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Alam MS, Ansari A, Ahsan I, Shafiq-Un-Nabi S, Md S, Shaik RA, Eid BG, Ahmad MZ, Ahmad J. Topical gel containing Polysiloxanes and hyaluronic acid for skin scar: Formulation design, characterization, and In vivo activity. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:1220-1232. [PMID: 36606411 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scar formation is undesirable both cosmetically and functionally. It shows that silicone gel is effective in preventing and improving scars formed due to a wound formation after injury. OBJECTIVES This study investigates whether a silicone gel composition based on a novel concept of infusing a biologically active material such as hyaluronic acid and/or salts with various polysiloxane derivatives in a specific proportion to achieve desired viscosity range and their action has a synergistic beneficial effect on skin scar after injury. METHODS We have developed a topical gel utilizing a combination of emulsifiers, sodium hyaluronate, polysiloxane, and its derivatives. The method of preparation comprises mixing of aqueous phase dispersion and polysiloxanes blend under stirring at room temperature. RESULTS It results in the formation of a homogenous smooth gel formulation. The developed topical gel formulation was characterized for physicochemical properties, rheology, stability, and anti-scar activity in Wistar rats. It was found that the developed formulation system consists of desirable attributes for skin applications. In vivo investigation of developed polysiloxane gel formulation for anti-scar activity shown promising outcomes compared to marketed product (Kelo-cote scar gel). Furthermore, a histopathology study of healed skin tissues observed the formation of microscopic skin structures compared to the Kelo-cote scar gel. CONCLUSIONS It indicates that the combination of polysiloxanes and sodium hyaluronate resulting an improvement in anti-scar activity compared to the marketed product containing polysiloxanes alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shoaib Alam
- Research and Development, Jamjoom Pharmaceuticals, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Ansari
- Research and Development, Jamjoom Pharmaceuticals, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iftikhar Ahsan
- Research and Development, Jamjoom Pharmaceuticals, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasheed A Shaik
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma G Eid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Zaki Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
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Investigation Utilizing the HLB Concept for the Development of Moisturizing Cream and Lotion: In-Vitro Characterization and Stability Evaluation. COSMETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics7020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aims to utilize the concept of the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) value of ingredients for the development of a stable emulsion-based moisturizing cream and lotion for cosmetic application. The combination of a hydrophilic and lipophilic emulsifier such as glyceryl stearate (HLB value 3.8) and PEG-100 stearate (HLB value 18.8) were found to be effective to emulsify the chosen oil phase system at a specific concentration to achieve the required HLB for the development of the stable emulsion-based system. The developed formulation was characterized for pH, viscosity, spreadability, rheology, and droplet morphology. The influence of carbopol® ETD 2020 and the concentration of the oil phase on the rheology of the product was investigated and found to be significant to achieve the required thickening to convert the lotion into a cream. The formulation system developed through utilizing the concept of HLB was compared to a product developed through the conventional approach. It was observed that the utilization of the HLB method for the development of an emulsion-based product is a promising strategy compared to the conventional method. The physical stability and thermodynamic stability tests were carried out under different storage conditions. It was observed that the developed formulation was able to retain its integrity without showing any signs of instability during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Morizono
- Ear, Nose and Throat Department, The Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth Medical Centre, and Physiology Department, The University of Western Australia
- University of Western Australia
- Address for reprints: Dr T. Morizono, Physiology Department, The University of Western AustraliaNedlandsW.A.6009
| | - Brian M. Johnstone
- Ear, Nose and Throat Department, The Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth Medical Centre, and Physiology Department, The University of Western Australia
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Lopalco A, Stella VJ. Effect of Molecular Structure on the Relative Hydrogen Peroxide Scavenging Ability of Some α-Keto Carboxylic Acids. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:2879-2885. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lopalco A, Dalwadi G, Niu S, Schowen RL, Douglas J, Stella VJ. Mechanism of Decarboxylation of Pyruvic Acid in the Presence of Hydrogen Peroxide. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:705-713. [PMID: 26422524 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to probe the rate and mechanism of rapid decarboxylation of pyruvic acid in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to acetic acid and carbon dioxide over the pH range 2-9 at 25 °C, utilizing UV spectrophotometry, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry ((1)H, (13)C-NMR). Changes in UV absorbance at 220 nm were used to determine the kinetics as the reaction was too fast to follow by HPLC or NMR in much of the pH range. The rate constants for the reaction were determined in the presence of molar excess of H2O2 resulting in pseudo first-order kinetics. No buffer catalysis was observed. The calculated second-order rate constants for the reaction followed a sigmoidal shape with pH-independent regions below pH 3 and above pH 7 but increased between pH 4 and 6. Between pH 4 and 9, the results were in agreement with a change from rate-determining nucleophilic attack of the deprotonated peroxide species, HOO(-), on the α-carbonyl group followed by rapid decarboxylation at pH values below 6 to rate-determining decarboxylation above pH 7. The addition of H2O2 to ethyl pyruvate was also characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lopalco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Gautam Dalwadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Sida Niu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Richard L Schowen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Justin Douglas
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Valentino J Stella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047.
