1
|
Liu Y, Yang G, Cui W, Zhang Y, Liang X. Regulatory mechanisms of tetramethylpyrazine on central nervous system diseases: A review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:948600. [PMID: 36133805 PMCID: PMC9483103 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.948600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases can lead to motor, sensory, speech, cognitive dysfunction, and sometimes even death. These diseases are recognized to cause a substantial socio-economic impact on a global scale. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is one of the main active ingredients extracted from the Chinese herbal medicine Ligusticum striatum DC. (Chuan Xiong). Many in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that TMP has a certain role in the treatment of CNS diseases through inhibiting calcium ion overload and glutamate excitotoxicity, anti-oxidative/nitrification stress, mitigating inflammatory response, anti-apoptosis, protecting the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and facilitating synaptic plasticity. In this review, we summarize the roles and mechanisms of action of TMP on ischemic cerebrovascular disease, spinal cord injury, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, cognitive impairments, migraine, and depression. Our review will provide new insights into the clinical applications of TMP and the development of novel therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqiang Cui
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yunling Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yunling Zhang, ; Xiao Liang,
| | - Xiao Liang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yunling Zhang, ; Xiao Liang,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Feng XF, Lei JF, Li MZ, Zhan Y, Yang L, Lu Y, Li MC, Zhuang YM, Wang L, Zhao H. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Investigation of Neuroplasticity After Ischemic Stroke in Tetramethylpyrazine-Treated Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:851746. [PMID: 35559236 PMCID: PMC9086494 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.851746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke elicits white matter injury typically signed by axonal disintegration and demyelination; thus, the development of white matter reorganization is needed. 2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is widely used to treat ischemic stroke. This study was aimed to investigate whether TMP could protect the white matter and promote axonal repair after cerebral ischemia. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and treated with TMP (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for 14 days. The motor function related to gait was evaluated by the gait analysis system. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was conducted to noninvasively identify gray-white matter structural integrity, axonal reorganization, and cerebral blood flow (CBF), followed by histological analysis. The expressions of axonal growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43), synaptophysin (SYN), axonal growth-inhibitory signals, and guidance factors were measured by Western blot. Our results showed TMP reduced infarct volume, relieved gray-white matter damage, promoted axonal remodeling, and restored CBF along the peri-infarct cortex, external capsule, and internal capsule. These MRI findings were confirmed by histopathological data. Moreover, motor function, especially gait impairment, was improved by TMP treatment. Notably, TMP upregulated GAP-43 and SYN and enhanced axonal guidance cues such as Netrin-1/DCC and Slit-2/Robo-1 but downregulated intrinsic growth-inhibitory signals NogoA/NgR/RhoA/ROCK-2. Taken together, our data indicated that TMP facilitated poststroke axonal remodeling and motor functional recovery. Moreover, our findings suggested that TMP restored local CBF, augmented guidance cues, and restrained intrinsic growth-inhibitory signals, all of which might improve the intracerebral microenvironment of ischemic areas and then benefit white matter remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Feng Lei
- Medical Imaging Laboratory of Core Facility Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Man-Zhong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Le Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Cong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ming Zhuang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tan OJ, Loo HL, Thiagarajah G, Palanisamy UD, Sundralingam U. Improving oral bioavailability of medicinal herbal compounds through lipid-based formulations - A Scoping Review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 90:153651. [PMID: 34340903 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although numerous medicinal herbal compounds demonstrate promising therapeutic potential, their clinical application is often limited by their poor oral bioavailability. To circumvent this barrier, various lipid-based herbal formulations have been developed and trialled with promising experimental results. PURPOSE This scoping review aims to describe the effect of lipid-based formulations on the oral bioavailability of herbal compounds. METHODS A systematic search was conducted across three electronic databases (Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library) between January 2010 and January 2021 to identify relevant studies. The articles were rigorously screened for eligibility. Data from eligible studies were then extracted and collated for synthesis and descriptive analysis using Covidence. RESULTS A total of 109 studies were included in the present review: 105 animal studies and four clinical trials. Among the formulations investigated, 50% were emulsions, 34% lipid particulate systems, 12% vesicular systems, and 4% were other types of lipid-based formulations. Within the emulsion system classification, self-emulsifying drug delivery systems were observed to produce the best improvements in oral bioavailability, followed by mixed micellar formulations. The introduction of composite lipid-based formulations and the use of uncommon surfactants such as sodium oleate in emulsion preparation was shown to consistently enhance the bioavailability of herbal compounds with poor oral absorption. Interestingly, the lipid-based formulations of magnesium lithospermate B and Pulsatilla chinensis produced an absolute bioavailability greater than 100% indicating the possibility of prolonged systemic circulation. With respect to chemical conjugation, D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) was the most frequently used and significantly improved the bioavailability of its phytoconstituents. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that there is no distinct lipid-based formulation superior to the other. Bioavailability improvements were largely dependent on the nature of the phytoconstituents. This scoping review, however, provided a detailed summary of the most up-to-date evidence on phytoconstituents formulated into lipid preparations and their oral bioavailability. We conclude that a systematic review and meta-analysis between bioavailability improvements of individual phytoconstituents (such as kaempferol, morin and myricetin) in various lipid-based formulations will provide a more detailed association. Such a review will be highly beneficial for both researchers and herbal manufacturers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oi Jin Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.
