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Brusa V, Dolev S, Signorini M, Leotta G. Quantitative microbial risk assessment of haemolytic uremic syndrome associated with Argentinean kosher beef consumption in Israel. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290182. [PMID: 37590206 PMCID: PMC10434954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS) linked to the consumption of Kosher beef produced in Argentina and consumed in Israel in children under 14 years. A probabilistic risk assessment model was developed to characterize STEC prevalence and contamination levels in the beef supply chain (cattle primary production, cattle transport, processing and storage in the abattoir, for export and at retail, and home preparation and consumption). The model was implemented in Microsoft Excel 2016 with the @Risk add-on package. Results of 302 surveys with data collected in Israel were as follows: 92.3% of people consumed beef, mostly at home, and 98.2% preferred levels of cooking that ensured STEC removal from the surface of beef cuts. The preferred degree of ground beef doneness was "well-done" (48.2%). Cooking preference ranged from red to "medium-well done" (51.8%). Median HUS probability from Argentinean beef cut and ground beef consumption in children under 14 years old was <10-15 and 8.57x10-10, respectively. The expected average annual number of HUS cases and deaths due to beef cut and ground beef consumption was zero. Risk of infection and HUS probability correlated with salting effect on E. coli count, processing raw beef before vegetables, ways of storage and refrigeration temperature at home, joint consumption of salad and beef cuts, degree of beef doneness and cutting board washing with detergent after each use with beef and vegetables. The STEC-HUS risk in Israel from consumption of bovine beef produced in Argentina was negligible. The current QMRA results were similar to those of previous beef cut consumption QMRA in Argentina and lower than any of the QMRA performed worldwide in other STEC-HUS linked to ground beef consumption. This study confirms the importance of QMRA to estimate and manage the risk of STEC-HUS from beef consumption. The impact variables identified in the sensitivity analysis allowed us to optimize resources and time management, to focus on accurate actions and to avoid taking measures that would not have an impact on the risk of STEC-HUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Brusa
- IGEVET—Instituto de Genética Veterinaria “Ing. Fernando N. Dulout” (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Sergio Dolev
- Veterinary Services and Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marcelo Signorini
- IdICaL–Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (INTA–CONICET). EEA Rafaela, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gerardo Leotta
- ICYTESAS—Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Sistemas Alimentarios Sustentables (INTA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ikeda R, Nakamura K, Saulmont M, Habets A, Duprez JN, Korsak N, Hayashi T, Thiry D, Mainil JG. Escherichia coli O80 in Healthy Cattle: Absence of Shigatoxigenic and Enteropathogenic E. coli O80:H2 and (Phylo) Genomics of Non-Clonal Complex 165 E. coli O80. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020230. [PMID: 36838195 PMCID: PMC9962692 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The origin of human and calf infections by Shigatoxigenic (STEC) and enteropathogenic (EPEC) Escherichia coli O80:H2 is still unknown. The aim of this study was to identify E. coli O80 in healthy cattle with an emphasis on melibiose non-fermenting E. coli O80:H2. Faecal materials collected from 149 bulls at 1 slaughterhouse and 194 cows on 9 farms were tested with O80 antigen-encoding gene PCR after overnight growth in enrichment broths. The 53 O80 PCR-positive broths were streaked on different (semi-)selective agar plates. Five E. coli colonies from 3 bulls and 11 from 2 cows tested positive with the O80 PCR, but no melibiose non-fermenting E. coli was isolated. However, these 16 E. coli O80 were negative with PCR targeting the fliCH2, eae, stx1, stx2 and hlyF genes and were identified by WGS to serotypes and sequence types O80:H6/ST8619 and O80:H45/ST4175. They were phylogenetically related to E. coli O80:H6 and O80:H45 isolated from different animal species in different countries, respectively, but neither to STEC and EPEC O80:H2/ST301, nor to other serotypes of the clonal complex 165. As a conclusion, healthy adult cattle were not identified as a source of contamination of humans and calves by STEC or EPEC O80:H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Ikeda
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH), University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Keiji Nakamura
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Marc Saulmont
- Association Régionale de Santé et d’Identification Animale (ARSIA), B-5590 Ciney, Belgium
| | - Audrey Habets
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH), University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Noël Duprez
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH), University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Korsak
- Food Inspection, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH), University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Tetsuya Hayashi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Damien Thiry
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH), University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| | - Jacques G. Mainil
