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Aslam J, Ali HM, Hussain S, Ahmad MZ, Siddique AB, Shahid M, Shahzad MI, Fatima H, Tariq S, Sadiq F, Aslam M, Farooq U, Zia S, Aljaluod RS, Alarjani KM. Effectiveness of cephalosporins in hydrolysis and inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli biofilms. J Vet Sci 2024; 25:e47. [PMID: 38834515 PMCID: PMC11156599 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.23258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli contribute to global health challenges by forming biofilms, a key virulence element implicated in the pathogenesis of several infections. OBJECTIVE The study examined the efficacy of various generations of cephalosporins against biofilms developed by pathogenic S. aureus and E. coli. METHODS The development of biofilms by both bacteria was assessed using petri-plate and microplate methods. Biofilm hydrolysis and inhibition were tested using first to fourth generations of cephalosporins, and the effects were analyzed by crystal violet staining and phase contrast microscopy. RESULTS Both bacterial strains exhibited well-developed biofilms in petri-plate and microplate assays. Cefradine (first generation) showed 76.78% hydrolysis of S. aureus biofilm, while significant hydrolysis (59.86%) of E. coli biofilm was observed by cefipime (fourth generation). Similarly, cefuroxime, cefadroxil, cefepime, and cefradine caused 78.8%, 71.63%, 70.63%, and 70.51% inhibition of the S. aureus biofilms, respectively. In the case of E. coli, maximum biofilm inhibition (66.47%) was again shown by cefepime. All generations of cephalosporins were more effective against S. aureus than E. coli, which was confirmed by phase contrast microscopy. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Cephalosporins exhibit dual capabilities of hydrolyzing and inhibiting S. aureus and E. coli biofilms. First-generation cephalosporins exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against S. aureus, while the third and fourth generations significantly inhibited E. coli biofilms. This study highlights the importance of tailored antibiotic strategies based on the biofilm characteristics of specific bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawaria Aslam
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Ali
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Shujaat Hussain
- PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | | | - Abu Baker Siddique
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Mirza Imran Shahzad
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hina Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sarah Tariq
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Sadiq
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Maria Aslam
- Department of Computer Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Umar Farooq
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Saadiya Zia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rawa Saad Aljaluod
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaloud Mohammed Alarjani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Beggan CP, Quinn GC, D'Amours GH. Mammary tubulopapillary carcinoma in a mare, requiring bilateral mastectomy. N Z Vet J 2023; 71:344-347. [PMID: 37648243 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2023.2246932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C P Beggan
- Waikato Equine Veterinary Centre, Cambridge, New Zealand
- Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - G C Quinn
- Waikato Equine Veterinary Centre, Cambridge, New Zealand
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Tyrnenopoulou P, Fthenakis GC. Clinical Aspects of Bacterial Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance in the Reproductive System of Equids. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040664. [PMID: 37107026 PMCID: PMC10135018 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic administration is a standard therapeutic practice for the treatment of reproductive disorders of equids. This might lead to undesirable microbial imbalance and could favour the acquisition of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, it is imperative for clinicians to understand patterns of antibiotic resistance when considering and developing treatment regimes. Continued engagement of clinicians with novel alternative approaches to treat reproductive infections would be essential in order to address this rising threat within the One Health perspective. The objectives of the present review were to present the bacterial infections in the reproductive system of equids (horses, donkeys), to upraise the literature related to the issue of antibiotic resistance of bacteria causing these infections and to discuss the topic from a clinical perspective. Initially, the review summarised the various infections of the reproductive system of equids (genital system of females, genital system of males, mammary glands) and the causal bacteria, providing relevant information about horses and donkeys. Subsequently, the clinical therapeutics of these infections were presented, taking into account the significance of antibiotic resistance of bacteria as a limiting factor in treating the infections. Finally, approaches to circumvent antibiotic resistance in clinical settings were summarized. It was concluded that awareness regarding antibiotic resistance in equine reproductive medicine would increase, as we would recognise the multifaceted problem of resistance. Actions and initiatives within the One Health approach, minimizing the potential dissemination of resistant strains to humans and to the environment, with specific applications in medicine of equids should be appropriately instituted internationally.
