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Bond‐Lamberty B, Christianson DS, Malhotra A, Pennington SC, Sihi D, AghaKouchak A, Anjileli H, Altaf Arain M, Armesto JJ, Ashraf S, Ataka M, Baldocchi D, Andrew Black T, Buchmann N, Carbone MS, Chang S, Crill P, Curtis PS, Davidson EA, Desai AR, Drake JE, El‐Madany TS, Gavazzi M, Görres C, Gough CM, Goulden M, Gregg J, Gutiérrez del Arroyo O, He J, Hirano T, Hopple A, Hughes H, Järveoja J, Jassal R, Jian J, Kan H, Kaye J, Kominami Y, Liang N, Lipson D, Macdonald CA, Maseyk K, Mathes K, Mauritz M, Mayes MA, McNulty S, Miao G, Migliavacca M, Miller S, Miniat CF, Nietz JG, Nilsson MB, Noormets A, Norouzi H, O’Connell CS, Osborne B, Oyonarte C, Pang Z, Peichl M, Pendall E, Perez‐Quezada JF, Phillips CL, Phillips RP, Raich JW, Renchon AA, Ruehr NK, Sánchez‐Cañete EP, Saunders M, Savage KE, Schrumpf M, Scott RL, Seibt U, Silver WL, Sun W, Szutu D, Takagi K, Takagi M, Teramoto M, Tjoelker MG, Trumbore S, Ueyama M, Vargas R, Varner RK, Verfaillie J, Vogel C, Wang J, Winston G, Wood TE, Wu J, Wutzler T, Zeng J, Zha T, Zhang Q, Zou J. COSORE: A community database for continuous soil respiration and other soil-atmosphere greenhouse gas flux data. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:7268-7283. [PMID: 33026137 PMCID: PMC7756728 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Globally, soils store two to three times as much carbon as currently resides in the atmosphere, and it is critical to understand how soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and uptake will respond to ongoing climate change. In particular, the soil-to-atmosphere CO2 flux, commonly though imprecisely termed soil respiration (RS ), is one of the largest carbon fluxes in the Earth system. An increasing number of high-frequency RS measurements (typically, from an automated system with hourly sampling) have been made over the last two decades; an increasing number of methane measurements are being made with such systems as well. Such high frequency data are an invaluable resource for understanding GHG fluxes, but lack a central database or repository. Here we describe the lightweight, open-source COSORE (COntinuous SOil REspiration) database and software, that focuses on automated, continuous and long-term GHG flux datasets, and is intended to serve as a community resource for earth sciences, climate change syntheses and model evaluation. Contributed datasets are mapped to a single, consistent standard, with metadata on contributors, geographic location, measurement conditions and ancillary data. The design emphasizes the importance of reproducibility, scientific transparency and open access to data. While being oriented towards continuously measured RS , the database design accommodates other soil-atmosphere measurements (e.g. ecosystem respiration, chamber-measured net ecosystem exchange, methane fluxes) as well as experimental treatments (heterotrophic only, etc.). We give brief examples of the types of analyses possible using this new community resource and describe its accompanying R software package.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Bond‐Lamberty
- Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryJoint Global Change Research Institute at the University of Maryland–College ParkCollege ParkMDUSA
| | | | - Avni Malhotra
- Department of Earth System ScienceStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
| | - Stephanie C. Pennington
- Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryJoint Global Change Research Institute at the University of Maryland–College ParkCollege ParkMDUSA
| | - Debjani Sihi
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
- Present address:
Department of Environmental SciencesEmory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Amir AghaKouchak
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - Hassan Anjileli
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - M. Altaf Arain
- School of Geography and Earth SciencesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Juan J. Armesto
- Departamento de EcologíaPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
- Instituto de Ecología y BiodiversidadSantiagoChile
| | - Samaneh Ashraf
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental EngineeringConcordia UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Mioko Ataka
- Research Institute for Sustainable HumanosphereKyoto UniversityUji CityKyotoJapan
| | - Dennis Baldocchi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Thomas Andrew Black
- Faculty of Land and Food SystemsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceInstitute of Agricultural SciencesETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Mariah S. Carbone
- Center for Ecosystem Science and SocietyNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZUSA
| | - Shih‐Chieh Chang
