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Gebregziabher SM, Yalew AW, Sime H, Abera A. Molecular detection of waterborne pathogens in infants' drinking water and their relationship with water quality determinants in eastern Ethiopia: loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based study. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2024; 22:1-20. [PMID: 38295069 PMCID: wh_2023_201 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium, Shigella, toxin-producing Escherichia coli, and rotavirus were reported to be the most responsible for severe and fatal diarrhea among infants. This study aimed to investigate the presence of these pathogens in infants' drinking water samples and analyzing using water quality determinants in eastern Ethiopia. A molecular (LAMP)-based cross-sectional study design was employed. A total of 410 and 37 water samples were tested from infant point-of-use at household and corresponding water source, respectively, from June 2020 to May, 2021. Cryptosporidium, Shigella, toxin-producing E. coli, and rotavirus were detected in 28.5, 30.0, 26.3, and 32.2%, of water samples tested from infant point-of-use, respectively. About 13.2% of the water samples were positive for all (four) pathogens together. Cryptosporidium, Shigella, toxin-producing E. coli, and rotavirus were detected in 27.0, 32.4, 29.7, and 37.8%, of water samples tested from water sources, respectively. Positive significant correlation was observed between infant point-of-consumption and water sources from which it is drawn toward the presence of each targeted pathogen. Unimproved water source showed a strong significant association with the presence of Cryptosporidium, Shigella and toxin-producing E. coli. Therefore, efforts should be made in development of improved water sources, source protection safety and health education to caretakers of infants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alemayehu Worku Yalew
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Heven Sime
- Bacterial, Parasitic and Zoonotic Diseases Research Directorate, EPHI, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Adugna Abera
- Bacterial, Parasitic and Zoonotic Diseases Research Directorate, EPHI, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Schüroff PA, Andrade FB, Pelayo JS. Virulence markers, adhesion and biofilm formation of Escherichia coli strains isolated from drinking water supplies of north Paraná State, Brazil. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2022; 20:1416-1424. [PMID: 36170195 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2022.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne diseases are a major public health problem responsible for a high number of deaths worldwide, of which Escherichia coli is a major agent of contamination. This study investigates the occurrence of different diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) pathotypes and its relationship with adherence patterns and biofilm formation. Between 2012 and 2014, a total of 1,780 drinking water samples were collected from different rural communities and urban water systems of north Paraná State. A total of 14% were positive for E. coli and 250 non-duplicate E. coli isolates were obtained. Between the E. coli isolates, 28 (11.2%) harbored DEC-associated genes, 10.7% being classified as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), 64.3% enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) and 25% atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC). The aggregative adherence (AA) was the predominant adherence pattern (84%), significantly associated with biofilm formation (p < 0.0001). On the other hand, the AA pattern and biofilm formation were not significantly associated to DEC pathotypes (p > 0.05). Therefore, we proposed that the AA pattern and biofilm formation in E. coli isolated from drinking water supplies could be associated with adherence and colonization of abiotic surfaces, such as pipes, leading to persistence and resistance to treatment or disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Alfonso Schüroff
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil E-mail:
| | | | - Jacinta Sanchez Pelayo
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil E-mail:
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Odetoyin B, Ogundipe O, Onanuga A. Prevalence, diversity of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli and associated risk factors in well water in Ile-Ife, Southwestern Nigeria. ONE HEALTH OUTLOOK 2022; 4:3. [PMID: 35130987 PMCID: PMC8822758 DOI: 10.1186/s42522-021-00057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) strains are common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Waterborne DEC could pose a health risk to humans through domestic use of contaminated water. However, epidemiological studies on DEC in well water are scarce in Nigeria. This study determined the prevalence, diversity and factors associated with the presence of DEC in well water in Ile-Ife, southwestern Nigeria. METHODS We assessed 143 wells for safety and a questionnaire was administered. Contaminating isolates were identified as E. coli by amplifying their 16S rRNA gene. Five diarrhoeagenic E. coli pathotypes were sought using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). (GTG)5 repetitive PCR and Shannon diversity index were used to determine isolates diversity. Multivariate analysis was used to reveal the factors associated with the presence of DEC in well water. RESULTS Fifty-six (39.2%) wells were contaminated by diarrhoeagenic E. coli. Wells with dirty platforms, undercut by erosion and sited near septic tanks significantly harboured DEC (p < 0.05). There was a preponderance of Shiga-toxin producing E. coli among the isolates with 10 (17.9%) wells contaminated by multiple DEC. The DEC isolates showed 45 unique fingerprints and were divided into six clades, with an overall diversity index of 18.87. DISCUSSION The presence of DEC in well water highlights the risk to human health associated with the use of untreated water. There was a high degree of genetic diversity among the isolates implying multiple sources of contamination. There is a need for periodic sanitation and inspection of wells for cracks to prevent seepages and possible outbreaks of waterborne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babatunde Odetoyin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Olawumi Ogundipe