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH), University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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Habets A, Touzain F, Lucas P, Huong NTT, Iguchi A, Crombé F, Korsak N, Piérard D, Saulmont M, Cox E, Engelen F, Mainil J, Thiry D. Identification of Five Serotypes of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli from Diarrheic Calves and Healthy Cattle in Belgium and Comparative Genomics with Shigatoxigenic E. coli. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9090492. [PMID: 36136709 PMCID: PMC9505469 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9090492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) from cattle receive little attention, although some belong to the most notorious O serotypes of attaching/effacing Shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli (AE-STEC) responsible for the uremic and hemolytic syndrome in humans, such as O26. Nevertheless, the O serotypes and virulotypes of the large majority of bovine EPEC remain unidentified. This study aimed to identify five non-classical O serotypes (O123/186, O156, O177, O182, and O183) by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) among three collections of bovine EPEC from young diarrheic calves, healthy cattle at slaughterhouses, and healthy calves in dairy farms. The virulotypes and sequence types (STs) obtained after the whole genome sequencing of several O156, O177, and O182 bovine EPEC were closely related or identical to the virulotypes and STs of ten bovine and the human AE-STEC of the same O:H serotype. This study allows us to identify more EPEC O serotypes from cattle and to speculate on their evolution. Abstract Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) produce attaching/effacing (AE) lesions and cause non-bloody diarrhea in mammals. A minority of bovine EPEC belong to one of the ten classical serotypes of human and bovine AE-STEC. The purpose of this study was to identify five non-classical O serotypes (O123/186, O156, O177, O182, and O183) among bovine EPEC and to characterize their virulence repertoires by whole genome sequencing. Around 40% of the 307 EPEC from 307 diarrheic calves, 368 EPEC from 47 healthy cattle, and 131 EPEC from 36 healthy calves in dairy farms were analyzed. Serotype O177 was the most frequent among EPEC from diarrheic and healthy calves, while the O156 was the most frequent in healthy cattle. The genomic analysis identified different H serotypes, MLSTypes, and/or eae gene subtypes among the O156 and O177 EPEC, while the O182 was homogeneous. The virulence gene profiles of bovine EPEC were closely related to each other and to the profiles of ten bovine and human AE-STEC. These results emphasize the need for additional studies to identify more O:H serotypes of bovine EPEC and to elucidate their origin and evolution of EPEC with regard to AE-STEC belonging to the same O:H serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Habets
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Fundamental and Applied Research in Animals and Heath (FARAH), University of Liège, Quartier Vallée II, Cureghem Avenue 6, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Touzain
- Viral Genetics and Bio-Security Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Pierrick Lucas
- Viral Genetics and Bio-Security Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Nguyen Thi Thu Huong
- Department of Environment and Resource Sciences, University of Miyazaki (UoM), Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iguchi
- Department of Environment and Resource Sciences, University of Miyazaki (UoM), Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Florence Crombé
- Belgian National Reference Center STEC, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Korsak
- Food Microbiology, Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Fundamental and Applied Research in Animals and Heath (FARAH), University of Liège (ULiège), B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Denis Piérard
- Belgian National Reference Center STEC, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Saulmont
- Regional Agency for Animal Health and Identification (ARSIA), B-5590 Ciney, Belgium
| | - Eric Cox
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Frederik Engelen
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jacques Mainil
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Fundamental and Applied Research in Animals and Heath (FARAH), University of Liège, Quartier Vallée II, Cureghem Avenue 6, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Damien Thiry
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Fundamental and Applied Research in Animals and Heath (FARAH), University of Liège, Quartier Vallée II, Cureghem Avenue 6, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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Brusa V, Costa M, Padola NL, Etcheverría A, Sampedro F, Fernandez PS, Leotta GA, Signorini ML. Quantitative risk assessment of haemolytic uremic syndrome associated with beef consumption in Argentina. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242317. [PMID: 33186398 PMCID: PMC7665811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a quantitative microbiological risk assessment (QMRA) of haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) associated with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC)-contaminated beef (intact beef cuts, ground beef and commercial hamburgers) in children under 15 years of age from Argentina. The QMRA was used to characterize STEC prevalence and concentration levels in each product through the Argentinean beef supply chain, including cattle primary production, cattle transport, processing and storage in the abattoir, retail and home preparation, and consumption. Median HUS probability from beef cut, ground beef and commercial hamburger consumption was <10-15, 5.4x10-8 and 3.5x10-8, respectively. The expected average annual number of HUS cases was 0, 28 and 4, respectively. Risk of infection and HUS probability were sensitive to the type of abattoir, the application or not of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) for STEC (HACCP-STEC), stx prevalence in carcasses and trimmings, storage conditions from