1
|
Podlech J. Natural resorcylic lactones derived from alternariol. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:2171-2207. [PMID: 39224229 PMCID: PMC11368053 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In this overview, naturally occurring resorcylic lactones biosynthetically derived from alternariol and almost exclusively produced by fungi, are discussed with view on their isolation, structure, biological activities, biosynthesis, and total syntheses. This class of compounds consists until now of 127 naturally occurring compounds, with very divers structural motifs. Although only a handful of these toxins (i.e., alternariol and its 9-O-methyl ether, altenusin, dehydroaltenusin, altertenuol, and altenuene) were frequently found and isolated as fungal contaminants in food and feed and have been investigated in significant detail, further metabolites, which were much more rarely found as natural products, similarly show interesting biological activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Podlech
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gupta A, Vasundhara M. Withanolides production by the endophytic fungus Penicillium oxalicum associated with Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:215. [PMID: 38802663 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Withanolides are steroidal lactones with diverse bioactive potential and their production from plant sources varies with genotype, age, culture conditions, and geographical region. Endophytic fungi serve as an alternative source to produce withanolides, like their host plant, Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. The present study aimed to isolate endophytic fungi capable of producing withanolides, characterization and investigation of biological activities of these molecules. The methanolic fungal crude extract of one of the fungal isolates WSE16 showed maximum withanolide production (219 mg/L). The fungal isolate WSE16 was identified as Penicillium oxalicum based on its morphological and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis and submitted in NCBI (accession number OR888725). The methanolic crude extract of P. oxalicum was further purified by column chromatography, and collected fractions were assessed for the presence of withanolides. Fractions F3 and F4 showed a higher content of withanolides (51.8 and 59.1 mg/L, respectively) than other fractions. Fractions F3 and F4 exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with an IC50 of 23.52 and 17.39 µg/ml, respectively. These fractions also showed antioxidant activity (DPPH assay with IC50 of 39.42 and 38.71 µg/ml, superoxide anion scavenging assay with IC50 of 41.10 and 38.84 µg/ml, and reducing power assay with IC50 of 42.61 and 41.40 µg/ml, respectively) and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (IC50 of 30.34 and 22.05 µg/ml, respectively). The withanolides present in fraction 3 and fraction 4 were identified as (20S, 22R)-1a-Acetoxy-27-hydroxywitha-5, 24-dienolide-3b-(O-b-D-glucopyranoside) and withanamide A, respectively, using UV, FTIR, HRMS, and NMR analysis. These results suggest that P. oxalicum, an endophytic fungus isolated from W. somnifera, is a potential source for producing bioactive withanolides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - M Vasundhara
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pant A, Vasundhara M. Endophytic fungi: a potential source for drugs against central nervous system disorders. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1479-1499. [PMID: 37165297 PMCID: PMC10485218 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroprotection is one of the important protection methods against neuronal cells and tissue damage caused by neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and multiple sclerosis. Various bioactive compounds produced by medicinal plants can potentially treat central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Apart from these resources, endophytes also produce diverse secondary metabolites capable of protecting the CNS. The bioactive compounds produced by endophytes play essential roles in enhancing the growth factors, antioxidant defence functions, diminishing neuroinflammatory, and apoptotic pathways. The efficacy of compounds produced by endophytic fungi was also evaluated by enzymes, cell lines, and in vivo models. Acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibition is frequently used to assess in vitro neuroprotective activity along with cytotoxicity-induced neuronal cell lines. Some of drugs, such as tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, and other compounds, are generally used as reference standards. Furthermore, clinical trials are required to confirm the role of these natural compounds in neuroprotection efficacy and evaluate their safety profile. This review illustrates the production of various bioactive compounds produced by endophytic fungi and their role in preventing neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anushree Pant
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - M Vasundhara
