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Sengupta S, Nath R, Bhuyan R, Bhattacharjee A. Variation in glucose metabolism under acidified sodium nitrite mediated nitrosative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:1660-1675. [PMID: 35702895 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The work aimed to understand the important changes during glucose metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under acidified sodium nitrite (ac.NaNO2 ) mediated nitrosative stress. METHODS AND RESULTS Confocal microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis were performed to investigate the generation of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, and redox homeostasis under nitrosative stress was also characterized. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the expression of ADH genes was upregulated under such condition, whereas the ACO2 gene was downregulated. Some of the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle were partially inhibited, whereas malate metabolism and alcoholic fermentation were increased under nitrosative stress. Kinetics of ethanol production was also characterized. A network analysis was conducted to validate our findings. In the presence of ac.NaNO2 , in vitro protein tyrosine nitration formation was checked by western blotting using pure alcohol dehydrogenase and aconitase. CONCLUSIONS Alcoholic fermentation rate was increased under stress condition and this altered metabolism might be conjoined with the defence machinery to overcome the nitrosative stress. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first work of this kind where the role of metabolism under nitrosative stress has been characterized in S. cerevisiae and it will provide a base to develop an alternative method of industrial ethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnab Sengupta
- Department of Microbiology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Rohan Nath
- Department of Microbiology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajabrata Bhuyan
- Department of Bio-Science and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith (Deemed) University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Arindam Bhattacharjee
- Department of Microbiology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, West Bengal, India
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Liu R, Yang L, Yang T, Qin M, Li K, Bao W, Wu M, Yu H, Wu S, Ge Q. Effect of nitric oxide treatment on pork meat quality, microstructure, and total bacterial count during postmortem aging. Meat Sci 2022; 190:108806. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Nitric Oxide-Releasing Macromolecule Exhibits Broad-Spectrum Antifungal Activity and Utility as a Topical Treatment for Superficial Fungal Infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.01026-17. [PMID: 29760128 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01026-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous and superficial fungal infections affecting the skin, nails, and hair of humans are caused primarily by dermatophytes of the genera Trichophyton and Epidermophyton or by yeasts of the genera Candida and Malassezia. Onychomycosis is a common fungal infection of the nail that frequently coexists with tinea pedis, the most prevalent mycotic skin infection. Efficacy rates for current topical onychomycosis therapies are hampered by low drug penetration across the nail plate, which is theoretically obviated with nitric oxide (NO)-based topical therapies. The Nitricil technology platform is comprised of polysiloxane-based macromolecules that stably release therapeutic levels of NO. In the reported studies, NVN1000, the lead candidate of the platform, was assessed for its spectrum of in vitro activity against a broad range of filamentous fungi and yeast species commonly associated with cutaneous fungal infections. Time-kill assays demonstrated that NVN1000 exhibited fungicidal activity as early as 4 h. Additionally, the penetration of several unique NVN1000 NO-releasing drug product formulations (gel, cream, and lacquer) was evaluated following a single topical application in an in vitro infected human nail assay, with all formulations showing similar inhibition of fungal growth. Repeated topical application in this model demonstrated that a lower-strength dose of NO could achieve the same efficacy as a higher-strength dose after 7 days. Together, these in vitro results demonstrate that NO-releasing treatments rapidly penetrate the nail plate and eradicate the fungal infection, representing promising novel topical therapies for the treatment of onychomycosis and other cutaneous fungal infections.