the abattoir to retailers and home, the joint consumption of salads and beef products, and cooking preference. The QMRA results showed that the probability of HUS was higher if beef cuts (1.7x) and ground beef (1.2x) were from carcasses provided by abattoirs not applying HACCP-STEC. Thus, the use of a single sanitary standard that included the application of HACCP-STEC in all Argentinean abattoirs would greatly reduce HUS incidence. The average number of annual HUS cases estimated by the QMRA (n = 32) would explain about 10.0% of cases in children under 15 years per year in Argentina. Since other routes of contamination can be involved, including those not related to food, further research on the beef production chain, other food chains, person-to-person transmission and outbreak studies should be conducted to reduce the impact of HUS on the child population of Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Brusa
- IGEVET–Instituto de Genética Veterinaria “Ing. Fernando N. Dulout” (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Magdalena Costa
- IGEVET–Instituto de Genética Veterinaria “Ing. Fernando N. Dulout” (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nora L. Padola
- CIVETAN–Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CONICET-UNCPBA-CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias—UNCPBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía Etcheverría
- CIVETAN–Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CONICET-UNCPBA-CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias—UNCPBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Sampedro
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States of America
| | - Pablo S. Fernandez
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, España
| | - Gerardo A. Leotta
- IGEVET–Instituto de Genética Veterinaria “Ing. Fernando N. Dulout” (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo L. Signorini
- IdICaL–Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea–(INTA–CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
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Habets A, Engelen F, Duprez JN, Devleesschauwer B, Heyndrickx M, De Zutter L, Thiry D, Cox E, Mainil J. Identification of Shigatoxigenic and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Serotypes in Healthy Young Dairy Calves in Belgium by Recto-Anal Mucosal Swabbing. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7040167. [PMID: 33142734 PMCID: PMC7712179 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7040167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and Shigatoxigenic E. coli (STEC) are carried by healthy adult cattle and even more frequently by young calves in their intestinal tract, especially at the height of the recto-anal junction. The purpose of the present study was to assess the presence of ten EHEC, EPEC, and/or STEC O serotypes (O5, O26, O80, O103, O111, O118, O121, O145, O157, and O165) in calves sampled via recto-anal mucosal swabs (RAMS) at three dairy farms in Belgium. A total of 233 RAMS were collected on three consecutive occasions from healthy <6-month-old Holstein-Friesian calves and submitted to a PCR targeting the eae, stx1, and stx2 genes after non-selective overnight enrichment growth. The 148 RAMS testing positive were streaked on four (semi-)selective agar media; of the 2146 colonies tested, 294 from 69 RAMS were PCR-confirmed as EHEC, EPEC, or STEC. The most frequent virulotype was eae+ EPEC and the second one was stx1+ stx2+ STEC, while the eae+ stx1+ and eae+ stx1+ stx2+ virulotypes were the most frequent among EHEC. The majority of EHEC (73%) tested positive for one of the five O serotypes detected (O26, O103, O111, O145, or O157) vs. 23% of EPEC and 45% of STEC. Similarly, more RAMS (73%) harbored EHEC isolates positive for those five serotypes compared to EPEC (53%) or STEC (52%). This survey confirms that (i) healthy young dairy calves are asymptomatic carriers of EHEC and EPEC in Belgium; (ii) the carrier state rates, the virulotypes, and the identified O serotypes differ between farms and in time; and (iii) a majority of EPEC belong to so far unidentified O serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Habets
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Fundamental and Applied Research in Animals and Health (FARAH) and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée II, Avenue de Cureghem 6, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.H.); (J.-N.D.); (J.M.)
| | - Frederik Engelen
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (F.E.); (E.C.)
| | - Jean-Noël Duprez
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Fundamental and Applied Research in Animals and Health (FARAH) and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée II, Avenue de Cureghem 6, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.H.); (J.-N.D.); (J.M.)
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Rue Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
| | - Marc Heyndrickx
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Unit Technology and Food, Brusselsesteenweg 370, B-9090 Melle, Belgium;
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lieven De Zutter
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
| | - Damien Thiry
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Fundamental and Applied Research in Animals and Health (FARAH) and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée II, Avenue de Cureghem 6, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.H.); (J.-N.D.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eric Cox
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (F.E.); (E.C.)
| | - Jacques Mainil
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Fundamental and Applied Research in Animals and Health (FARAH) and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée II, Avenue de Cureghem 6, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.H.); (J.-N.D.); (J.M.)