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Singh SR, Zhang J, O’Dell C, Hsieh MC, Goldstein J, Liu J, Srivastava A. Effect of polysorbate 80 quality on photostability of a monoclonal antibody. AAPS PharmSciTech 2012; 13:422-30. [PMID: 22362139 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-012-9759-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysorbate 80 is one of the key components of protein formulations. It primarily inhibits interfacial damage of the protein molecule due to mechanical stress during shipping and handling. However, polysorbate 80 also affects the formulation photostability. Exposure to light of polysorbate 80 aqueous solution results in peroxide generation, which in turn may result in oxidation of the susceptible amino acid residues in the protein molecule. The purpose of this study was to determine if the photostability of our proprietary IgG(1) monoclonal antibody formulation containing polysorbate 80 is affected by the quality (grade/vendor) of polysorbate 80. Following four types of polysorbate 80 were tested: (1) Polysorbate 80 Super-Refined, Mallinckrodt Baker, (2) Polysorbate 80 NF, Mallinckrodt Baker, (3) Polysorbate 80 NF, EMD Chemicals, and (4) Ultra-pure Polysorbate 80 (HX), NOF Corporation. The samples were exposed to light as per ICH guidelines Q1B. The results of the study show that photostability of the antibody formulation is indeed affected by the quality of polysorbate 80. This study underscores the importance of carefully choosing the quality of polysorbate 80 to ensure the robustness of formulation.
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Jiao J. Polyoxyethylated nonionic surfactants and their applications in topical ocular drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60:1663-73. [PMID: 18845195 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2008.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 09/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Topical dosing of ophthalmic drugs to the eye is a widely accepted route of administration because of convenience, ease of use, and non-invasiveness. However, it has been well recognized that topical ocular delivery endures a low bioavailability due to the anatomical and physiological constraints of the eye which limit drug absorption from the pre-corneal surface. Nonionic surfactants as versatile functional agents in topical ocular drug delivery systems are uniquely suited to meet the challenges through their potential ability to increase bioavailability by increasing drug solubility, prolonging pre-corneal retention, and enhancing permeability. This review attempts to place in perspective the importance of polyoxyethylated nonionic surfactants in the design and development of topical ocular drug delivery systems by assessing their compatibility with common ophthalmic inactive ingredients, their impact on product stability, and their roles in facilitating ocular drugs to reach the target sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Jiao
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
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Kumar V, Kalonia DS. Removal of peroxides in polyethylene glycols by vacuum drying: implications in the stability of biotech and pharmaceutical formulations. AAPS PharmSciTech 2006; 7:62. [PMID: 17025243 DOI: 10.1208/pt070362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of vacuum drying for removing peroxides from polyethylene glycols (PEGs). PEG solutions (PEG 1450 and PEG 20000) containing varying levels of peroxides were prepared by storing under different light and temperature conditions. PEGs containing low and high levels of peroxides were vacuum dried from dilute and concentrated solutions (2.5%, 7.5%, 15%, and 50% wt/vol of PEG 1450 and 2.5%, 7.5%, 15%, and 25% wt/vol of PEG 20000). Ferrous ion oxidation in presence of ferric ion indicator xylenol orange (FOX) colorimetric assay was used to determine the concentration of peroxides. Peroxide content in PEGs increased upon storage. The increase was more pronounced when PEGs were stored at higher temperatures and exposed to light. Vacuum drying at 0.1 mm Hg for 48 hours at 25 degrees C resulted in greater than 90% decrease in the level of peroxides in all cases except when high peroxide containing 25% wt/vol solution of PEG 20000 or 50% wt/vol solution of PEG 1450 were dried. The reduction in the level of peroxides for PEGs dried from high peroxide containing 25% wt/vol solution of PEG 20000 and 50% wt/vol solution of PEG 1450 was found to be 88% and 52%, respectively. Oxidation of methionine in Met-Leu-Phe peptide was significantly reduced when vacuum-dried PEGs were used. Vacuum drying PEG solutions at low pressures is an effective method for the removal of the residual peroxides present in commercially available PEGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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Abstract
