1
|
Yamamoto Y. Roles of flavoprotein oxidase and the exogenous heme- and quinone-dependent respiratory chain in lactic acid bacteria. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2024; 43:183-191. [PMID: 38966056 PMCID: PMC11220326 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2024-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a type of bacteria that convert carbohydrates into lactate through fermentation metabolism. While LAB mainly acquire energy through this anaerobic process, they also have oxygen-consuming systems, one of which is flavoprotein oxidase and the other is exogenous heme- or heme- and quinone-dependent respiratory metabolism. Over the past two decades, research has contributed to the understanding of the roles of these oxidase machineries, confirming their suspected roles and uncovering novel functions. This review presents the roles of these oxidase machineries, which are anticipated to be critical for the future applications of LAB in industry and comprehending the virulence of pathogenic streptococci.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Cellular Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1 Higashi, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aumiller K, Scheffler R, Stevens ET, Güvener ZT, Tung E, Grimaldo AB, Carlson HK, Deutschbauer AM, Taga ME, Marco ML, Ludington WB. A chemically-defined growth medium to support Lactobacillus-Acetobacter sp. community analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292585. [PMID: 37824485 PMCID: PMC10569604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli and Acetobacter sp. are commercially important bacteria that often form communities in natural fermentations, including food preparations, spoilage, and in the digestive tract of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Communities of these bacteria are widespread and prolific, despite numerous strain-specific auxotrophies, suggesting they have evolved nutrient interdependencies that regulate their growth. The use of a chemically-defined medium (CDM) supporting the growth of both groups of bacteria would facilitate the identification of the molecular mechanisms for the metabolic interactions between them. While numerous CDMs have been developed that support specific strains of lactobacilli or Acetobacter, there has not been a medium formulated to support both genera. We developed such a medium, based on a previous CDM designed for growth of lactobacilli, by modifying the nutrient abundances to improve growth yield. We further simplified the medium by substituting casamino acids in place of individual amino acids and the standard Wolfe's vitamins and mineral stocks in place of individual vitamins and minerals, resulting in a reduction from 40 to 8 stock solutions. These stock solutions can be used to prepare several CDM formulations that support robust growth of numerous lactobacilli and Acetobacters. Here, we provide the composition and several examples of its use, which is important for tractability in dissecting the genetic and metabolic basis of natural bacterial species interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Aumiller
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Robert Scheffler
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Eric T. Stevens
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Zehra T. Güvener
- Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Emily Tung
- Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Anna B. Grimaldo
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Hans K. Carlson
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Adam M. Deutschbauer
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Michiko E. Taga
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Maria L. Marco
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - William B. Ludington
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Growth Kinetics of Lactobacillus plantarum in Sesame Seed Protein Extract Media. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-022-00573-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
4
|
Mejía-Gomez CE, Rios-Estepa R, Gonzalez-Lopez LA, Balcazar-Morales N. An experimental and in silico analysis of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei isolated from whey shows an association between lactate production and amino acid catabolism. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20211071. [PMID: 35946647 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220211071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of lactic acid from agroindustry waste products, such as whey, heavily relies on microorganisms within the genusLactobacillus. In this work, a genome-scale metabolic model was implemented from Vinay-Lara (iLca334_548), improved adding some enzymatic reactions and used to analyse metabolic fluxes ofLacticaseibacillus paracasei, which is aLactobacillusstrain isolated from whey used in the large-scale production of lactic acid. Overall, the highest rate of lactic acid productivity was 2.9 g l-1h-1, which equates to a dilution rate of 0.125 h-1, when continuous culture conditions were established. Restrictions on lactic acid production caused by exchange reactions, complex culture medium and intracellular metabolite concentrations were considered and included in the model. In total, theiLca334_548 model consisted of 1046 reactions and 959 metabolites, and flow balance analysis better predicted lactate flux than biomass. The distribution of fluxes exhibited an increase in lactate formation as biomass decreased. This finding is supported by the reactions carried out by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate formate lyase and ribose-5-phosphate isomerase, corroborating the modelled phenotype with experimental data. In conclusion, there is potential for the improvement of lactate production in a complex media by amino acid catabolism, especially when lactate is derived from pyruvate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Mejía-Gomez
- Grupo de Biotransformación, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70, N° 52-21, 050010 Medellin, Colombia
| | - Rigoberto Rios-Estepa
- Grupo de Bioprocesos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Calle 70, N° 52-21, 050010 Medellin, Colombia
| | - Luis Alberto Gonzalez-Lopez
- Grupo de Química Orgánica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70, N° 52-21, 050010 Medellin, Colombia
| | - Norman Balcazar-Morales
- Grupo de Genética Molecular y Departamento de Fisiología y Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 62 N° 52-59, 050010 Medellín, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Changes of bacterial microbiota and volatile flavor compounds in ewe milk during dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma processing. Food Res Int 2022; 159:111607. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
6
|