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Regev G, Martins J, Sheridan MP, Leemhuis J, Thompson J, Miller C. Feasibility and preliminary safety of nitric oxide releasing solution as a treatment for bovine mastitis. Res Vet Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mercer D, Sairi T, Sroka E, Lamont H, Lawrie Y, O'Neil D. Expression of innate immune defence genes in healthy and onychomycotic nail and stratum corneum. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:279-281. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D.K. Mercer
- NovaBiotics Ltd; Cruickshank Building, Craibstone Aberdeen AB21 9TR U.K
| | - T. Sairi
- NovaBiotics Ltd; Cruickshank Building, Craibstone Aberdeen AB21 9TR U.K
| | - E. Sroka
- NovaBiotics Ltd; Cruickshank Building, Craibstone Aberdeen AB21 9TR U.K
| | - H. Lamont
- NovaBiotics Ltd; Cruickshank Building, Craibstone Aberdeen AB21 9TR U.K
| | - Y. Lawrie
- NovaBiotics Ltd; Cruickshank Building, Craibstone Aberdeen AB21 9TR U.K
| | - D.A. O'Neil
- NovaBiotics Ltd; Cruickshank Building, Craibstone Aberdeen AB21 9TR U.K
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Pelegrino MT, Weller RB, Chen X, Bernardes JS, Seabra AB. Chitosan nanoparticles for nitric oxide delivery in human skin. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:713-719. [PMID: 30108789 PMCID: PMC6072359 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00502k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanoparticle-based transdermal delivery systems is a promising approach to efficiently carry and deliver therapeutic agents for dermal and systemic administration. Nitric oxide (NO) is a key molecule that plays important roles in human skin such as the control of skin homeostasis, skin defense, control of dermal blood flow, and wound healing. In addition, human skin contains stores of NO derivatives that can be mobilized and release free NO upon UV irradiation with beneficial cardiovascular effects, for instance the control of blood pressure. In this work, the NO donor precursor glutathione (GSH) was encapsulated (encapsulation efficiency of 99.60%) into ultra-small chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) (hydrodynamic size of 30.65 ± 11.90 nm). GSH-CS NPs have a core-shell structure, as revealed by atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, in which GSH is protected in the nanoparticle core. Nitrosation of GSH by nitrous acid led to the formation of the NO donor S-nitrosogluthathione (GSNO) into CS NPs. The GSNO release from the CS NPs followed a Fickian diffusion described by the Higuchi mathematical model. Topical application of GSNO-CS NPs in intact human skin significantly increased the levels of NO and its derivatives in the epidermis, as assayed by confocal microscopy, and this effect was further enhanced by skin irradiation with UV light. Therefore, NO-releasing CS NPs are suitable materials for transdermal NO delivery to local and/or systemic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Pelegrino
- Exact and Earth Sciences Departament , Universidade Federal de São Paulo , Rua São Nicolau, 210 , CEP 09913-030 , Diadema , SP , Brazil
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences , Universidade Federal do ABC , Av. dos Estados 5001 , CEP 09210-580 , Santo André , SP , Brazil . ; Tel: +55 11 4996 8374
| | - R B Weller
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research , University of Edinburgh , Queen's Medical Research Institute , 47 Little France Crescent , Edinburgh , EH16 4TJ , UK
| | - X Chen
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research , University of Edinburgh , Queen's Medical Research Institute , 47 Little France Crescent , Edinburgh , EH16 4TJ , UK
| | - J S Bernardes
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory (LNNano) , National Center for Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10.000 , CEP 13083-970 , Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - A B Seabra
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences , Universidade Federal do ABC , Av. dos Estados 5001 , CEP 09210-580 , Santo André , SP , Brazil . ; Tel: +55 11 4996 8374
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Murray GM, O'Neill RG, Lee AM, McElroy MC, More SJ, Monagle A, Earley B, Cassidy JP. The bovine paranasal sinuses: Bacterial flora, epithelial expression of nitric oxide and potential role in the in-herd persistence of respiratory disease pathogens. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173845. [PMID: 28282443 PMCID: PMC5345874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The bovine paranasal sinuses are a group of complex cavernous air-filled spaces, lined by respiratory epithelium, the exact function of which is unclear. While lesions affecting these sinuses are occasionally reported in cattle, their microbial flora has not been defined. Furthermore, given that the various bacterial and viral pathogens causing bovine respiratory disease (BRD) persist within herds, we speculated that the paranasal sinuses may serve as a refuge for such infectious agents. The paranasal sinuses of clinically normal cattle (n = 99) and of cattle submitted for post-mortem examination (PME: n = 34) were examined by microbial culture, PCR and serology to include bacterial and viral pathogens typically associated with BRD: Mycoplasma bovis, Histophilus somni, Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida, bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (BPIV-3). Overall, the paranasal sinuses were either predominantly sterile or did not contain detectable microbes (83.5%: 94.9% of clinically normal and 50.0% of cattle submitted for PME). Bacteria, including BRD causing pathogens, were identified in relatively small numbers of cattle (<10%). While serology indicated widespread exposure of both clinically normal and cattle submitted for PME to BPIV-3 and BRSV (seroprevalences of 91.6% and 84.7%, respectively), PCR identified BPIV-3 in only one animal. To further explore these findings we investigated the potential role of the antimicrobial molecule nitric oxide (NO) within paranasal sinus epithelium using immunohistochemistry. Expression of the enzyme responsible for NO synthesis, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), was detected to varying degrees in 76.5% of a sub-sample of animals suggesting production of this compound plays a similar protective role in the bovine sinus as it does in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard M Murray