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Verhasselt HL, Ramakrishnan E, Schlag M, Marchesi JR, Buer J, Kleinschnitz C, Hagenacker T, Totzeck A. Fungal Gut Microbiome in Myasthenia Gravis: A Sub-Analysis of the MYBIOM Study. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050569. [PMID: 37233280 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An altered gut microbiota is a possible contributing pathogenic factor in myasthenia gravis (MG), an autoimmune neuromuscular disease. However, the significance of the fungal microbiome is an understudied and neglected part of the intestinal microbiome in MG. We performed a sub-analysis of the MYBIOM study including faecal samples from patients with MG (n = 41), non-inflammatory neurological disorder (NIND, n = 18), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP, n = 6) and healthy volunteers (n = 12) by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). Fungal reads were obtained in 51 out of 77 samples. No differences were found in alpha-diversity indices computed between the MG, NIND, CIDP and HV groups, indicating an unaltered fungal diversity and structure. Overall, four mould species (Penicillium aurantiogriseum, Mycosphaerella tassiana, Cladosporium ramonetellum and Alternaria betae-kenyensis) and five yeast species (Candida. albicans, Candida. sake, Candida. dubliniensis, Pichia deserticola and Kregervanrija delftensis) were identified. Besides one MG patient with abundant Ca. albicans, no prominent dysbiosis in the MG group of the mycobiome was found. Not all fungal sequences within all groups were successfully assigned, so further sub-analysis was withdrawn, limiting robust conclusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hedda Luise Verhasselt
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Elakiya Ramakrishnan
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Melina Schlag
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Julian R Marchesi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Jan Buer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Kleinschnitz
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Tim Hagenacker
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Totzeck
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cholinesterase Inhibitors from an Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus niveus Fv-er401: Metabolomics, Isolation and Molecular Docking. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062559. [PMID: 36985531 PMCID: PMC10052609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease poses a global health concern with unmet demand requiring creative approaches to discover new medications. In this study, we investigated the chemical composition and the anticholinesterase activity of Aspergillus niveus Fv-er401 isolated from Foeniculum vulgare (Apiaceae) roots. Fifty-eight metabolites were identified using UHPLC-MS/MS analysis of the crude extract. The fungal extract showed acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitory effects with IC50 53.44 ± 1.57 and 48.46 ± 0.41 µg/mL, respectively. Two known metabolites were isolated, terrequinone A and citrinin, showing moderate AChE and BuChE inhibitory activity using the Ellman’s method (IC50 = 11.10 ± 0.38 µg/mL and 5.06 ± 0.15 µg/mL, respectively for AChE, and IC50 15.63 ± 1.27 µg/mL and 8.02 ± 0.08 µg/mL, respectively for BuChE). As evidenced by molecular docking, the isolated compounds and other structurally related metabolites identified by molecular networking had the required structural features for AChE and BuChE inhibition. Where varioxiranol G (−9.76 and −10.36 kcal/mol), penicitrinol B (−9.50 and −8.02 kcal/mol), dicitrinol A (−8.53 and −7.98 kcal/mol) and asterriquinone CT5 (−8.02 and −8.25 kcal/mol) showed better binding scores as AChE and BuChE inhibitors than the co-crystallized inhibitor (between −7.89 and 7.82 kcal/mol) making them promising candidates for the development of new drugs to treat Alzheimer’s.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou ZY, Liu X, Cui JL, Wang JH, Wang ML, Zhang G. Endophytic fungi and their bioactive secondary metabolites in medicinal leguminosae plants: Nearly untapped medical resources. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022; 369:6615458. [PMID: 35746878 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many species of Chinese traditional leguminosae family plants that are well known for their medicinal applications, such as Astragalus membranaceus, Catsia tora, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Sophora flavescens and Albacia acacia. Their unique bioactive composition and internal phenological environment contribute to the formation of specific and unique endophytic fungal communities, which are important resources for new compounds used in a variety of pharmacological activities. Nonetheless, they have not been systematically studied. In the last decade, nearly 64 genera and thousands of species of endophytic fungi have been discovered from leguminosae plants, as well as 138 secondary metabolites (with 34 new compounds) including flavonoid, alkaloids, phenol, anthraquinone, macrolide, terpenoid, phytohormone and many more. They were shown to have diverse applications and benefits, such as antibacterial, antitumor, antioxidative, immunoregulatory and neuroprotective properties. Here, we provide a summarized overview with the aim of raising awareness of endophytic fungi from medicinal leguminosae plants and providing a comprehensive review of the discoveries of new natural products that may be of medicinal and pharmaceutical importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ya Zhou
