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Mathys R, Graubner C, Kaiponen T, Grau‐Roma L, Van der Vekens E, Koch C, Brünisholz H. Duodenoduodenal intussusception in a 16‐year‐old German Warmblood mare. EQUINE VET EDUC 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Mathys
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Claudia Graubner
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Taina Kaiponen
- Institute of Animal Pathology University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | | | - Elke Van der Vekens
- Division of Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Christoph Koch
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Hervé Brünisholz
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern Bern Switzerland
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2
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Leventhal HR, Hassebroek AM, Carvallo F, McKenzie HC. Small intestinal pseudodiverticulosis in a pony mare. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:1123-1127. [PMID: 34293994 DOI: 10.1177/10406387211032001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 14-y-old pony mare was referred after 30-d duration of intermittent pyrexia, anorexia, weight loss, and change in manure consistency. Physical examination revealed a palpable but reducible ventral abdominal mass. Transabdominal ultrasonography revealed multiple distended, hypomotile, and thickened small intestinal loops in close approximation with numerous, well-defined, hyperechoic masses. There was a large amount of echogenic peritoneal fluid; abdominocentesis revealed a neutrophilic and macrophagic inflammatory exudate, and a mixed bacterial population was cultured. Given the poor prognosis, the mare was euthanized. The autopsy findings included a large abdominal abscess, serosanguineous peritoneal fluid with fibrin strands, and ~50 outpouches communicating with the lumen and extending from the anti-mesenteric aspect of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. These structures were classified as pseudodiverticula based on the histologic absence of the tunica muscularis layer of the intestinal wall. Pseudodiverticula should be included as a differential etiology in horses when clinical signs consistent with colic, diarrhea, or weight loss are recognized and, when on examination, one or more organized masses are palpated or visualized on transabdominal ultrasound, as well as visualization of small intestinal loops with thickened walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Leventhal
- Departments of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Anna M Hassebroek
- Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Francisco Carvallo
- Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Harold C McKenzie
- Departments of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Bacci B, Stent AW, Walmsley EA. Equine Intestinal Lymphoma: Clinical-Pathological Features, Immunophenotype, and Survival. Vet Pathol 2020; 57:369-376. [PMID: 32202217 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820906889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoma is the most common intestinal neoplasm in horses, but its clinical-pathological features are poorly characterized. Primary intestinal lymphoma was diagnosed in 20 horses on biopsy samples and further confirmed by postmortem examination in 16 cases. Lymphoma was found in the small intestine in 12 of 20 (60%), in the colon in 5 of 20 (25%), and in both small and large intestines in 3 of 20 (15%) cases. Gross findings included thickening of the intestinal wall (45%), mural nodules or masses (30%), and both thickening and nodules (10%). Cases were classified according to the human World Health Organization classification as enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) type 1 (40%), EATL type 2 (45%), and T-cell-rich large B-cell lymphoma (TCRLBCL) (15%). With respect to histologic grade, 70% of cases were grade 1 and 30% were grade 2. Of EATLs, the infiltrate was mucosal only (12%), mucosal and submucosal (53%), or transmural (35%). EATL1 was submucosal to transmural (2/8 and 6/8), EATL2 was mucosal to submucosal (3/9 and 6/9), and TCRLBCL was always transmural. Epitheliotropism was present in most EATLs and characterized by single-cell infiltrates within the epithelium in EATL1 and intraepithelial clusters or plaques in EATL2. Median survival was 25 days for EATL1, 90 days for EATL2, and 187.5 days for TCRLBCL; differences were not statistically significant. Of the EATLs, grade 1 had a median survival of 60 days and grade 2 had a median survival of 25 days; differences were not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy.,Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew William Stent
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Ann Walmsley
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Spanton JA, Smith LJ, Sherlock CE, Fews D, Mair TS. Intestinal neoplasia: A review of 34 cases. EQUINE VET EDUC 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - D. Fews
