Modulation of footshock aggression in rats by clonidine: involvement of both alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors

Biochemical and pharmacological evidence for central cholinergic regulation of shock-induced aggression in rats

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was estimated in brain and heart homogenates and plasma of 'aggressive' and 'nonaggressive' rats. Brain homogenates of 'nonaggressive' rats hydrolyzed significantly more substrate when compared to the 'aggressive' rats. Such differences were not seen in the heart homogenates or plasma of these two groups of rats. Acute DFP (0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg) attenuated shock-induced aggression (SIA) 2 hr after treatment but facilitated SIA 24 hr and 48 hr after drug administration. Long-term DFP (0.3 mg/kg x 10 days), on the other hand, induced a significant enhancement in the SIA score, whereas atropine (1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg) produced a dose-related attenuation of the same. Pretreatment of rats with atropine (5 mg/kg) antagonized the long-term DFP-induced facilitation of SIA. These results are discussed in the light of an inhibitory central cholinergic mechanism in the regulation of SIA.