Kwoji ID, Okpeku M, Adeleke MA, Aiyegoro OA. Formulation of Chemically Defined Media and Growth Evaluation of Ligilactobacillus salivarius ZJ614 and Limosilactobacillus reuteri ZJ625. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:865493. [PMID: 35602032 PMCID: PMC9121020 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.865493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria are increasingly becoming important dietary supplements due to their health benefits when consumed in adequate quantity. The increasing attention on these important microbes has necessitated an in-depth understanding of their physiological processes, such as nutritional requirements and growth patterns, to better harness their probiotic potentials. This study was carried out to determine the nutritional requirements for the growth of L. salivarius ZJ614 and L. reuteri ZJ625 from a chemically defined medium and evaluate growth kinetics by fitting different sigmoidal growth models. The complete CDM contains 49 nutritional ingredients such as glucose, Tween 80®, mineral salts, buffers, amino acids, vitamins, and nucleotides at defined concentrations. In addition, the minimal nutritional requirements of the isolates were determined in a series of single-omission experiments (SOEs) to compose the MDM. Growth curve data were generated by culturing in an automated 96-well micro-plate reader at 37°C for 36 h, and photometric readings (optical density: OD600) were taken. The data were summarized in tables and charts using Microsoft Excel, while growth evaluation was carried out using open-source software (Curveball) on Python. The results revealed that omission of the amino acids, vitamins, and nucleotides groups resulted in 2.0, 20.17, and 60.24% (for L. salivarius ZJ614) and 0.95, 42.7, and 70.5% (for L. reuteri ZJ625) relative growths, respectively. Elimination of the individual CDM components also indicates varying levels of growth by the strains. The growth curve data revealed LogisticLag2 and Baranyi–Roberts models as the best fits for L. reuteri ZJ625 and L. salivarius ZJ614, respectively. All the strains showed appreciable growth on the CDM and MDM as observed in de Man–Rogosa–Sharpe (MRS) broth. We also described the growth kinetics of L. reuteri ZJ625 and L. salivarius ZJ614 in the CDM, and the best models revealed the estimated growth parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iliya Dauda Kwoji
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa
| | - Moses Okpeku
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa
| | - Matthew Adekunle Adeleke
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Matthew Adekunle Adeleke
| | - Olayinka Ayobami Aiyegoro
- Gastrointestinal Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Agricultural Research Council-Animal Production Institute Irene, Pretoria, South Africa
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maciel da Silva R, Henrique Campelo P, Rodrigues S. In vitro viability of L. Casei B-442 and fructooligosaccharides integrity in Amazonian sapota-do-solimões functional juice. Food Res Int 2022; 154:111036. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
8
|
Zhang A, Zhang Z, Zhang K, Liu X, Lin X, Zhang Z, Bao T, Feng Z. Nutrient consumption patterns of Lactobacillus plantarum and their application in suancai. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 354:109317. [PMID: 34225032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to control the fermentation time and nitrite content of suancai prepared with Lactobacillus plantarum. According to analyses of the consumption amount and rate of nutrients, growth-stimulating nutrients, essential nutrients and nutrients accelerating the fermentation process of suancai, Asp, Thr, Glu, Cys, Tyr, Mg2+, Mn2+ and inosine were selected as additions to suancai prepared with L. plantarum. The fermentation time and nitrite content of suancai supplemented with nutrients and prepared with L. plantarum were shortened by 2 days and 5 days and reduced by approximately 0.1-fold and 0.7-fold, respectively, compared with unsupplemented suancai prepared with L. plantarum at 25 °C and 10 °C. The fermentation time and nitrite content of suancai supplemented with nutrients and prepared with L. plantarum were shortened by 6 days and 15 days and reduced by approximately 0.17-fold and 0.8-fold, respectively, compared with suancai undergoing spontaneous fermentation at 25 °C and 10 °C. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in sensory properties in suancai. The results of this study indicated that certain nutrients accelerated the growth of L. plantarum and reduced the fermentation time and nitrite content of suancai prepared with L. plantarum. These findings help to establish a foundation for the practical use of nutrients to control the fermentation of suancai.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zongcai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Kenan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xue Lin
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tianyu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhen Feng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ding R, Liu Y, Yang S, Liu Y, Shi H, Yue X, Wu R, Wu J. High-throughput sequencing provides new insights into the roles and implications of core microbiota present in pasteurized milk. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109586. [PMID: 33233194 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Residual microorganisms in dairy products are closely related to their quality deterioration and safety. Based on the minimum sterilization conditions required by Grade A Pasteurized Milk Ordinance, this study explored the microbiota present in milk products that were high temperature short time pasteurized at 72, 75, 80, 83, or 85 °C for 15 s, 20 s, and 30 s separately. Based on high-throughput sequencing results, 6 phyla and 18 genera were identified as dominant microbiota. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the maior bacteria in phyla, and each comprising more than 50%. Pseudomonas was account for more than 42% of all the genera detected in all samples. Moreover, the changes in flavor substances in pasteurized milk, including 16 free amino acids, 9 fatty acids, and 17 volatile compounds, were detected using principal component and multi factor analyses. The Pearson correlation coefficient analysis identified six bacteria genera as the core functional microbiota that significantly affected the flavor compounds and the safety and quality of pasteurized milk. Interestingly, Pseudomonas, Omithimimicrobium, Cyanobacteria and Corynebacterium had positive correlations with the flavor substances, whereas Streptococcus and Paeniclostridium had significant negative correlations with these substances. The results may help enhance the quality control of dairy products and can be used as indicators of microbial contamination of pasteurized dairy products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Ding
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Foreign Languages, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China
| | - Yumeng Liu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China
| | - Haisu Shi
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China
| | - Xiqing Yue
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China
| | - Rina Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China.