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China.,Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Liu
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China.,Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Long Cui
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hong Wang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Liang Wang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Century Avenue, Xianyang 712046, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tuzimski T, Petruczynik A. Determination of Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Activity of Selected Plant Ingredients. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103222. [PMID: 35630702 PMCID: PMC9147832 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, among which one of the more common is Alzheimer’s disease, are the one of the biggest global public health challenges facing our generation because of the increasing elderly population in most countries. With the growing burden of these diseases, it is essential to discover and develop new treatment options capable of preventing and treating them. Neurodegenerative diseases, among which one of the most common is Alzheimer’s disease, are a multifactorial disease and therefore demand multiple therapeutic approaches. One of the most important therapeutic strategies is controlling the level of acetylcholine—a neurotransmitter in cholinergic synapses—by blocking the degradation of acetylcholine using acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as tacrine, galantamine, donepezil and rivastigmine. However, these drugs can cause some adverse side effects, such as hepatotoxicity and gastrointestinal disorder. Thus, the search for new, more effective drugs is very important. In the last few years, different active constituents from plants have been tested as potential drugs in neurodegenerative disease therapy. The availability, lower price and less toxic effects of herbal medicines compared with synthetic agents make them a simple and excellent choice in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The empirical approach to discovering new drugs from the systematic screening of plant extracts or plant-derived compounds is still an important strategy when it comes to finding new biologically active substances. The aim of this review is to identify new, safe and effective compounds that are potential candidates for further in vivo and clinical tests from which more effective drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease could be selected. We reviewed the methods used to determine anti-Alzheimer’s disease activity. Here, we have discussed the relevance of plant-derived compounds with in vitro activity. Various plants and phytochemical compounds have shown different activity that could be beneficial in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disorders. Most often, medicinal plants and their active components have been investigated as acetylcholinesterase and/or butyrylcholinesterase activity inhibitors, modifiers of β-amyloid processing and antioxidant agents. This study also aims to highlight species with assessed efficacy, usable plant parts and the most active plant components in order to identify species and compounds of interest for further study. Future research directions are suggested and recommendations made to expand the use of medicinal plants, their formulations and plant-derived active compounds to prevent, mitigate and treat Alzheimer’s disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Tuzimski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Petruczynik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (A.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Phuna ZX, Madhavan P. A CLOSER LOOK AT THE MYCOBIOME IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: FUNGAL SPECIES, PATHOGENESIS AND TRANSMISSION. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:1291-1321. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xin Phuna
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University Malaysia Subang Jaya Selangor
| | - Priya Madhavan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University Malaysia Subang Jaya Selangor