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Adebola Onanuga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State Nigeria
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Bonkoungou IJO, Somda NS, Traoré O, Zoma BS, Garba Z, Drabo KM, Barro N. DETECTION OF DIARRHEAGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI IN HUMAN DIARRHEIC STOOL AND DRINKING WATER SAMPLES IN OUAGADOUGOU, BURKINA FASO. Afr J Infect Dis 2020; 15:53-58. [PMID: 33884359 PMCID: PMC8047281 DOI: 10.21010/ajid.v15i1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The presence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) in drinking water, is a grave public health problem. This study was aimed at characterization of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from drinking water and faecal samples from diarrheic patients in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Materials and Methods: A total of 242 water samples consisting of 182 potable sachets and 60 from boreholes were collected in the period between October 2018 and April 2019 in the city of Ouagadougou. Faecal samples were also collected from 201 diarrheic patients visiting National Public Health Laboratory for a biological diagnosis by coproculture. The presence of virulence genes associated with DEC was determined by 16-plex polymerase chain reaction from bacteria culture. Results: From drinking water, we found 17% (42/242) Escherichia coli isolates in which 1% (2/242) DEC were detected. Among analyzed samples (182 sachet water versus 60 borehole water), the two DEC (01 ETEC and 01 EPEC) were detected in sachet water. DEC were detected in 20% (40/201) of patients. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) were mostly detected in 10% followed by Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) in 4%, Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) in 2%, and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) 0.5%. However, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) was not detected alone, but in co-infections with EAEC. Conclusion: The present study documented the prevalence of Escherichia coli pathovars associated in patients with diarrhea, and shows that drinking water might be a source of DEC transmission in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidore Juste Ouindgueta Bonkoungou
- Département de Biochimie-Microbiologie. UFR- Sciences de la vie et de la terre. Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Namwin Siourimè Somda
- Département Technologie Alimentaire (DTA) / IRSAT / CNRST, Burkina Faso, 03 BP 7047 Ouagadougou 03
| | - Oumar Traoré
- Département de Biochimie-Microbiologie. UFR- Sciences de la vie et de la terre. Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.,Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées à la Technologie (UFR/SAT). Université de Dédougou, BP 176 Dédougou
| | - Barthelemy Sibiri Zoma
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique (LNSP), 09 BP 24 Ouagadougou 09, Burkina Faso.,Polygon Bio Services SARL,09 BP 969 Ouagadougou 09, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 969
| | - Zakaria Garba
- Département de Biochimie-Microbiologie. UFR- Sciences de la vie et de la terre. Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.,Unité de Recherche Clinique de NANORO, IRSS-CNRST, BP: 218 Ouaga 11 Burkina Faso
| | - Koine Maxime Drabo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la santé, CNRST, 03 B.P. 7192 Ouagadougou 03 Burkina Faso
| | - Nicolas Barro
- Département de Biochimie-Microbiologie. UFR- Sciences de la vie et de la terre. Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
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Crespo-Medina M, Greaves I, Hunter PR, Minnigh H, Ramírez-Toro G. Detection of Shiga toxin-encoding genes in small community water supplies. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2020; 18:937-945. [PMID: 33328365 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2020.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Shiga toxin (Stx), one of the most potent bacterial toxins known, can cause bloody diarrhea, hemolytic uremic syndrome, kidney failure and death. The aim of this pilot was to investigate the occurrence of Shiga toxin-encoding genes, stx (stx1 and stx2) from total coliform (TC) and E. coli positive samples from small community water systems. After aliquots for TC and E. coli analyses were removed, the remnant volume of the samples was enriched, following a protocol developed for this study. Fifty-two per cent of the samples tested by multiplex PCR were positive for the presence of the stx genes; this percentage was higher in raw water samples. The stx2 gene was more abundant. Testing larger volumes of the samples increase the sensitivity of our assay, providing an alternative protocol for the detection of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) that might be missed by the TC assay. This study confirms the presence of Stx encoding genes in source and distributed water for all systems sampled and suggests STEC as a potential health risk in small systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melitza Crespo-Medina