Nonionic surfactants are widely used in the development of protein pharmaceuticals. However, the low level of residual peroxides in surfactants can potentially affect the stability of oxidation-sensitive proteins. In this report, we examined the peroxide formation in polysorbate 80 under a variety of storage conditions and tested the potential of peroxides in polysorbate 80 to oxidize a model protein, IL-2 mutein. For the first time, we demonstrated that peroxides can be easily generated in neat polysorbate 80 in the presence of air during incubation at elevated temperatures. Polysorbate 80 in aqueous solution exhibited a faster rate of peroxide formation and a greater amount of peroxides during incubation, which is further promoted/catalyzed by light. Peroxide formation can be greatly inhibited by preventing any contact with air/oxygen during storage. IL-2 mutein can be easily oxidized both in liquid and solid states. A lower level of peroxides in polysorbate 80 did not change the rate of IL-2 mutein oxidation in liquid state but significantly accelerated its oxidation in solid state under air. A higher level of peroxides in polysorbate 80 caused a significant increase in IL-2 mutein oxidation both in liquid and solid states, and glutathione can significantly inhibit the peroxide-induced oxidation of IL-2 mutein in a lyophilized formulation. In addition, a higher level of peroxides in polysorbate 80 caused immediate IL-2 mutein oxidation during annealing in lyophilization, suggesting that implementation of an annealing step needs to be carefully evaluated in the development of a lyophilization process for oxidation-sensitive proteins in the presence of polysorbate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ha
- Analytics & Formulation Department, Process Sciences, Bayer Biotechnology, 800 Dwight Way, Berkeley, California 94701, USA
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Wang A, Zhang L, Fang Y. Determination and separation of chloramphenicol and its hydrolysate in eye-drops by capillary zone electrophoresis with amperometric detection. Anal Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00314-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Khalil SA, Shah AH, Al-Shareef AH. A Reverse Phase HPLC Method for the Determination of Chloramphenicol and Its Hydrolytic Product in Ophthalmic Solutions. ANAL LETT 1993. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719308019895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Irwin WJ, Po ALW, Wadhwani RR. A GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC ASSAY OF CHLORAMPHENICOL APPLICATION TO FORMULATION AND TO SAMPLES SHOWING HYDROLYTIC OR PHOTOCHEMICAL DEGRADATION. J Clin Pharm Ther 1980. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.1980.tb00950.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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LeBelle MJ, Young DC, Graham KC, Wilson WL. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of chloramphenicol and 2-amino-1-(p-nitrophenyl)-1,3-propanediol in pharmaceutical formulations. J Chromatogr A 1979; 170:282-7. [PMID: 544626 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)84268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Benney TL, Hamlin WE. Pharmaceutical sciences--1970: literature review of pharmaceutics. J Pharm Sci 1971; 60:959-1014. [PMID: 4940085 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600600702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Abstract
Abstract
A 1,2-complex between borax and chloramphenicol occurs in aqueous solution. The relative stabilities of simple aqueous solutions of chloramphenicol and the B.P.C. eye-drops are explained by the existence of this complex.
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