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Salimova D, Dalinova A, Dubovik V, Senderskiy I, Stepanycheva E, Tomilova O, Hu Q, Berestetskiy A. Entomotoxic Activity of the Extracts from the Fungus, Alternaria tenuissima and Its Major Metabolite, Tenuazonic Acid. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:774. [PMID: 34575812 PMCID: PMC8468458 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of fungal antibiotics in their competitive interactions with arthropods may lead to the development of novel biorational insecticides. Extracts of Alternaria tenuissima MFP253011 obtained using various methods showed a wide range of biological activities, including entomotoxic properties. Analysis of their composition and bioactivity allowed us to reveal several known mycotoxins and unidentified compounds that may be involved in the entomotoxic activity of the extracts. Among them, tenuazonic acid (TeA), which was the major component of the A. tenuissima extracts, was found the most likely to have larvicidal activity against Galleria mellonella. In the intrahaemocoel injection bioassay, TeA was toxic to G. mellonella and of Zophobas morio with an LT50 of 6 and 2 days, respectively, at the level of 50 µg/larva. Administered orally, TeA inhibited the growth of G. mellonella larvae and caused mortality of Acheta domesticus adults (LT50 7 days) at a concentration of 250 µg/g of feed. TeA showed weak contact intestinal activity against the two phytophages, Tetranychus urticae and Schizaphis graminum, causing 15% and 27% mortality at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, respectively. TeA was cytotoxic to the Sf9 cell line (IC50 25 µg/mL). Thus, model insects such as G. mellonella could be used for further toxicological characterization of TeA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Salimova
- Department of Phytotoxicology and Biotechnology, All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Podbelskogo Shosse, 3, Pushkin, 196608 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (D.S.); (A.D.); (V.D.); (I.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Anna Dalinova
- Department of Phytotoxicology and Biotechnology, All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Podbelskogo Shosse, 3, Pushkin, 196608 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (D.S.); (A.D.); (V.D.); (I.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Vsevolod Dubovik
- Department of Phytotoxicology and Biotechnology, All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Podbelskogo Shosse, 3, Pushkin, 196608 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (D.S.); (A.D.); (V.D.); (I.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Igor Senderskiy
- Department of Phytotoxicology and Biotechnology, All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Podbelskogo Shosse, 3, Pushkin, 196608 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (D.S.); (A.D.); (V.D.); (I.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Elena Stepanycheva
- Department of Phytotoxicology and Biotechnology, All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Podbelskogo Shosse, 3, Pushkin, 196608 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (D.S.); (A.D.); (V.D.); (I.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Oksana Tomilova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Frunze Str. 11, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Qiongbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Alexander Berestetskiy
- Department of Phytotoxicology and Biotechnology, All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Podbelskogo Shosse, 3, Pushkin, 196608 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (D.S.); (A.D.); (V.D.); (I.S.); (E.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dos Santos R, Morais-Urano RP, Marçal RM, Silva GH, Santos MFC. Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition by nectriapyrone and tryptophol isolated from endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:4153-4158. [PMID: 34498969 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1960327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors are currently the main drugs used to treat the cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Dual cholinesterase inhibitors, that is, compounds capable of inhibiting both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), are considered a new potential approach for the long-term treatment of patients with AD. We evaluated the ethyl acetate extract of Phomopsis sp., grown in liquid medium malt extract and potato dextrose (PDB), an endophyte isolated from the Brazilian medicinal plant Hancornia speciosa. The anticholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activities were evaluated. The extracts exhibited dual action against AChE and BuChE. The compounds isolated from these extracts, nectriapyrone (1) and tryptophol (2), showed inhibitory action on BuChE (IC50 = 29.05 and 34.15 μM respectively), being selective towards BuChE. The discovery of selective BuChE inhibitors is extremely important for the development of drugs that can be used in the treatment of patients diagnosed with AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosiane Dos Santos
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | | | - Rosilene M Marçal
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Geraldo H Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Rio Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Mário F C Santos
