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McParland TJ, Horne CR, Robertson JB, Schnabel LV, Nelson NC. Alterations to the synovial invaginations of the navicular bone are associated with pathology of both the navicular apparatus and distal interphalangeal joint when evaluated using high field MRI. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2023; 64:9-17. [PMID: 35969227 PMCID: PMC10087238 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited information exists regarding associations between distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) abnormalities and synovial invagination changes in the distal sesamoid (navicular) bone. This retrospective, analytical study aimed to measure specific characteristics of the synovial invaginations of the navicular bone to determine whether any single characteristic was associated with abnormalities in the DIPJ or navicular apparatus (NA) using high field MRI and a sample of 200 horses' feet. The DIPJ and NA were graded independently by three scorers. The grades were averaged, creating a global pathology score for the DIPJ, NA, and synovial invaginations. Higher global scores represented more severe pathology. The number of invaginations, depth of penetration, invagination shape, and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the largest invagination were recorded. Interobserver agreement was measured using Cohen's Kappa. Associations of global scores of the DIPJ and NA with individual invagination characteristics were assessed using linear mixed modeling. A significant relationship was found between the number of invaginations and global DIPJ score, with higher invagination numbers associated with higher DIPJ scores. For invagination depth and CSA, a significant relationship was noted with global scores of both the DIPJ and NA. Reliable relationships between the shape of synovial invaginations and global scores of DIPJ and NA were not found, likely due to poor interobserver scoring (0.305). These findings suggest that primary DIPJ disease and NA pathology should be considered when noticing alterations to navicular synovial invaginations on MRI. This contrasts traditional views that synovial invagination abnormalities are indicative solely of NA pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J McParland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA
| | - Caitlyn R Horne
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA
| | - James B Robertson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA.,Office of Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Lauren V Schnabel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Nathan C Nelson
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA
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Fürst AE, Lischer CJ. Other Clinical Problems of the Equine Foot. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2021; 37:695-721. [PMID: 34782100 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many disorders affect the equine foot, and many hoof problems have multiple predisposing causes. Surgery may be necessary after conservative management has failed. Diseases of the hoof capsule may seem simple, but their effect on performance can be long-lasting and healing is often prolonged. Diagnosis of problems within the hoof capsule is enhanced with the use of computed tomography and MRI. The prognosis of fractures has improved with strategic placement of lag screws across fracture planes using aiming devices and advanced intraoperative imaging techniques. Collaboration between the clinician and a skilled farrier is important for successful management of hoof disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton E Fürst
- Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich 8057, Switzerland.
| | - Christoph J Lischer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, Berlin 14163, Germany
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Faramarzi B, Kepler A, Dong F, Dobson H. Morphovolumetric Analysis of the Hoof in Standardbred Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Insight into the pathomorphology of the distal border of the equine navicular bone. ACTA VET BRNO 2017. [DOI: 10.2754/avb201786020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pathological changes of the equine navicular bone are found in a variety of forms in numerous old and also relatively young horses. Therefore, investigations on this small bone are of major practical significance. The current article presents a view of the alterations observed on the distal aspect of the bone and analyzes their origin and importance. As a result of pressure subjected by the deep digital flexor tendon and adaptive remodelling of the bone tissue, distal border of the navicular bone extends and becomes sharpened. Osseous distal border fragments may be a consequence of this phenomenon. However, the origin of fragments is also associated with the development of entheseophytes on the margins, which can result from stress induced by the distal impar sesamoid ligament. The authors are not unanimous about the clinical importance of fragments, but it seems that the most dangerous are large-sized ones, especially when occurring together with other lesions. An important issue is also the alterations of the nutrient foramina located on the distal border, due to the main role of this surface in blood supply. Changes in the size and shape of pathological synovial invaginations can be a sign of circulatory disturbances and abnormal turnover of the bone tissue. Some researchers link synovial invaginations to cases of lameness, but their importance is still enigmatic. Majority of studies focus on warmblood horses, and a lower interest in coldblood horses can be seen. Nonetheless, certain data are a strong argument that the breed and morphotype can affect the frequency of adverse changes.
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de Zani D, Polidori C, di Giancamillo M, Zani DD. Correlation of radiographic measurements of structures of the equine foot with lesions detected on magnetic resonance imaging. Equine Vet J 2015; 48:165-71. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. de Zani
- Reparto di Radiologia, Azienda Polo Veterinario di Lodi; Università degli Studi di Milano; Lodi Italy
| | | | - M. di Giancamillo
- Reparto di Radiologia, Azienda Polo Veterinario di Lodi; Università degli Studi di Milano; Lodi Italy
| | - D. D. Zani
- Reparto di Radiologia, Azienda Polo Veterinario di Lodi; Università degli Studi di Milano; Lodi Italy
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Bladon B. Magnetic resonance imaging and foot lameness. Problem solved? Or do we know we know less now that we know more? Equine Vet J 2014; 46:264-6. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Bladon
- Donnington Grove Veterinary Surgery; Newbury Berkshire UK
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Yorke EH, Judy CE, Saveraid TC, McGowan CP, Caldwell FJ. DISTAL BORDER FRAGMENTS OF THE EQUINE NAVICULAR BONE: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING CHARACTERISTICS AND CLINICAL LAMENESS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2013; 55:35-44. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H. Yorke
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine; 1500 Wire Road Auburn AL 36849
| | - Carter E. Judy
- Alamo Pintado Equine Medical Center; Los Olivos CA 93441
| | | | - Conor P. McGowan
- US Geological Survey; Alabama Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences; Auburn University; Auburn AL 36849
| | - Fred J. Caldwell
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine; 1500 Wire Road Auburn AL 36849
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Claerhoudt S. Distal navicular border fragments: Clinically significant or not, that is the question. EQUINE VET EDUC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Claerhoudt
- Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University; Merelbeke; Belgium
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Biggi M, Blunden T, Dyson S. Can distal border fragments of the navicular bone be a primary cause of lameness? EQUINE VET EDUC 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2012.00403.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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