| | - Hooi Leong Loo
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.
| | - Gayathiri Thiagarajah
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.
| | - Uma Devi Palanisamy
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.
| | - Usha Sundralingam
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Y, Zhang L, Gu S, Yin Z, Shi Z, Wang P, Xu C. The Current Application of LC-MS/MS in Pharmacokinetics of Traditional Chinese Medicines (Recent Three Years): A Systematic Review. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 21:969-978. [PMID: 33038908 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666201009142418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With significant clinical effects, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been attracting increasing interest of the world's scientific community. However, TCM contains immense amounts of chemical components. It is a great challenge to objectively evaluate the correlation between the in vivo process and the therapeutic effect of TCM. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the recent investigation (from 2017 to 2019) on preclinical pharmacokinetics (PK) of TCM via liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). METHODS We reviewed the published articles regarding the PK of TCM by LC-MS/MS. In addition, we summarized information on PK parameter of bioactive components, single herb and traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions. RESULTS The vast majority of literature on preclinical PK of TCM uses single oral administration, the biological matrix is mostly rat plasma, and the main PK parameters include AUC, Cmax, Tmax and T1/2, etc. Conclusion: Although LC-MS/MS can be used for high-throughput analysis, the characterization of in vivo processes of TCM still has a long way. With the advantages of high sensitivity, high specificity and simple operation, the increasingly mature LC-MS/MS technology will play an important role in the PK study of TCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300112, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shuang Gu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300112, China
| | - Zhaorui Yin
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300112, China
| | - Zhe Shi
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300112, China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Changhua Xu
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo Y, Mao X, Zhang J, Sun P, Wang H, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Xu S, Lv R, Liu X. Oral delivery of lycopene-loaded microemulsion for brain-targeting: preparation, characterization, pharmacokinetic evaluation and tissue distribution. Drug Deliv 2019; 26:1191-1205. [PMID: 31738085 PMCID: PMC6882477 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2019.1689312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycopene is considered as a promising neuroprotector with multiple bioactivities, while its therapeutic use in neurological disorders is restricted due to low solubility, instability and limited bioavailability. Our work aimed to develop lycopene-loaded microemulsion (LME) and investigate its potentials in improving bioavailability and brain-targeting efficiency following oral administration. The blank microemulsion (ME) excipients were selected based on orthogonal design and pseudo-ternary phase diagrams, and LME was prepared using the water titration method and characterized in terms of stability, droplet size distribution, zeta potential, shape and lycopene content. The optimized LME encompassed lycopene, (R)-(+)-limonene, Tween 80, Transcutol HP and water and lycopene content was 463.03 ± 8.96 µg/mL. This novel formulation displayed transparent appearance and satisfactory physical and chemical stabilities. It was spherical and uniform in morphology with an average droplet size of 12.61 ± 0.46 nm and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.086 ± 0.028. The pharmacokinetics and tissue distributions of optimized LME were evaluated in rats and mice, respectively. The pharmacokinetic study revealed a dramatic 2.10-fold enhancement of relative bioavailability with LME against the control lycopene dissolved in olive oil (LOO) dosage form in rats. Moreover, LME showed a preferential targeting distribution of lycopene toward brain in mice, with the value of drug targeting index (DTI) up to 3.45. In conclusion, the optimized LME system demonstrated excellent physicochemical properties, enhanced oral bioavailability and superior brain-targeting capability. These findings provide a basis for the applications of ME-based strategy in brain-targeted delivery via oral route, especially for poorly water-soluble drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunliang Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial
Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong
Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
- Anti-Aging Monitoring Laboratory, Shandong
Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
| | - Xuyan Mao
- Bio-nano & Medical Engineering Institute,
Jining Medical University, Jining, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cell and Neurobiology, School of
Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
| | - Peng Sun
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy
of Medical Sciences, Jinan, PR China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy
of Medical Sciences, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial
Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong
Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
- Anti-Aging Monitoring Laboratory, Shandong
Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
| | - Yingjuan Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial
Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong
Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
- Anti-Aging Monitoring Laboratory, Shandong
Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
| | - Song Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial
Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong
Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
- Anti-Aging Monitoring Laboratory, Shandong
Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
| | - Renjun Lv
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First
Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan,
PR China
| | - Xueping Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial
Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong
Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
- Anti-Aging Monitoring Laboratory, Shandong
Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
- Department of Anti-Aging, Shandong Provincial
Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR
China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hu X, Cheng N, Zhao J, Piao X, Yan Y, Zhang Q, Zhou K, Zhang Y, Feng N. Percutaneous absorption and brain distribution facilitation of borneol on tetramethylpyrazine in a microemulsion-based transdermal therapeutic system. Asian J Pharm Sci 2018; 14:305-312. [PMID: 32104460 PMCID: PMC7042483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we show that the percutaneous absorption and brain distribution of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is enhanced when combined with borneol (BN) in a microemulsion-based transdermal therapeutic system (ME-TTS). The formulation of the TMP and BN microemulsion (TEM-BN-ME) was optimized in skin permeation studies in vitro following a uniform experimental design. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the in vivo pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution studies of TMP-BN-ME-TTS. In the pharmacokinetic study, the TMP-BN-ME-TTS treated rats had significantly higher (P < 0.05) Cmax and AUC of TMP than the TMP-ME-TTS treated rats, indicating that BN improves the rate and extent of TMP percutaneous absorption. In the tissue distribution study, the AUC of TMP in brain was significantly higher in the TMP-BN-ME-TTS group (P < 0.05), indicating that BN facilitates the distribution of TMP in brain. In summary, BN enhanced the percutaneous absorption and brain distribution of TMP in a microemulsion-based transdermal therapeutic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoge Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ning Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jihui Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xianghua Piao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yulu Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qibo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kuan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongtai Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Nianping Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liao W, Huang X, Yin Y, Liu B, Zhu R. In vivo microdialysis with ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for analysis of tetramethylpyrazine and its interaction with borneol in rat brain and blood. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4210. [PMID: 29431191 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) has been widely used in the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. However, the mechanism of TMP and how to increase its bioavailability need to be further explored. In our study, an in vivo microdialysis sampling technique coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of TMP and its interaction with different doses of borneol (BO) in rats. Linearity of TMP in brain and blood dialysates exhibited good linear relationships over the concentration range of 0.991-555.14 ng/mL. The specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, matrix effect and stability were within acceptable ranges. The results demonstrated that BO had a marked impact on the pharmacokinetic properties of TMP. After co-administration, the areas under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of TMP in brain and blood were significantly increased. Meanwhile, the peak concentration of TMP in brain was also enhanced. The AUCBrain /AUCBlood of TMP, increased from 44% to 56 and 60.8% after co-administration with BO (15 and 30 mg/kg). The pharmacodynamic results showed that TMP co-administration with BO enhanced the cerebral blood flow during the period of ischemia and reduced the infarct volume. Overall, it might be an effective way to treat stroke to use TMP co-administered with BO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Liao
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Huang
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxin Yin
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Runzhi Zhu