- Center for Environmental Education, Conservation and Research, Inter-American University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 5100, San German 00683-9801, Puerto Rico E-mail:
| | - Isabel Greaves
- The Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Paul R Hunter
- The Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Harvey Minnigh
- Gabriella and Paul Rosenbaum Foundation, Bryn Mawr, PA, USA
| | - Graciela Ramírez-Toro
- Center for Environmental Education, Conservation and Research, Inter-American University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 5100, San German 00683-9801, Puerto Rico E-mail:
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de Assis DCS, da Silva TML, Brito RF, da Silva LCG, Lima WG, Brito JCM. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in bovine meat and meat products over the last 15 years in Brazil: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Meat Sci 2020; 173:108394. [PMID: 33316706 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the rate of contamination in bovine meat and meat products with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in Brazil over the last fifteen years. Data were obtained from online databases in February 2020, and 25 papers were selected from 1036 articles identified in the literature search and 13 articles from gray literature, totaling 4286 samples analyzed. The overall rate of STEC was estimated to be 1% in Brazil. The highest rate (9%) was observed in Mato Grosso, followed by Rio Grande do Sul (1%), Goiás (1%), and São Paulo (1%). Regarding the sample type analyzed, hot carcasses had the highest rate (8%) of positive samples for STEC, followed by cold carcasses (2%) and beef samples (1%). As the available data were concentrated in the São Paulo state, the findings of this meta-analysis reveal the need for further studies in Brazil to allow better risk assessment and prevention of human STEC infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Cristina Sampaio de Assis
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Thaís Michelle Liziere da Silva
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rommel Furst Brito
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Schack RM, Handby M, Gregory J, Subasinghe N, Coutts SP. A fatal case of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli linked to a private drinking water supply. Commun Dis Intell (2018) 2020; 44. [PMID: 33278870 DOI: 10.33321/cdi.2020.44.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In May 2017, a fatal case of Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) with haemolytic uremic syndrome was investigated by the Victorian Department of Health and Human Services and a local government authority. Investigation revealed the case used rainwater harvested from the roof of their home and stored in tanks as a private drinking water supply, despite the availability of a reticulated supply from the local water authority. <i>Escherichia coli</I> Stx1 and Stx2 genes were detected in a water sample collected from the private drinking water supply, consistent with those earlier identified in the case’s faecal sample. This case study highlights the potential risks of STEC infection from private drinking water supplies, the importance of proper maintenance of such supplies, and the preferable use of reticulated water supplies when available. It also demonstrated an effective collaboration between local and state government for an environmental public health investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Schack
- Health Protection Branch, Victorian Department of Health and Human Services, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Handby
- Environmental Health Officer, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joy Gregory
- Health Protection Branch, Victorian Department of Health and Human Services, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nela Subasinghe
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shaun P Coutts
- Health Protection Branch, Victorian Department of Health and Human Services, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Elmonir W, Abo Remela EM, Alwakil Y. Diversity, virulence and antibiogram traits of Escherichia coli recovered from potable water sources in Gharbia, Egypt. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2020; 18:430-438. [PMID: 32589627 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2020.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the public health risk of coliforms and Escherichia coli contamination of potable water sources in Egypt. A total of 150 water samples (100 tap and 50 well) were collected from five districts in Gharbia governorate, Egypt. High rates of coliforms contamination were recorded in 52 and 76% of examined tap and well water samples, respectively. E. coli strains were detected in 16% of the water samples (15% tap water and 18% well water; 23.7% rural and 8.1% urban). Rural water sources were 3.5 times more likely to be contaminated than urban sources (P = 0.01). Eight (33.3%) E. coli isolates were Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Multiple drug resistance (MDR) was observed for 62.5% of the isolates. Seven (29.2%) E. coli isolates harboured at least one of the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes. The majority (87.5%) of the STEC isolates were MDRs and harboured ESBL genes. STEC isolates were significantly more likely to resist six classes of antibiotics than non-STEC isolates. This is the first report of potable water contamination with MDR-STEC in Egypt. This study highlights an alarming public health threat that necessitates preventive interventions for public and environmental safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Elmonir
- Hygiene and Preventive Medicine (Zoonoses) Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt E-mail:
| | - Etab Mohamed Abo Remela
- Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt and Department of Biology, College of Science, Taibah University, Madina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasmine Alwakil
- Hygiene and Preventive Medicine (Zoonoses) Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt E-mail:
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Reynolds C, Checkley S, Chui L, Otto S, Neumann NF. Evaluating the risks associated with Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in private well waters in Canada. Can J Microbiol 2020; 66:337-350. [PMID: 32069070 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2019-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) represent a major concern for waterborne disease outbreaks associated with consumption of contaminated groundwater. Over 4 million people rely on private groundwater systems as their primary drinking water source in Canada; many of these systems do not meet current standards for water quality. This manuscript provides a scoping overview of studies examining STEC prevalence and occurrence in groundwater, and it includes a synopsis of the environmental variables affecting survival, transport, persistence, and overall occurrence of these important pathogenic microbes in private groundwater wells used for drinking purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Reynolds
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - Sylvia Checkley
- Department of Ecosystem Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Linda Chui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta
| | - Simon Otto
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - Norman F Neumann
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada
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G M Gonzalez A, M F Cerqueira A. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in the animal reservoir and food in Brazil. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 128:1568-1582. [PMID: 31650661 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a zoonotic pathotype associated with human gastrointestinal disease that may progress to severe complications. Ruminants, especially cattle, are the main reservoirs of STEC contaminating the environment and foods of animal or vegetable origin. Besides Shiga toxin, other virulence factors are involved in STEC virulence. O157:H7 remains the most frequent serotype associated with disease. In Brazil, the prevalence of STEC reaches values as high as 90% in cattle and 20% in meat products which may impact the Brazilian food export trade. However, only few reports are related to human disease. The stx1 gene prevails in cattle, whereas the stx2 gene is more frequent in food. Several STEC serotypes have been isolated from cattle and food in Brazil, including the O157:H7, O111:NT, NT:H19 as well as O26 and O103 serogroups. O113: H21 STEC strains are frequent in ruminants and foods but with no report in human disease. The virulence profile of Brazilian STEC strains from cattle and food suggests a pathogenic potential to humans, although some differences with clinical strains have been detected. Further studies, employing recent and more discriminative techniques are in need to better clarify their virulence potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice G M Gonzalez
- Departamento de Bromatologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Aloysio M F Cerqueira
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
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Silva MA, Santos ARR, Rocha LB, Caetano BA, Mitsunari T, Santos LI, Polatto JM, Horton DSPQ, Guth BEC, Dos Santos LF, Piazza RMF. Development and Validation of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Immunodiagnostic Assay. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E276. [PMID: 31438570 PMCID: PMC6780578 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and its subgroup enterohemorrhagic E. coli are important pathogens involved in diarrhea, which may be complicated by hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome, the leading cause of acute renal failure in children. Early diagnosis is essential for clinical management, as an antibiotic treatment in STEC infections is not recommended. Previously obtained antibodies against Stx1 and Stx2 toxins were employed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the latex Agglutination test (LAT), lateral flow assay (LFA), and capture ELISA (cEIA) for STEC detection. The LAT (mAb Stx1 plus mAb stx2) showed 99% sensitivity and 97% specificity. Individually, Stx1 antibodies showed 95.5% and 94% sensitivity and a specificity of 97% and 99% in the cEIA and LFA assay, respectively. Stx2 antibodies showed a sensitivity of 92% in both assays and a specificity of 100% and 98% in the cEIA and LFA assay, respectively. These results allow us to conclude that we have robust tools for the diagnosis of STEC infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam A Silva
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brasil
| | | | - Leticia B Rocha
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brasil
| | - Bruna A Caetano
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brasil
| | - Thais Mitsunari
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brasil
| | - Luanda I Santos
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brasil
| | - Juliana M Polatto
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brasil
| | - Denise S P Q Horton
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brasil
| | - Beatriz E C Guth
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia, Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brasil
| | | | - Roxane M F Piazza
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brasil.