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Franca, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sang X, Yang M, Su J. Research on endophytic fungi for producing huperzine A on a large-scale. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 46:654-664. [PMID: 32970952 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1819771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Huperzine A (HupA) is an effective inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and has attracted great interest as a therapeutic candidate for Alzheimer's disease. However, the use of HupA is limited by resource scarcity as well as by its low yields from Huperzia serrata, its primary plant source. Recent studies have shown that this compound is produced by various endophytic fungi, thereby providing a promising alternative source, as fungi are much more amenable than plants owing to their simpler genetics and the ease of manipulation. In this review, we summarize the progress in research on the methods to increase HupA production, including fermentation conditions, fungal elicitors, gene expression, and the activation of key enzymes. This review provides guidance for further studies on HupA-producing endophytic fungi aimed at efficient HupA synthesis and accumulation, and offers new approaches for studies on the regulation of high-value bioactive secondary metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Minhe Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Jingqian Su
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dalinova AA, Salimova DR, Berestetskiy AO. Fungi of the Genera Alternaria as Producers of Biological Active Compounds and Mycoherbicides. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683820030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
13
|
Zaki AG, El-Sayed ESR, Abd Elkodous M, El-Sayyad GS. Microbial acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's therapy: recent trends on extraction, detection, irradiation-assisted production improvement and nano-structured drug delivery. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4717-4735. [PMID: 32285176 PMCID: PMC7223626 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10560-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Neurodegenerative disorders especially Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are significantly threatening the public health. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are compounds of great interest which can be used as effective agents for the symptomatic treatment of AD. Although plants are considered the largest source for these types of inhibitors, the microbial production of AChE inhibitors represents an efficient, easily manipulated, eco-friendly, cost-effective, and alternative approach. This review highlights the recent advances on the microbial production of AChE inhibitors and summarizes all the previously reported successful studies on isolation, screening, extraction, and detecting methodologies of AChE inhibitors from the microbial fermentation, from the earliest trials to the most promising anti-AD drug, huperzine A (HupA). In addition, improvement strategies for maximizing the industrial production of AChE inhibitors by microbes will be discussed. Finally, the promising applications of nano-material-based drug delivery systems for natural AChE inhibitor (HupA) will also be summarized. Key Points • AChE inhibitors are potential therapies for Alzheimer’s disease. • Microorganisms as alternate sources for prospective production of such inhibitors. • Research advances on extraction, detection, and strategies for production improvement. • Nanotechnology-based approaches for an effective drug delivery for Alzheimer’s disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amira G Zaki
- Plant Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - El-Sayed R El-Sayed
- Plant Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Abd Elkodous
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan.,Center for Nanotechnology (CNT), School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nile University, Sheikh Zayed, Giza, 16453, Egypt
| | - Gharieb S El-Sayyad
- Drug Microbiology Lab, Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt. .,Chemical Engineering Department, Egyptian Armed Forces, Military Technical College (MTC), Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zaki AG, El-Shatoury EH, Ahmed AS, Al-Hagar OEA. Production and enhancement of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, huperzine A, from an endophytic Alternaria brassicae AGF041. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:5867-5878. [PMID: 31119352 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09897-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Huperzine A (HupA) is a potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor of a great consideration as a prospective drug candidate for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Production of HupA by endophytes offers an alternative challenge to reduce the massive plant harvest needed to meet the increasing demand of HupA. In the current study, some endophytic fungal and actinobacterial isolates from the Chinese herb, Huperzia serrata, underwent liquid fermentation, alkaloid extraction, and screening for AChE inhibition and HupA production. Among these isolates, Alternaria brassicae AGF041 strain was the only positive strain for HupA production with the maximum AChE inhibition of 75.5%. Chromatographic analyses verified the identity of the produced HupA. The HupA production was efficiently maximized up to 42.89 μg/g of dry mycelia, after optimization of thirteen process parameters using multifactorial statistical approaches, Plackett-Burman and central composite designs. The statistical optimization resulted in a 40.8% increase in HupA production. This is the first report to isolate endophytic actinobacteria with anti-AChE activity from H. serrata, and to identify an endophytic fungus A. brassicae as a new promising start strain for a higher HupA yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amira G Zaki