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China.,Department for Cell Therapy center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tao X, Li K, Wang J, Zhang L, Li W, Kan B, Yu G, Jian X. Tetramethylpyrazine can ameliorate hepatocellular mitochondrial dysfunction by decreasing the inflammatory response and increasing AQP8 protein expression in septic rats. EUR J INFLAMM 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x17731003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, which could lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular energy loss, always induces acute liver injury and has a high mortality rate. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is an active extract from the Chinese herb Ligusticum chuanxiong and exhibits anti-sepsis activity. In this study, a rat sepsis model was first established via cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Then, 48 Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into four groups (12 rats in each group): control group (C), sepsis group (S), TMP treatment group (T), and TMP prevention group (P). Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (mAST), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were measured and used as indicators of hepatic dysfunction severity and mitochondrial function. In addition, the activities of Na+-K+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase in the mitochondrial membrane, the expression level of AQP8 and some inflammatory factors, and the level of oxidative stress were measured to explore potential mechanisms. We found that AQP8 accepts signals from inflammatory factors upon stimulation and during various infections, and low AQP8 expression levels could result in further downstream mitochondrial dysfunction. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that TMP could ameliorate hepatocellular mitochondrial dysfunction by decreasing the inflammatory response and increasing AQP8 protein expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogen Tao
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kun Li
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinquan Wang
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Baotian Kan
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guangcai Yu
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangdong Jian
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wu Y, Liao F, Liao W, Yu J, Deng X, Zheng H, Meng Y, Wang L. Effect of ferulic acid on the brain pharmacokinetics of tetramethylpyrazine in conscious rats. Xenobiotica 2016; 47:973-979. [PMID: 27827094 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2016.1257835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
1. In traditional Chinese medicine, Angelica sinensis is often coprescribed with Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort for the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is one of the most important active ingredients isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort; ferulic acid (FA) is the main water-soluble component of Angelica sinensis. 2. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible effect of FA on the brain pharmacokinetics of TMP in conscious Sprague-Dawley rats. The pharmacokinetic parameters of TMP were investigated in brain microdialysates after oral and intravenous administration of TMP (4 mg/kg) to rats in the absence and presence of FA (5 mg/kg). Samples were collected at timed intervals for the measurement of TMP by a rapid and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method. 3. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by noncompartmental analysis for brain microdialysates. The brain pharmacokinetic data for TMP showed significant increases in Cmax, t1/2, AUC0-inf and MRT0-inf after combination with FA. After intragastric administration with FA, there were significant decreases in the Tmax (from 38.33 ± 5.77 to 21 ± 5.48 min; p < 0.01) of TMP. This study indicated that potential drug-drug interaction between TMP and FA should be taken into consideration and the combined administration is beneficial in improving the bioavailability of TMP in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinai Wu
- a School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Fengyun Liao
- a School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Weiguo Liao
- a School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jianye Yu
- a School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xingyun Deng
- a School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Huazhu Zheng
- a School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - YingJiao Meng
- a School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- a School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Microdialysis combined with UPLC–MS/MS method for determination of tetramethylpyrazine and ferulic acid in striatum of awake and anesthetic rats subjected to cerebral ischemia. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 128:510-518. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
11
|
Zhang X, Zhang F, Kong D, Wu X, Lian N, Chen L, Lu Y, Zheng S. Tetramethylpyrazine inhibits angiotensin II-induced activation of hepatic stellate cells associated with interference of platelet-derived growth factor β receptor pathways. FEBS J 2014; 281:2754-68. [PMID: 24725506 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis represents a frequent event following chronic insult to trigger wound healing responses in the liver. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a pivotal event during liver fibrogenesis. Compelling evidence indicates that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) takes part in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Angiotensin II (Ang II), the primary effector peptide of the RAS, has been demonstrated to be a potent pro-fibrogenic molecule for HSC activation. In this study we investigated the effects of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on HSC activation induced by Ang II in order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that Ang II significantly promoted cell growth, upregulated the expression of the fibrotic markers α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and α1(I) procollagen, and enhanced the invasion capacity in HSCs. TMP inhibited proliferation and arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M checkpoint associated with altering several cell cycle regulatory proteins in Ang II-treated HSCs. TMP also modulated Bcl-2 family proteins and activated the caspase cascade leading to apoptosis in Ang II-treated HSCs. Moreover, TMP reduced the expression of α-SMA and α1(I) procollagen at mRNA and protein levels, and these effects were associated with interference of the platelet-derived growth factor β receptor (PDGF-βR) mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in HSCs exposed to Ang II. Furthermore, Ang II-enhanced HSC invasion capacity was diminished by TMP, which was associated with interference of PDGF-βR/FAK signaling. These data collectively indicated that interference of PDGF-βR-mediated fibrotic pathways was involved in TMP inhibition of HSC activation caused by Ang II, providing novel mechanistic insights into TMP as a potential therapeutic remedy for hepatic fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhang
- School of Hanlin, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang Y, Zhang T, Wang F, Xie J. Brain tissue distribution of spinosin in rats determined by a new high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass/mass spectrometry method. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:97-103. [PMID: 24771055 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Spinosin, a flavone-C-glycoside, is a bioactive ingredient isolated from a traditional Chinese herb Zizyphi Spinosi Semen. In this study, a new high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass/mass spectrometry method was developed and validated to determine spinosin in brain tissues including olfactory region, hippocampus, corpus striatum, cerebrum (cerebral cortex) and cerebellum, after intravenous administration with the dose of 5 mg/kg. The tissue homogenate samples were pretreated and extracted with acetonitrile by a simple protein precipitation method. The separation was performed on a YMC ODS-AQ(TM) column (250 × 2.0 mm, 3.5 μm) with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-aqueous phase (0.1% formic acid) (25 : 75, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The retention times of spinosin and naringin (internal standard) were 3.3 and 5.1 min, respectively. Multiple reaction monitoring mode was used to monitor precursor/product ion transitions of m/z 607.2 → 427.0 for spinosin and m/z 579.2 → 271.0 for naringin. The proposed method was successfully applied to the preclinical brain tissue distribution of spinosin in rats. The results showed that there was a wide brain regional tissue distribution of spinosin. The concentrations of spinosin in corpus striatum and hippocampus were higher than that in other areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, The East of Jinba Road, Tianjin 300134, China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, The East of Jinba Road, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Fengling Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, The East of Jinba Road, Tianjin 300134, China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Junbo Xie
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, The East of Jinba Road, Tianjin 300134, China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Tianjin 300134, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Effect of Buyang Huanwu decoction on amino acid content in cerebrospinal fluid of rats during ischemic/reperfusion injury. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 86:143-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
14
|
Chen ZZ, Lu Y, Du SY, Shang KX, Cai CB. Influence of borneol and muscone on geniposide transport through MDCK and MDCK-MDR1 cells as blood-brain barrier in vitro model. Int J Pharm 2013; 456:73-9. [PMID: 23973509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was (1) to characterize geniposide transport through MDCK and MDCK-MDR1 cell lines to confirm its transport mechanism and (2) to evaluate the effect of borneol and muscone as enhancers of geniposide transport in the BBB models so as to explore the enhancement mechanism. Transport studies of geniposide were performed in both directions, from apical to basolateral and from basolateral to apical sides. Drug concentrations were analyzed by HPLC. Geniposide showed relatively poor absorption in MDCK and MDCK-MDR1 cells, apparent permeability coefficients ranging from 0.323×10(-6) to 0.422×10(-6) cm/s. The in vitro experiments showed that geniposide transport in both directions was not concentration dependent and saturable, indicating purely passive diffusion. The efflux ratio of geniposide was less than 2 in the two cell models, which suggested that geniposide was not P-gp substrates. Geniposide transport in both directions significantly increased when co-administrated with increasing concentrations of borneol and muscone. Actin staining results indicated that borneol and muscone increased geniposide transport in the BBB models may attribute to disassembly effect on tight junction integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6, Zhonghuan South Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Feng L, Mao W, Zhang J, Liu X, Jiao Y, Zhao X, Wang X, Zhang D, Cai D, Wang Y. Pharmacokinetic variations of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate after oral administration in hepatic precancerous mice and its hepatoprotective effects. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:1-8. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.756513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|