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da Silva CR, Sanches MS, Macedo KH, Dambrozio AML, da Rocha SPD, Navarro A, Pelayo JS. Molecular and phenotypic characterization of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from groundwater in rural areas in southern Brazil. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2019; 17:597-608. [PMID: 31313997 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2019.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Water-borne diseases like diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC)-induced gastroenteritis are major public health problems in developing countries. In this study, the microbiological quality of water from mines and shallow wells was analyzed for human consumption. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of DEC strains was performed. A total of 210 water samples was analyzed, of which 153 (72.9%) contained total coliforms and 96 (45.7%) E. coli. Of the E. coli isolates, 27 (28.1%) contained DEC genes. The DEC isolates included 48.1% Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), 29.6% enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), 14.9% enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), 3.7% enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), and 3.7% enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC). All the STECs had cytotoxic effects on Vero cells and 14.8% of the DEC isolates were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics tested. All DEC formed biofilms and 92.6% adhered to HEp-2 cells with a prevalence of aggregative adhesion (74%). We identified 25 different serotypes. One EPEC isolate was serotype O44037:H7, reported for the first time in Brazil. Phylogenetically, 63% of the strains belonged to group B1. The analyzed waters were potential reservoirs for DEC and could act as a source for infection of humans. Preventive measures are needed to avoid such contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Rodrigues da Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 10.011, CEP 86.057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Matheus Silva Sanches
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 10.011, CEP 86.057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Kawana Hiromori Macedo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 10.011, CEP 86.057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Angélica Marim Lopes Dambrozio
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 10.011, CEP 86.057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Sergio Paulo Dejato da Rocha
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 10.011, CEP 86.057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Armando Navarro
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico
| | - Jacinta Sanchez Pelayo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 10.011, CEP 86.057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil E-mail:
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Castro VS, Figueiredo EEDS, Stanford K, McAllister T, Conte-Junior CA. Shiga-Toxin Producing Escherichia Coli in Brazil: A Systematic Review. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E137. [PMID: 31100803 PMCID: PMC6560443 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7050137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC) can cause serious illnesses, including hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. This is the first systematic review of STEC in Brazil, and will report the main serogroups detected in animals, food products and foodborne diseases. Data were obtained from online databases accessed in January 2019. Papers were selected from each database using the Mesh term entries. Although no human disease outbreaks in Brazil related to STEC has been reported, the presence of several serogroups such as O157 and O111 has been verified in animals, food, and humans. Moreover, other serogroups monitored by international federal agencies and involved in outbreak cases worldwide were detected, and other unusual strains were involved in some isolated individual cases of foodborne disease, such as serotype O118:H16 and serogroup O165. The epidemiological data presented herein indicates the presence of several pathogenic serogroups, including O157:H7, O26, O103, and O111, which have been linked to disease outbreaks worldwide. As available data are concentrated in the Sao Paulo state and almost completely lacking in outlying regions, epidemiological monitoring in Brazil for STEC needs to be expanded and food safety standards for this pathogen should be aligned to that of the food safety standards of international bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Silva Castro
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Agronomy and Animal Science College, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060-900 Cuiabá-Mato Grosso, Brazil.