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental StudiesCenter for Interdisciplinary Research on Ecology and SustainabilityNational Dong Hwa UniversityHualienTaiwan
| | - Patrick Crill
- Department of Geological Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Peter S. Curtis
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal BiologyOhio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Eric A. Davidson
- Appalachian LaboratoryUniversity of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceFrostburgMDUSA
| | - Ankur R. Desai
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - John E. Drake
- Sustainable Resources ManagementSUNY‐ESFSyracuseNYUSA
| | | | - Michael Gavazzi
- Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment CenterUSDA Forest ServiceResearch Triangle ParkNCUSA
| | | | | | | | - Jillian Gregg
- Sustainability Double Degree ProgramOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | | | - Jin‐Sheng He
- Institute of EcologyCollege of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Takashi Hirano
- Research Faculty of AgricultureHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Anya Hopple
- Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWAUSA
- Smithsonian Environmental Research CenterEdgewaterMDUSA
| | - Holly Hughes
- School of Forest ResourcesUniversity of MaineOronoMEUSA
| | - Järvi Järveoja
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Rachhpal Jassal
- Faculty of Land and Food SystemsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Jinshi Jian
- Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryJoint Global Change Research Institute at the University of Maryland–College ParkCollege ParkMDUSA
| | - Haiming Kan
- Beijing Research & Development Centre for Grass and EnvironmentBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jason Kaye
- The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Yuji Kominami
- Forestry and Forest Products Research InstituteTsukuba‐cityJapan
| | - Naishen Liang
- Center for Global Environmental ResearchNational Institute for Environmental StudiesTsukubaJapan
| | - David Lipson
- Biology DepartmentSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCAUSA
| | - Catriona A. Macdonald
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSWAustralia
| | - Kadmiel Maseyk
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem SciencesThe Open UniversityMilton KeynesUK
| | - Kayla Mathes
- Integrated Life SciencesVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
| | | | - Melanie A. Mayes
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Steve McNulty
- Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment CenterUSDA Forest ServiceResearch Triangle ParkNCUSA
| | - Guofang Miao
- School of Geographical SciencesFujian Normal UniversityFuzhouP.R. China
| | | | - Scott Miller
- University at AlbanyState University of New YorkNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Chelcy F. Miniat
- USDA Forest ServiceSouthern Research StationCoweeta Hydrologic LabOttoNCUSA
| | - Jennifer G. Nietz
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal BiologyOhio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Mats B. Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Asko Noormets
- Department of Ecology and Conservation BiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Hamidreza Norouzi
- New York City College of Technology and the Graduate CenterThe City University of New YorkNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Christine S. O’Connell
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
- Department of Environmental StudiesMacalester CollegeSt PaulMNUSA
| | - Bruce Osborne
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science and UCD Earth InstituteUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | | | - Zhuo Pang
- Beijing Research & Development Centre for Grass and EnvironmentBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Matthias Peichl
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Elise Pendall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSWAustralia
| | - Jorge F. Perez‐Quezada
- Department of Environmental Science and Renewable Natural ResourcesUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Institute of Ecology and BiodiversitySantiagoChile
| | - Claire L. Phillips
- USDA Agricultural Research ServiceForage Seed and Cereal Research UnitCorvallisORUSA
| | | | - James W. Raich
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Organismal BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA
| | - Alexandre A. Renchon
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSWAustralia
| | - Nadine K. Ruehr
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research–Atmospheric Environmental ResearchKIT‐Campus AlpinKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyGarmisch‐PartenkirchenGermany
| | | | - Matthew Saunders
- School of Natural SciencesBotany DepartmentTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | | | | | | | - Ulli Seibt