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Vandekerckhove L, Raes E, De Jonge B, Neuckermans Z, Vanderperren K. Botryomycosis‐like discospondylitis of the thoracic spine in a Friesian horse with severe bilateral pelvic limb ataxia and paresis. EQUINE VET EDUC 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Louis Vandekerckhove
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopaedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Els Raes
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopaedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Bert De Jonge
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Zoé Neuckermans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Katrien Vanderperren
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopaedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium
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Ciccarelli M, Tibary A, Ragle C. Mammary botryomycosis and hemimastectomy in a post‐partum Welsh Pony mare. EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ciccarelli
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University Pullman Washington USA
| | - A. Tibary
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University Pullman Washington USA
| | - C. Ragle
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University Pullman Washington USA
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Gratwick Z, Frean J, Plessis D, Hewetson M, Schwan V. A case of verminous mastitis in a mare. EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Gratwick
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies University of Pretoria OnderstepoortSouth Africa
| | - J. Frean
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases (Division of the National Health Laboratory Service) University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
| | - D. Plessis
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases (Division of the National Health Laboratory Service) University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
| | - M. Hewetson
- Department of Clinical Science and Services The Royal Veterinary College Hertfordshire UK
| | - V. Schwan
- Department of Tropical Diseases University of Pretoria Onderstepoort South Africa
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Abstract
An understanding of the anatomy, histology, and development of the equine mammary gland underpins study of the pathology of diseases including galactorrhoea, agalactia, mastitis, and mammary tumour development. This review examines the prenatal development of the equine mammary gland and the striking degree to which the tissue undergoes postnatal development associated with the reproductive cycle. The gland is characterised by epithelial structures arranged in terminal duct lobular units, similar to those of the human breast, supported by distinct zones of intra- and interlobular collagenous stroma. Mastitis and mammary carcinomas are two of the most frequently described equine mammary pathologies and have an overlap in associated clinical signs. Mastitis is most frequently associated with bacterial aetiologies, particularly Streptococcus spp., and knowledge of the process of post-lactational regression can be applied to preventative husbandry strategies. Equine mammary tumours are rare and carry a poor prognosis in many cases. Recent studies have used mammosphere assays to reveal novel insights into the identification and potential behaviour of mammary stem/progenitor cell populations. These suggest that mammospheres derived from equine cells have different growth dynamics compared to those from other species. In parallel with studying the equine mammary gland in order to advance knowledge of equine mammary disease at the interface of basic and clinical science, there is a need to better understand equine lactational biology. This is driven in part by the recognition of the potential value of horse and donkey milk for human consumption, particularly donkey milk in children with 'Cow Milk Protein Allergy'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Hughes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Merchan A, Jose-Cunilleras E, Prades M, Ribera T, Viu J, Rodríguez-Pozo ML, Ramis AJ. Oropharyngeal botryomycosis in a geriatric mare. EQUINE VET EDUC 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Merchan
- Unitat Equina; Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals; Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari; Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Spain
| | - E. Jose-Cunilleras
- Unitat Equina; Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals; Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari; Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Spain
| | - M. Prades
- Unitat Equina; Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals; Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari; Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Spain
| | - T. Ribera
- Unitat Equina; Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals; Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari; Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Spain
| | - J. Viu
- Unitat Equina; Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals; Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari; Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Spain
| | - M. L. Rodríguez-Pozo
- Unitat Equina; Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals; Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari; Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Spain
| | - A. J. Ramis
- Servei de Diagnòstic de Patologia Veterinària; Departament d'Anatomia i Sanitat Animal; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Spain
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Loader H, Lawrence KE, Brangenburg N, Munday JS. Cutaneous botryomycosis in a crossbred domestic pig. N Z Vet J 2018; 66:216-218. [DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2018.1464976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Loader
- NorCal Veterinary Services Pearces Yard Aylesbury Road Thame OxfordshireEngland
| | - KE Lawrence
- School of Veterinary Science Massey University Private Bag 11222 Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand
| | - N Brangenburg
- Longbush Pork 822 Longbush Road Carterton New Zealand
| | - JS Munday
- Department of Pathobiology School of Veterinary Science Massey University Private Bag 11222 Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand
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Belli C, Fonte J, Torres L, Gondin M, Maiorka P, Fernandes C. Mammary botryomycosis: two concomitant cases in mares: case report. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mammary disorders in mares are rare and usually only one animal per paddock is affected. In this report, two mares with 7 and 9 years old, were concomitantly diagnosis of chronic pyogranulomatous mastitis, associated with the Splendore-Hoeppli reaction, indicative of botryomycosis a rare, chronic suppurative disease with microabscess formation, characterized by in vivo formation of eosinophilic materials around microorganisms or biologically inert material. Various bacteria can cause botryomycosis in horses, and the most frequently isolated one is Staphylococcus sp., particularly S. aureus. This report confirms the role of Staphylococcus sp.; however, specifically S. hyicus and S. cohnii that prior to the current report, had not been associated with cases of botryomycosis.
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Pulmonary Botryomycosis Secondary to Septic Funiculitis in a Pony. J Equine Vet Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Boyen F, Smet A, Hermans K, Butaye P, Martens A, Martel A, Haesebrouck F. Methicillin resistant staphylococci and broad-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in horses. Vet Microbiol 2013; 167:67-77. [PMID: 23759364 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of β-lactam antibiotics results in the selection of bacteria showing resistance toward this class of antibiotics. The review focuses on the increasing importance of methicillin resistant staphylococci and broad-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in horses. Diagnostic protocols that optimize accurate identification of these bacteria from both clinical samples and samples obtained from putative carrier animals are described. In addition, the opportunities and pitfalls for preventive and curative measures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Boyen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Johns IC, Finding EJT, Ciasca T, Erles K, Smith K, Weller R. Intracranial botryomycosis in a mature horse. EQUINE VET EDUC 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2012.00453.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. C. Johns
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; The Equine Referral Hospital; Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
| | - E. J. T. Finding
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; The Equine Referral Hospital; Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
| | - T. Ciasca
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; The Equine Referral Hospital; Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
| | - K. Erles
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases; Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
| | - K. Smith
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases; Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
| | - R. Weller
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; The Equine Referral Hospital; Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
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Cudmore LA, Groenendyk JC, Hodge P, Church S. Pyogranulomatous lesion causing neurological signs localised to the sacral region in a horse. Aust Vet J 2012; 90:392-4. [PMID: 23004230 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2012.00982.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This case report describes neurological signs associated with a pyogranulomatous lesion within the sacral vertebral canal of a horse. The clinical findings included urinary overflow incontinence and reduced anal, perianal and tail tone. The horse failed to respond to medical management and a guarded prognosis for return to athletic performance initiated the decision for euthanasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Cudmore
- University of Melbourne Veterinary Equine Centre, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia.
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