- Sligo Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Doonally, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Rónan G O'Neill
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Backweston, Celbridge, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Alison M Lee
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Máire C McElroy
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Backweston, Celbridge, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Simon J More
- Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling Monagle
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bernadette Earley
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, County Meath, Ireland
| | - Joseph P Cassidy
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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Murray GM, O'Neill RG, More SJ, McElroy MC, Earley B, Cassidy JP. Evolving views on bovine respiratory disease: An appraisal of selected control measures – Part 2. Vet J 2016; 217:78-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Sheridan MP, Regev-Shoshani G, Martins J, Vimalanathan S, Miller C. Nitric oxide modulates the immunological response of bovine PBMCs in an in vitro BRDc infection model. Res Vet Sci 2016; 109:21-28. [PMID: 27892870 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDc) is a multi-factorial disease, involving both viral and bacterial pathogens, that negatively impacts the cattle feedlot industry. A nitric oxide releasing solution (NORS) has been developed and shown to have potential in the prevention of BRDc. This study investigated the underlying immunological mechanisms through which the nitroslyating agent NORS provides protection against the development of BRDc in susceptible cattle. An in vitro BRDc experimental model was designed using bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) which were infected with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) and subsequently cultured with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) extracted from Mannheimia haemolytica bacteria. The cells were treated with NORS following viral infection to reflect the timing of administering the NORS treatment in feedlots during initial processing. An expression and protein analysis of key genes involved in the innate immune response was carried out. The BRDc model produced significant increases in gene expression (p<0.01) and protein release (p<0.05) of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF. Treatment with NORS reduced the protein levels of IL-1β (0.39-fold↓) (p<0.05) and TNF (0.48-fold↓) (p<0.01) in the BRDc experimental group when compared against the non-treatment BRDc controls. TLR4 expression, having been significantly reduced under the BRDc experimental conditions (0.33-fold↓) (p<0.05), increased significantly (0.76-fold↑) (p<0.05) following NORS treatment. This study provides evidence suggesting that NO may protect against the development of BRDc by limiting deleterious inflammation while simultaneously increasing TLR4 expression and enhancing the ability of the host to detect and respond to bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Peter Sheridan
- Faculty of Medicine, Respiratory Division, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gilly Regev-Shoshani
- Faculty of Medicine, Respiratory Division, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Bovicor Pharmatech Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - James Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, Respiratory Division, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Selvarani Vimalanathan
- Faculty of Medicine, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chris Miller
- Faculty of Medicine, Respiratory Division, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Bovicor Pharmatech Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Deppisch C, Herrmann G, Graepler-Mainka U, Wirtz H, Heyder S, Engel C, Marschal M, Miller CC, Riethmüller J. Gaseous nitric oxide to treat antibiotic resistant bacterial and fungal lung infections in patients with cystic fibrosis: a phase I clinical study. Infection 2016; 44:513-20. [PMID: 26861246 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-016-0879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) receive antibiotics continuously throughout their entire life which leads to drug resistant microbial lung infections which are difficult to treat. Nitric oxide (NO) gas possesses antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of microorganisms in vitro, in vivo in animal models and a phase I study in healthy adults showed administration of intermittent 160 ppm NO to be safe. METHODS We assessed feasibility and safety of inhaled NO in eight CF patients who received 160 ppm NO for 30 min, three times daily for 2 periods of 5 days. RESULTS The NO treatment was safe and in none of the patients were serious drug-related adverse events observed which caused termination of the study. The intention-to-treat analysis revealed a significant mean reduction of the colony forming units of all bacteria and all fungi, while mean forced expiratory volume 1 s % predicted (FEV1) relative to baseline increased 17.3 ± 8.9 % (P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS NO treatment may improve the therapy of chronic microbial lung infections in CF patients, particularly concerning pathogens with intrinsic or acquired resistance to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Deppisch
- Comprehensive Cystic Fibrosis Center, Children's Clinic, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gloria Herrmann
- Comprehensive Cystic Fibrosis Center, Children's Clinic, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Hubertus Wirtz
- Medizinische Klinik I, Pneumologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Heyder