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Whendee L. Silver
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Wu Sun
- Department of Global EcologyCarnegie Institution for ScienceStanfordCAUSA
| | - Daphne Szutu
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Kentaro Takagi
- Field Science Center for Northern BiosphereHokkaido UniversityHoronobeJapan
| | | | - Munemasa Teramoto
- Center for Global Environmental ResearchNational Institute for Environmental StudiesTsukubaJapan
- Present address:
Arid Land Research CenterTottori UniversityTottori680–0001Japan
| | - Mark G. Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSWAustralia
| | | | - Masahito Ueyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesOsaka Prefecture UniversitySakaiJapan
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Plant and Soil SciencesUniversity of DelawareNewarkDEUSA
| | - Ruth K. Varner
- Department of Earth Sciences and Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and SpaceUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA
| | - Joseph Verfaillie
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | | | - Jinsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Greg Winston
- Department of Science, Engineering and MathematicsCypress CollegeCypressCAUSA
| | - Tana E. Wood
- USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical ForestryRío PiedrasPuerto Rico
| | - Juying Wu
- Beijing Research & Development Centre for Grass and EnvironmentBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | - Jiye Zeng
- Center for Global Environmental ResearchNational Institute for Environmental StudiesTsukubaJapan
| | - Tianshan Zha
- School of Soil and Water ConservationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingP.R. China
| | - Quan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering ScienceWuhan UniversityWuhanP.R. China
| | - Junliang Zou
- Beijing Research & Development Centre for Grass and EnvironmentBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
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Kim Y, Park SJ, Lee BY, Risk D. Continuous measurement of soil carbon efflux with Forced Diffusion (FD) chambers in a tundra ecosystem of Alaska. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 566-567:175-184. [PMID: 27220095 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Soil is a significant source of CO2 emission to the atmosphere, and this process is accelerating at high latitudes due to rapidly changing climates. To investigate the sensitivity of soil CO2 emissions to high temporal frequency variations in climate, we performed continuous monitoring of soil CO2 efflux using Forced Diffusion (FD) chambers at half-hour intervals, across three representative Alaskan soil cover types with underlying permafrost. These sites were established during the growing season of 2015, on the Seward Peninsula of western Alaska. Our chamber system is conceptually similar to a dynamic chamber, though FD is more durable and water-resistant and consumes less power, lending itself to remote deployments. We first conducted methodological tests, testing different frequencies of measurement, and did not observe a significant difference between collecting data at 30-min and 10-min measurement intervals (averaged half-hourly) (p<0.001). Temperature and thaw depth, meanwhile, are important parameters in influencing soil carbon emission. At the study sites, we observed cumulative soil CO2 emissions of 62.0, 126.3, and 133.5gCm(-2) for the growing period, in sphagnum, lichen, and tussock, respectively, corresponding to 83.8, 63.7, and 79.6% of annual carbon emissions. Growing season soil carbon emissions extrapolated over the region equated to 0.17±0.06 MgC over the measurement period. This was 47% higher than previous estimates from coarse-resolution manual chamber sampling, presumably because it better captured high efflux events. This finding demonstrates how differences in measurement method and frequency can impact interpretations of seasonal and annual soil carbon budgets. We conclude that annual CO2 efflux-measurements using FD chamber networks would be an effective means for quantifying growing and non-growing season soil carbon budgets, with optimal pairing with time-lapse imagery for tracking local and regional changes in environment and climate in a warming Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwon Kim
- International Arctic Research Center (IARC), University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF), Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA.
| | - Sang-Jong Park
- Division of Polar Climate Research, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Bang-Yong Lee
- Arctic Research Center, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea.
| | - David Risk
- Department of Earth Sciences, St. Francis Xavier University, Nova Scotia, B2G 2W5, Canada
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