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Wu CH, Lin KL, Long CY, Feng CW. The Neuroprotective Effect of Isotetrandrine on Parkinson's Disease via Anti-Inflammation and Antiapoptosis In Vitro and In Vivo. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2023; 2023:8444153. [PMID: 37854894 PMCID: PMC10581844 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8444153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most influential diseases in the world, and the current medication only can relieve the clinical symptoms but not slow the progression of PD. Therefore, we intend to examine the neuroprotective activity of plant-derived compound isotetrandrine (ITD) in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, cells were cotreated with ITD and LPS to detect the inflammatory-related protein and mRNA. In vivo, zebrafish were pretreated with ITD and inhibitors prior to 6-OHDA treatment. Then, the behavior was monitored at 5 dpf. Our result showed ITD inhibited LPS-induced upregulation of iNOS, COX-2 protein expression, and iL-6, inos, cox-2, and cd11b mRNA expression in BV2 cells. The data in zebrafish also demonstrated a significant improvement of ITD on the 6-OHDA-induced locomotor deficiency. ITD also improved 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis in zebrafish PD. We also pharmacologically validated the mechanism with three inhibitors, including LY294002, PI3K inhibitor; LY32141996, ERK inhibitor, SnPP, and HO-1 inhibitors. All of these inhibitors could abolish the neuroprotective effect of ITD partially in locomotor activity. Besides, the molecular level also showed the same trend. Treatment of these inhibitors could significantly abolish ITD-induced antineuroinflammatory and antioxidative stress effects in zebrafish PD. Our study showed ITD possessed a neuroprotective activity in zebrafish PD. The mRNA level also supported our arguments. The neuroprotection of ITD might be through antineuroinflammation and antiapoptosis pathways via PI3K, ERK, and HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ling Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Long
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siao-Gang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 81267, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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Heister PM, Poston RN. Pharmacological hypothesis: TPC2 antagonist tetrandrine as a potential therapeutic agent for COVID-19. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00653. [PMID: 32930523 PMCID: PMC7503088 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
More than ten million patients worldwide have been diagnosed with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) to date (WHO situation report, 1st July 2020). There is no vaccine to prevent infection with the causative organism, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), nor a cure. In the struggle to devise potentially useful therapeutics in record time, the repurposing of existing compounds is a key route of action. In this hypothesis paper, we argue that the bisbenzylisoquinoline and calcium channel blocker tetrandrine, originally extracted from the plant Stephania tetrandra and utilized in traditional Chinese medicine, may have potential in the treatment of COVID-19 and should be further investigated. We collate and review evidence for tetrandrine's putative mechanism of action in viral infection, specifically its recently discovered antagonism of the two-pore channel 2 (TPC2). While tetrandrine's particular history of use provides a very limited pharmacological dataset, there is a suggestion from the available evidence that it could be effective at doses used in clinical practice. We suggest that further research to investigate this possibility should be conducted.
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Huang YL, Cui SY, Cui XY, Cao Q, Ding H, Song JZ, Hu X, Ye H, Yu B, Sheng ZF, Wang ZJ, Zhang YH. Tetrandrine, an alkaloid from S. tetrandra exhibits anti-hypertensive and sleep-enhancing effects in SHR via different mechanisms. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1821-1829. [PMID: 27912885 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disorders have been found to be associated with hypertension in both cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiological studies. Tetrandrine, a major component of Stephania tetrandra, is well known as an antihypertensive agent. The anti-hypertension mechanism mainly relies on its L-type calcium channel blocking property. In the previous study, tetrandrine revealed both anti-hypertension and hypnotic effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). PURPOSE This study aims to elucidate whether the antihypertensive mechanism of tetrandrine in SHRs is relevant to its hypnotic effect. DESIGN/METHODS Sleep-wake behavior of the SHRs was detected by electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) recordings. Blood pressure was measured by noninvasive blood pressure tail cuff test. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the noradrenergic neuronal activity. The level of norepinephrine (NE) was detected by HPLC-ECD. RESULTS Amlodipine (100mg/kg, i.g.), the well-known L-type Ca2+ channel blockers (CCBs) exhibited remarkable antihypertensive activities in SHRs, but did not show effects on sleep of SHRs. Tetrandrine (30 and 60mg/kg/day, i.g.) significantly suppressed blood pressure of SHRs. Meanwhile, tetrandrine (60mg/kg/day, i.g.) remarkably increased non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) time, bouts and mean duration. The hypnotic effect of tetrandrine was potentiated by prazosin (0.5mg/kg, i.p.) but attenuated by yohimbine (2mg/kg, i.p.). Administration of tetrandrine (60mg/kg/day, i.g.) not only significantly decreased c-Fos positive ratio of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC), but also significantly decrease NE in the endogenous sleep-wake regulating pathways including LC, hypothalamus and ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO). CONCLUSION In spite of a good potency in blocking L-type Ca2+ channel, the hypnotic effects of tetrandrine may be related to its suppressing effects on the noradrenergic system other than to block calcium channels. As a multi-targets drug, tetrandrine might be favorable to the hypertension patients who suffered poor sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Li Huang
- Department of pharmacology, Peking University, School of Basic Medical Science, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Su-Ying Cui
- Department of pharmacology, Peking University, School of Basic Medical Science, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Cui
- Department of pharmacology, Peking University, School of Basic Medical Science, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qing Cao
- Department of pharmacology, Peking University, School of Basic Medical Science, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of pharmacology, Peking University, School of Basic Medical Science, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Song
- Department of pharmacology, Peking University, School of Basic Medical Science, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of pharmacology, Peking University, School of Basic Medical Science, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Department of pharmacology, Peking University, School of Basic Medical Science, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of pharmacology, Peking University, School of Basic Medical Science, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhao-Fu Sheng
- Department of pharmacology, Peking University, School of Basic Medical Science, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zi-Jun Wang
- Department of pharmacology, Peking University, School of Basic Medical Science, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yong-He Zhang
- Department of pharmacology, Peking University, School of Basic Medical Science, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Bhagya N, Chandrashekar KR. Tetrandrine--A molecule of wide bioactivity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 125:5-13. [PMID: 26899361 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Stephania tetrandra and other related species of Menispermaceae form the major source of the bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid - tetrandrine. The plant is extensively referenced in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia for its use in the Chinese medicinal system as an analgesic and diuretic agent and also in the treatment of hypertension and various other ailments, including asthma, tuberculosis, dysentery, hyperglycemia, malaria, cancer and fever. Tetrandrine, well-known to act as a calcium channel blocker, has been tested in clinical trials and found effective against silicosis, hypertension, inflammation and lung cancer without any toxicity. Recently, the efficacy of tetrandrine was tested against Mycobaterium tuberculosis, Candida albicans, Plasmodium falciparum and Ebola virus. Tetrandrine's pharmacological property has been proved to be through its action on different signalling pathways like reactive oxygen species, enhanced autophagic flux, reversal of multi drug resistance, caspase pathway, cell cycle arrest and by modification of calcium channels. The present review summarises current knowledge on the synthesis, distribution, extraction, structural elucidation, pharmacological properties and the mechanism of action of tetrandrine. Future perspectives in the clinical use of tetrandrine as a drug are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bhagya
- Department of Applied Botany, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore 574 199, Karnataka, India
| | - K R Chandrashekar
- Department of Applied Botany, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore 574 199, Karnataka, India.
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