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science Comparative Pathology Langford House University of Bristol Langford Bristol UK
| | - T. S. Mair
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic Mereworth Kent UK
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Bertram CA, Müller K, Halter L, Nastarowitz-Bien C, Schink AK, Lübke-Becker A, von Czapiewski E, Klopfleisch R. Pseudodiverticula of the Small Intestine Associated With Idiopathic Smooth Muscle Hypertrophy in Domestic Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Vet Pathol 2018; 56:152-156. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985818790789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Acquired outpouches of the intestinal tract are referred to as pseudodiverticula or false pulsion diverticula. In contrast to true diverticula, in which the wall contains all layers of the intestinal tract, the wall of pseudodiverticula lacks the tunica muscularis. Smooth muscle hypertrophy of the small intestine is commonly considered a cause of pseudodiverticulosis in animals due to increased intraluminal pressure. This study reports pseudodiverticula associated with idiopathic smooth muscle hypertrophy of the small intestine in lagomorphs. Four domestic rabbits had single or multiple (up to 200) pseudodiverticula of various size in the small intestine. In all cases the tunica muscularis was diffusely thickened, significantly exceeding reference thickness of 14 rabbits (mean, 112.3 µm; range, 26.3–389.0 µm). Clinical signs were considered to be caused by severe necrosis and inflammation of the wall of large pseudodiverticula, leading to perforation with subsequent peritonitis and mesenteric and omental abscess formation in 2 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof A. Bertram
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Müller
- Small Animal Clinic, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lesley Halter
- Small Animal Clinic, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert Klopfleisch
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Mahne AT, Janse van Rensburg D, Hewetson M. Ileal hypertrophy and associated true diverticulum as a cause of colic in a horse. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2017; 88:e1-e5. [PMID: 28582984 PMCID: PMC6138206 DOI: 10.4102/jsava.v88i0.1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A 4-year-old Thoroughbred gelding underwent an explorative celiotomy for a suspected small intestinal obstruction. During surgery, an impacted diverticulum of the ileum was suspected, necessitating a jejunocaecostomy. The owner opted for euthanasia. On post-mortem examination and histopathology, a true diverticulum on the mesenteric side of the ileum, with ileal hypertrophy, was diagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold T Mahne
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, University of Pretoria.
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Sherlock C, Dawson L, Mair T. Ultrasound as a diagnostic tool in the investigation of a pony with intestinal lymphoma. EQUINE VET EDUC 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - L. Dawson
- School of Veterinary Sciences; University of Bristol; Langford House; UK
| | - T. Mair
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic; Mereworth UK
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Diseases of the Alimentary Tract. Vet Med (Auckl) 2017. [PMCID: PMC7167529 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-5246-0.00007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- T. S. Mair
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic; Maidstone Kent UK
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De Solís CN, Biscoe EW, Lund CM, Labbe K, Muñoz J, Farnsworth K. IMAGING DIAGNOSIS-MUSCULAR HYPERTROPHY OF THE SMALL INTESTINE AND PSEUDODIVERTICULA IN A HORSE. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2014; 56:E13-6. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisabeth W. Biscoe
- From the Washington State University; Veterinary Clinical Medicine; Pullman WA 99164-7060
| | - Caleb M. Lund
- From the Washington State University; Veterinary Clinical Medicine; Pullman WA 99164-7060
| | - Karyn Labbe
- From the Washington State University; Veterinary Clinical Medicine; Pullman WA 99164-7060
| | - Juan Muñoz
- From the Washington State University; Veterinary Clinical Medicine; Pullman WA 99164-7060
| | - Kelly Farnsworth
- From the Washington State University; Veterinary Clinical Medicine; Pullman WA 99164-7060
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Ruby R, Buckles E, Pinn T, Ness SA, Yeager AE, Ainsworth DM. Transdiaphragmatic hepatic and pulmonary abscess attributed to ileal diverticulitis in a horse. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:1633-6. [PMID: 24118286 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Ruby
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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