- Klinik Schillerhöhe, Robert Bosch Krankenhaus GmbH, Gerlingen, Germany
| | - Corinna Engel
- Comprehensive Cystic Fibrosis Center, Children's Clinic, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Marschal
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christopher C Miller
- Nitric Oxide Laboratory, Division of Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joachim Riethmüller
- Comprehensive Cystic Fibrosis Center, Children's Clinic, Tübingen, Germany. .,University Childrens' Hospital, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 1, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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de Sousa MDGT, Santana GB, Criado PR, Benard G. Chronic widespread dermatophytosis due to Trichophyton rubrum: a syndrome associated with a Trichophyton-specific functional defect of phagocytes. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:801. [PMID: 26300867 PMCID: PMC4523820 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatophytes are agents of typically benign superficial infections. However, an increasing number of severe infections in immunocompromised hosts has been reported. We aimed to understand the factors underlying the existence of a cohort of patients presenting with chronic widespread dermatophytosis (CWD) due to Trichophyton rubrum, but with no signs of immunodeficiency. Their disease is usually recurrent and difficult to manage. Fourteen patients meeting the following criteria for CWD were studied: T. rubrum culture-proven skin lesions of ≥10 cm in at least one dimension; the involvement of at least three non-contiguous localizations of >1 year's duration; and no predisposing conditions. For comparison, we also studied 13 acute Tinea pedis patients. Macrophages and neutrophils were isolated and tested for T. rubrum conidia phagocytic and killing activity. H2O2, NO, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine release were measured. All experiments were run with age- and sex-matched healthy donors' cells in parallel. CWD patients' macrophages and neutrophils presented with reduced T. rubrum-phagocytic and killing abilities, and reduced H2O2 and NO release when compared with those of healthy donors. CWD patients' macrophages secreted lower levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, but enhanced levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Neutrophil secretion closely followed this unbalanced pattern. In contrast, responses to the positive controls zymosan, lipopolysaccharide, and phorbol myristate acetate were comparable with those of healthy donors. The same experiments were performed with macrophages and neutrophils from the acute Tinea pedis patients and showed no differences when compared with the matched healthy donors. Patients with CWD have a T. rubrum-related functional deficiency of phagocytes and may represent a distinct clinical entity in the complex spectrum of the Trichophyton-host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria da Glória T de Sousa
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation Unit 53, Division of Clinical Dermatology, Medical School, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil ; Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Tropical Medicine Institute, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Grazielle B Santana
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation Unit 56, Division of Clinical Dermatology, Medical School, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Criado
- Division of Clinical Dermatology, Clinics Hospital, Medical School of the University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gil Benard
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation Unit 53, Division of Clinical Dermatology, Medical School, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil ; Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Tropical Medicine Institute, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil ; Laboratory of Medical Investigation Unit 56, Division of Clinical Dermatology, Medical School, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
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Marvasi M, Durie IA, McLamore ES, Vanegas DC, Chaturvedi P. Salmonella enterica biofilm-mediated dispersal by nitric oxide donors in association with cellulose nanocrystal hydrogels. AMB Express 2015; 5:28. [PMID: 26020015 PMCID: PMC4441645 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-015-0114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Protected by extracellular polymers, microbes within biofilms are significantly more resistant to disinfectants. Current research has been instrumental in identifying nitric oxide donors and hydrogels as potential disinfectant additives. Nitric oxide (NO) donors are considered a very promising molecule as biofilm dispersal agents and hydrogels have recently attracted a lot of interest due to their biocompatible properties and ability to form stable thin films. When the NO donor MAHMA NONOate was dissolved in phosphate saline buffer, it was able to reduce the biomass of well-established biofilms up to 15% for at least 24 h of contact time. Encapsulation of MAHMA NONOate and molsidomine within a hydrogel composed of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) has shown a synergistic effect in dispersing well-established biofilms: after 2 h of exposure, moderate but significant dispersion was measured. After 6 h of exposure, the number of cells transitioning from the biofilm to the planktonic state was up to 0.6 log higher when compared with non-treated biofilms. To further explore the transport processes of NO donors within hydrogels, we measured the nitric oxide flux from gels, at 25°C for a composite of 0.1 µM MAHMA NONOate-CNC. Nitric oxide diffuses up to 500 µm from the hydrogel surface, with flux decreasing according to Fick's law. 60% of NO was released from the hydrogel composite during the first 23 min. These data suggest that the combined treatments with nitric oxide donor and hydrogels may allow for new sustainable cleaning strategies.
