Further aspects of the physical chemistry of some non-ionic detergents

Induction of apoptosis of human lung carcinoma cells by hybrid liposomes containing polyoxyethylenedodecyl ether

Hybrid liposomes can be prepared by simply ultrasonicating a mixture of vesicular and micellar molecules in aqueous solution. A clear solution of hybrid liposomes composed of 90 mol% dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and 10 mol% polyoxyethylene(23)dodecyl ether (C12(EO)23) having a hydrodynamic diameter of 100-120 nm was obtained. Highly inhibitory effects of hybrid liposomes of 90 mol% DMPC/10 mol% C12(EO)23 on the growth of human lung carcinoma (RERF-LC-OK and A549) cells without any drugs were obtained. Induction of apoptosis by hybrid liposomes in RERF-LC-OK and A549 cells was verified on the basis of fluorescence microscopy, agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA and flow cytometry. We elucidated the pathway of apoptosis induced by hybrid liposomes as follows: (a) accumulation of hybrid liposomes in tumor cell membrane was revealed using microphysiometer. (b) Reduction of mitochodrial membrane potential and activation of caspase-9, -3 and -8 were obtained, indicating that apoptotic signal by hybrid liposomes should pass through mitochondria and these caspases. It is worthy to note that such a novel mechanism of apoptosis induced by hybrid liposomes without any drugs was performed for the first time in human lung carcinoma cells.

Peter Howard Elworthy (1933-1995): a biographical note

Peter Elworthy had a considerable influence on pharmaceutical science, education and practice, in the UK. He died in December 1995 at the early age of 62, but he had retired from full time academic work from his post as Professor of Pharmacy and Head of the Department of Pharmacy in the University of Manchester twelve years earlier. Concerned about his health but also not a little disillusioned by the multiple pressures placed even then on senior academics, he foresaw the era of cuts and the central oversight and restrictions. His heart was elsewhere. In his 1976 Harrison Memorial Lecture (reproduced in this issue) he said: "Looking back, I have the feeling of having been very lucky. 'Much have I travell'd in the realms of gold, and many goodly states and kingdoms seen.' My main interest has been in the phenomenon of micellization. The subject has been of absorbing interest, and continually shows new bright facets which lead to new scientific advances. Travelling in the realms of gold has nothing to do with gold, but to me it means travelling in sunlight, which illuminates things brightly, and makes visible new facts, which have been invisible before. Occasionally dark clouds form; they are the disappointments and frustrations, but we need them in order to be able to recognize the sunlight by contrast."