- Plant Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Einas H El-Shatoury
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf S Ahmed
- Plant Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola E A Al-Hagar
- Plant Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sudharshana TN, Venkatesh HN, Nayana B, Manjunath K, Mohana DC. Anti-microbial and anti-mycotoxigenic activities of endophytic Alternaria alternata isolated from Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don.: molecular characterisation and bioactive compound isolation. Mycology 2019; 10:40-48. [PMID: 30834151 PMCID: PMC6394321 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2018.1541933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the anti-microbial and anti-mycotoxigenic activities of the ethyl acetate extract (EA) and a bioactive compound obtained from an endophytic fungus Alternaria alternata isolated from Catharanthus roseus leaves. A. alternata was identified using PCR-based 5.8S rDNA sequencing. The EA and bioactive compound, p-Coumaric acid (PC), showed concentration-dependent broad-spectrum anti-microbial activity against the tested bacteria, yeast, and fungi with MICs ranging from 7.8 to 250 µg/mL. The in vitro production of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) from Aspergillus flavus and fumonisin B1 (FB1) from Fusarium verticillioides was completely inhibited by EA and PC at 400 µg/mL. The synthesis of the membrane-bound ergosterol from A. flavus and F. verticillioides was strongly inhibited by PC at 200 µg/mL. The EA and PC were found to show significant anti-microbial and anti-mycotoxigenic activities, hence, they could be explored as protective agents for preventing microbial deterioration and mycotoxins accumulation in food and feedstuffs during pre- and post-harvest and storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. N. Sudharshana
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, India
| | - H. N. Venkatesh
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Borah Nayana
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, India
| | - K. Manjunath
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, India
| | - D. C. Mohana
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee S, Youn K, Kim DH, Ahn MR, Yoon E, Kim OY, Jun M. Anti-Neuroinflammatory Property of Phlorotannins from Ecklonia cava on Aβ 25-35-Induced Damage in PC12 Cells. Mar Drugs 2018; 17:E7. [PMID: 30583515 PMCID: PMC6356621 DOI: 10.3390/md17010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by excessive accumulation of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) and progressive loss of neurons. Therefore, the inhibition of Aβ-induced neurotoxicity is a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of AD. Ecklonia cava is an edible brown seaweed, which has been recognized as a rich source of bioactive derivatives, mainly phlorotannins. In this study, phlorotannins including eckol, dieckol, 8,8'-bieckol were used as potential neuroprotective candidates for their anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects against Aβ25-35-induced damage in PC12 cells. Among the tested compounds, dieckol showed the highest effect in both suppressing intracellular oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of caspase family. Three phlorotannins were found to inhibit TNF-α, IL-1β and PGE₂ production at the protein levels. These result showed that the anti-inflammatory properties of our compounds are related to the down-regulation of proinflammatory enzymes, iNOS and COX-2, through the negative regulation of the NF-κB pathway in Aβ25-35-stimulated PC12 cells. Especially, dieckol showed the strong anti-inflammatory effects via suppression of p38, ERK and JNK. However, 8,8'-bieckol markedly decreased the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK and eckol suppressed the activation of p38. Therefore, the results of this study indicated that dieckol from E. cava might be applied as a drug candidate for the development of new generation therapeutic agents against AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungeun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
- Center for Silver-Targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Dong-A University, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
| | - Kumju Youn
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
- Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea.