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Regev-Shoshani G, McMullin B, Nation N, Church JS, Dorin C, Miller C. Non-inferiority of nitric oxide releasing intranasal spray compared to sub-therapeutic antibiotics to reduce incidence of undifferentiated fever and bovine respiratory disease complex in low to moderate risk beef cattle arriving at a commercial feedlot. Prev Vet Med 2015; 138:162-169. [PMID: 25975664 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Undifferentiated fever, or bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDc), is a challenging multi-factorial health issue caused by viral/bacterial pathogens and stressors linked to the transport and mixing of cattle, negatively impacting the cattle feedlot industry. Common practice during processing at feedlots is administration of antibiotic metaphylaxis to reduce the incidence of BRDc. Nitric oxide (NO) is a naturally occurring nano-molecule with a wide range of physiological attributes. This study evaluated the metaphylactic use of intranasal NO releasing spray (NORS) to control BRDc incidence in calves at low-moderate risk of developing BRDc, arriving at a commercial feedlot as compared to conventional antibiotic metaphylaxis. One thousand and eighty crossbred, multiple-sourced, commingled, commercial, weaned beef calves were screened, enrolled, randomized and treated upon arrival. Animals appearing sick were pulled (from their pen) by blinded pen keepers then assessed for BRDc symptoms; blood samples were taken for haptoglobin quantification and the animals were rescued with an antibiotic. After 35 days both groups showed no significant difference in BRDc incidence (5.2% of animals from NORS group and 3.2% from antibiotic group). Average daily weight gain of animals at day 150 for the NORS cohort was 1.17kg compared to 1.18kg for the antibiotic group (p>0.05). There was no significant difference in mortality in the first 35 days (p=0.7552), however, general mortality over 150 days trended higher in the antibiotic cohort. NORS treatment was shown to be safe, causing neither distress nor adverse effects on the animals. This large randomized controlled study in low-moderate BRDc incidence risk calves demonstrates that NORS treatment, as compared to conventional metaphylactic antibiotics, is non-inferior based on BRDc incidence and other metrics like weight and mortality. These data justify further studies in higher BRDc incidence risk populations to evaluate NORS as an alternative strategy to reduce sub-therapeutic metaphylaxis antibiotic use in beef cattle production.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Regev-Shoshani
- Faculty of Medicine, Respiratory Division, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - B McMullin
- Faculty of Medicine, Respiratory Division, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - N Nation
- Animal Pathology Services (APS) Ltd., 18208 Ellerslie Road, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - J S Church
- Department of Natural Resources, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C Dorin
- Veterinary AGRI-Health Services, 201-151 East Blvd, Airdrie, Alberta, Canada
| | - C Miller
- Faculty of Medicine, Respiratory Division, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Regev-Shoshani G, Church JS, Cook NJ, Schaefer AL, Miller C. Prophylactic nitric oxide treatment reduces incidence of bovine respiratory disease complex in beef cattle arriving at a feedlot. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:606-11. [PMID: 23850382 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDc), is a challenging multi-factorial health issue caused by viral/bacterial pathogens and stressors linked with the transport and mixing of cattle, negatively impacting the cattle feedlot industry. Nitric oxide (NO) is a naturally occurring molecule with antimicrobial attributes. This study tests whether NO can prevent the symptoms associated with BRDc. Eighty-five, crossbred, multiple-sourced, commingled commercial weaned beef calves were monitored and scored for temperature, white blood count, clinical score, hematology, cortisol levels and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. NO treatment or placebo were given once on arrival to the stockyard. After one week 87.5% of sick animals were from the control while 12.5% from treatment groups and after two weeks 72% and 28% respectively. Treatment was shown to be safe, causing neither distress nor adverse effects on the animals. These data show that NO treatment on arrival to the feedlot significantly decreased the incidence of BRDc in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Regev-Shoshani
- Faculty of Medicine, Respiratory Division, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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