- Nutrition College, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060-900 Cuiabá-Mato Grosso, Brazil.
- Department of Food Technology, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24230-340 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Eustáquio de Souza Figueiredo
- Agronomy and Animal Science College, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060-900 Cuiabá-Mato Grosso, Brazil.
- Nutrition College, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060-900 Cuiabá-Mato Grosso, Brazil.
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, #100-5401 1st Ave. S, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4V6, Canada.
| | - Kim Stanford
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, #100-5401 1st Ave. S, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4V6, Canada.
| | - Tim McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada.
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Department of Food Technology, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24230-340 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- National Institute of Health Quality Control, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Shigatoxigenic and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in fish for human consumption. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 49:936-941. [PMID: 29891415 PMCID: PMC6175746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Shigatoxigenic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli with virulence and multidrug resistance profile were isolated from Nile tilapia. This study finding is of great importance to public health because they help understand this pathogen epidemiology in fish and demonstrate how these animals can transmit E. coli related diseases to humans.
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15
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Gomes TAT, Elias WP, Scaletsky ICA, Guth BEC, Rodrigues JF, Piazza RMF, Ferreira LCS, Martinez MB. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 47 Suppl 1:3-30. [PMID: 27866935 PMCID: PMC5156508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most Escherichia coli strains live harmlessly in the intestines and rarely cause disease in healthy individuals. Nonetheless, a number of pathogenic strains can cause diarrhea or extraintestinal diseases both in healthy and immunocompromised individuals. Diarrheal illnesses are a severe public health problem and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and young children, especially in developing countries. E. coli strains that cause diarrhea have evolved by acquiring, through horizontal gene transfer, a particular set of characteristics that have successfully persisted in the host. According to the group of virulence determinants acquired, specific combinations were formed determining the currently known E. coli pathotypes, which are collectively known as diarrheagenic E. coli. In this review, we have gathered information on current definitions, serotypes, lineages, virulence mechanisms, epidemiology, and diagnosis of the major diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia A T Gomes
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Waldir P Elias
- Instituto Butantan, Laboratório de Bacterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabel C A Scaletsky
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz E C Guth
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana F Rodrigues
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roxane M F Piazza
- Instituto Butantan, Laboratório de Bacterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís C S Ferreira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina B Martinez
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Impact of Some Ecological Factors on Fecal Contamination of Drinking Water by Diarrheagenic Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli in Zagazig City, Egypt. Int J Microbiol 2016; 2016:6240703. [PMID: 27725834 PMCID: PMC5048019 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6240703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Fecal contamination of drinking water is a major health problem which accounts for many cases of diarrhea mainly in infants and foreigners. This contamination is a complex interaction of many parameters. Antibiotic resistance among bacterial isolates complicates the problem. The study was done to identify fecal contamination of drinking water by Diarrheagenic Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli in Zagazig city and to trace reasons for such contamination, three hundred potable water samples were investigated for E. coli existence. Locations of E. coli positive samples were investigated in relation to population density, water source, and type of water pipe. Sixteen E. coli strains were isolated. Antibiotic sensitivity was done and enterotoxigenic, enteropathogenic, and enterohaemorrhagic virulence genes were investigated by PCR. Probability of fecal contamination correlated with higher population density, with increased distance from Zagazig water plant, and with asbestos cement water pipes. Resistance to at least one antimicrobial drug was found in all isolates. Virulence genes were detected in a rate of 26.27%, 13.13%, 20%, 6.67%, and 33.33% for LT, ST, stx1, stx2, and eae genes, respectively. This relatively high frequency of fecal contamination points towards the high risk of developing diarrhea by antibiotic resistant DEC in low socioeconomic communities particularly with old fashion distribution systems.
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Peresi JTM, Almeida IAZCD, Vaz TMI, Hernandes RT, Teixeira ISDC, Silva SIDLE, Graciano RAS, Pinheiro SR, dos Santos LF. Search for diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in raw kibbe samples reveals the presence of Shiga toxin-producing strains. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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