| | - Mok-Ryeon Ahn
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
- Center for Silver-Targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Dong-A University, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
| | - Eunju Yoon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
| | - Oh-Yoen Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
- Center for Silver-Targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Dong-A University, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
| | - Mira Jun
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
- Center for Silver-Targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Dong-A University, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
- Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bilal S, Ali L, Khan AL, Shahzad R, Asaf S, Imran M, Kang SM, Kim SK, Lee IJ. Endophytic fungus Paecilomyces formosus LHL10 produces sester-terpenoid YW3548 and cyclic peptide that inhibit urease and α-glucosidase enzyme activities. Arch Microbiol 2018; 200:1493-1502. [PMID: 30167726 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-018-1562-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi have been used to obtain novel bioactive secondary metabolites with potential applications in medical and agricultural sectors, which can also act as lead targets for pharmaceutical and medicinal potential. In the present study, the endophytic fungus Paecilomyces formosus LHL10 isolated from the root of cucumber plant was tested for its enzyme inhibitory potential. The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of LHL10 was screened for its inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), α-glucosidase, urease, and anti-lipid peroxidation. The findings suggest that the EtOAc extract from LHL10 possesses significant inhibitory potential against urease and α-glucosidase. The EtOAc extract was thus, subjected to advanced column chromatographic techniques for the isolation of pure compounds. The structure elucidation was carried out through spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data, and these compounds were confirmed as known a sester-terpenoid (1) and a known cyclic peptide (2). The enzyme inhibition bioassay indicated that Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited remarkable inhibitory rate against α-glucosidase and urease, with an IC50 value of 61.80 ± 5.7, 75.68 ± 6.2 and 74.25 ± 4.3, 190.5 ± 10.31 µg/g, respectively. Thus, the current study concludes the enzyme inhibitory potential of endophyte LHL10 and provides the basis for further investigations of bioactive compounds, which could be used as potent drugs for enzyme inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saqib Bilal
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Liaqat Ali
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616, Nizwa, Oman.,Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sub-Campus Mianwali, Mianwali, 42200, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Raheem Shahzad
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Muhammad Imran
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kang
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kuk Kim
- Division of Crop Breeding, Gyeongsangbuk-do Provincial Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Natural Scaffolds with Multi-Target Activity for the Potential Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092182. [PMID: 30158491 PMCID: PMC6225478 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A few symptomatic drugs are currently available for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) therapy, but these molecules are only able to temporary improve the cognitive capacity of the patients if administered in the first stages of the pathology. Recently, important advances have been achieved about the knowledge of this complex condition, which is now considered a multi-factorial disease. Researchers are, thus, more oriented toward the preparation of molecules being able to contemporaneously act on different pathological features. To date, the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and of β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation as well as the antioxidant activity and the removal and/or redistribution of metal ions at the level of the nervous system are the most common investigated targets for the treatment of AD. Since many natural compounds show multiple biological properties, a series of secondary metabolites of plants or fungi with suitable structural characteristics have been selected and assayed in order to evaluate their potential role in the preparation of multi-target agents. Out of six compounds evaluated, 1 showed the best activity as an antioxidant (EC50 = 2.6 ± 0.2 μmol/µmol of DPPH) while compound 2 proved to be effective in the inhibition of AChE (IC50 = 6.86 ± 0.67 μM) and Aβ1–40 aggregation (IC50 = 74 ± 1 μM). Furthermore, compound 6 inhibited BChE (IC50 = 1.75 ± 0.59 μM) with a good selectivity toward AChE (IC50 = 86.0 ± 15.0 μM). Moreover, preliminary tests on metal chelation suggested a possible interaction between compounds 1, 3 and 4 and copper (II). Molecules with the best multi-target profiles will be used as starting hit compounds to appropriately address future studies of Structure-Activity Relationships (SARs).
Collapse
|
19
|
Xu F, Wang S, Li Y, Zheng M, Xi X, Cao H, Cui X, Guo H, Han C. Yield enhancement strategies of rare pharmaceutical metabolites from endophytes. Biotechnol Lett 2018; 40:797-807. [PMID: 29605937 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-018-2531-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Endophytes are barely untapped as vital sources in the medicine. They are microorganisms which mostly exist in plants. As they are exploited, it is accepted that endophytes can produce active metabolites that possess same function as their hosts such as taxol, podophyllotoxin, hypericin, and azadirachtin. These metabolites have been promising potential usefulness in safety and human health concerns. We are supposed to adopt measures to raise production for the low yield of metabolites. This paper summarizes the latest advances in various bioprocess optimization strategies. These techniques can overcome the limitations associated with rare pharmaceutical metabolite-producing endophytic fungi. These strategies include strain improvement, genome shuffling, medium optimization, fermentation conditions optimization, addition of specific factor, addition of solid sorbent, and co-culturing. It will enable endophytes to produce high and sustainable production of rare pharmaceutical metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangxue Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyuan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhi Xi
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunchao Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The Fungal Endobiome of Medicinal Plants: A Prospective Source of Bioactive Metabolites. MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS OF THE WORLD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5978-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|