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Habets A, Crombé F, Nakamura K, Guérin V, De Rauw K, Piérard D, Saulmont M, Hayashi T, Mainil JG, Thiry D. Genetic characterization of Shigatoxigenic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O80:H2 from diarrhoeic and septicaemic calves and relatedness to human Shigatoxigenic E. coli O80:H2. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:258-264. [PMID: 32599678 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this work was to identify and genetically characterize enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) O80:H2 from diarrhoeic and septicaemic calves in Belgium and to comparing them with human EHEC after whole genome sequencing. METHODS AND RESULTS Ten EHEC and 21 EPEC O80 identified by PCR between 2009 and 2018 from faeces, intestinal content and a kidney of diarrhoeic or septicaemic calves were genome sequenced and compared to 19 human EHEC identified between 2008 and 2019. They all belonged to the O80:H2 serotype and ST301, harboured the eaeξ gene, and 23 of the 29 EHEC contained the stx2d gene. Phylogenetically, they were distributed in two major sub-lineages: one comprised a majority of bovine EPEC whereas the second one comprised a majority of stx2d bovine and human EHEC. CONCLUSIONS Not only EPEC but also EHEC O80:H2 are present in diarrhoeic and septicaemic calves in Belgium and are genetically related to human EHEC. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These findings support the need to assess cattle as potential source of contamination of humans by EHEC O80:H2 and to understand the evolution of bovine and human EHEC and EPEC O80:H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Habets
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH), University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
| | - F Crombé
- Belgian National Reference Center for STEC (NRC STEC), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Nakamura
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - V Guérin
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH), University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
| | - K De Rauw
- Belgian National Reference Center for STEC (NRC STEC), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Piérard
- Belgian National Reference Center for STEC (NRC STEC), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Saulmont
- Association Régionale de Santé et d'Identification Animale (ARSIA), Ciney, Belgium
| | - T Hayashi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - J G Mainil
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH), University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
| | - D Thiry
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH), University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
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De Rauw K, Thiry D, Caljon B, Saulmont M, Mainil J, Piérard D. Characteristics of Shiga toxin producing- and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli of the emerging serotype O80:H2 isolated from humans and diarrhoeic calves in Belgium. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 25:111.e5-111.e8. [PMID: 30076975 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recently a highly virulent Escherichia coli O80:H2 pathotype carrying Shiga toxin genes, the intimin subtype eaeξ, and genes associated with the extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) pS88 plasmid was described in France. In this study we examine the relatedness of Belgian E. coli O80:H2 isolated from humans and diarrhoeic calves as well their similarities with the French pathotype. METHODS Eighteen Belgian E. coli O80:H2 strains (nine human Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) (2008-2016), two bovine STEC (1987) and seven bovine atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC) (2009-2015)) were characterized with conventional PCR, disc diffusion susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing. RESULTS Only nine sporadic human STEC O80:H2 cases have been detected in Belgium. All patients were female, just two of them suffered from haemolytic uremic syndrome. All studied strains had the eaeξ subtype, belonged to the multi-locus sequence type ST-301, and carried virulence genes associated with the type III secretion system and effectors not encoded by the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE). Multiple genes of the pS88 plasmid were detected in all but two strains (one human and one calf STEC). The Shiga toxin subtypes stx1a (n = 3; one human, two calf), stx2a (n = 2) and stx2d (n = 6) were detected. All strains were multidrug resistant, two were extended-spectrum β-lactamase positive. Core genome MLST revealed that some human and calf E. coli differed by only 22 loci. CONCLUSIONS The STEC/ExPEC O80:H2 pathotype was present in calves in Belgium as early as 1987, but human infections have been rare and mostly mild. The human STEC and bovine aEPEC cluster together and have the potential to be as virulent as the French isolates, as shown by their similar gene content.
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Affiliation(s)
- K De Rauw
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Belgian National Reference Centre for STEC/VTEC, Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Thiry
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health Centre, University of Liège, Campus du Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - B Caljon
- Brussels Interuniversity Genomics High Throughput Core, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel-Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Saulmont
- Association Régionale de Santé et d'Identification Animale, Ciney, Belgium
| | - J Mainil
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health Centre, University of Liège, Campus du Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - D Piérard
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Belgian National Reference Centre for STEC/VTEC, Brussels, Belgium.
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