| | - Junrui Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang Y, Meng L, Ai M, Qiao Y, Liu G, Fan X, Lv X, Feng Z. Nutrient requirements of Lactobacillus casei Shirota and their application in fermented milk. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
11
|
Maresca D, De Filippis F, Robertiello A, Mauriello G. Metabolic Profiling and Cold-Starvation Stress Response of Oxygen-Tolerant Lactobacillus gasseri Strains Cultured in Batch Bioreactor. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7070200. [PMID: 31311070 PMCID: PMC6680863 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7070200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic and genotypic evidence indicates that many LAB strains can grow in presence of oxygen and can shift from fermentative to aerobic and/or respiratory metabolism. The aerobic and respiratory growth of several LAB species have been studied, allowing the selection of strains showing improved biomass production, long-term survival, and resistance under oxygen and stress conditions. The aim of this work was to observe the adaptation of two Lactobacillus gasseri strains, described in a previous work, to aerobic (air injection) and respiratory (air injection plus hemin and menaquionone) conditions obtained in a batch bioreactor. One strain showed the higher biomass production and oxygen consumption as well as the lower acidification in respiratory condition. Instead, the other one grew better in aerobic condition, even though the higher resistance to cold-starvation stress was registered in respiratory condition. In silico analysis revealed notable differences between AL3 and AL5 genomes and that of the type strain. This work contributes to understanding the adaptation response of lactobacilli to aerobic and respiratory metabolism. We demonstrated that the supposed activation of respiratory metabolism may provide several modifications to cell physiology. These features may be relevant in some technological and health-promoting applications, including starter and probiotic formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diamante Maresca
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Francesca De Filippis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Alessandro Robertiello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Mauriello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Factors affecting gene expression and activity of heme- and manganese-dependent catalases in Lactobacillus casei strains. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 280:66-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
13
|
Duar RM, Lin XB, Zheng J, Martino ME, Grenier T, Pérez-Muñoz ME, Leulier F, Gänzle M, Walter J. Lifestyles in transition: evolution and natural history of the genus Lactobacillus. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2017; 41:S27-S48. [DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
14
|
Zotta T, Tabanelli G, Montanari C, Ianniello R, Parente E, Gardini F, Ricciardi A. Tween 80 and respiratory growth affect metabolite production and membrane fatty acids inLactobacillus caseiN87. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 122:759-769. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Zotta
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione-CNR; Avellino Italy
| | - G. Tabanelli
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Agroalimentare; Università degli Studi di Bologna; Sede di Cesena Italy
| | - C. Montanari
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Agroalimentare; Università degli Studi di Bologna; Sede di Cesena Italy
| | - R.G. Ianniello
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie; Forestali; Alimentari e Ambientali; Università degli Studi della Basilicata; Potenza Italy
| | - E. Parente
- Dipartimento di Scienze; Università degli Studi della Basilicata; Potenza Italy
| | - F. Gardini
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Agroalimentare; Università degli Studi di Bologna; Sede di Cesena Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroalimentari; Alma Mater Studiorum; Università degli Studi di Bologna; Cesena Italy
| | - A. Ricciardi
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie; Forestali; Alimentari e Ambientali; Università degli Studi della Basilicata; Potenza Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Development of a Chemically Defined Medium for Better Yield and Purification of Enterocin Y31 fromEnterococcus faeciumY31. J FOOD QUALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/9017452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The macro- and micronutrients in traditional medium, such as MRS, used for cultivating lactic acid bacteria, especially for bacteriocin production, have not been defined, preventing the quantitative monitoring of metabolic flux during bacteriocin biosynthesis. To enhance Enterocin Y31 production and simplify steps of separation and purification, we developed a simplified chemically defined medium (SDM) for the growth ofEnterococcus faeciumY31 and production of its bacteriocin, Enterocin Y31. We found that the bacterial growth was unrelated to Enterocin Y31 production in MRS; therefore, both the growth rate and the Enterocin Y31 production were set as the index for investigation. Single omission experiments revealed that 5 g/L NaCl, five vitamins, two nucleic acid bases, MgSO4·7H2O, MnSO4·4H2O, KH2PO4, K2HPO4, CH3COONa, fourteen amino acids, and glucose were essential for the strain’s growth and Enterocin Y31 production. Thus, a novel simplified and defined medium (SDM) was formulated with 30 components in total. Consequently, Enterocin Y31 production yield was higher in SDM as compared to either MRS or CDM. SDM improved the Enterocin Y31 production and simplified the steps of purification (only two steps), which has broad potential applications.
Collapse
|