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Sica J, Vendramini C, Nadai C, Molinelli Z, Carlot M, Giacomini A, Corich V. Strain prevalence and killer factor only partially influence the fermentation activity of pairwise Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine strains inoculation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300212. [PMID: 38683869 PMCID: PMC11057759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae starters are single-strain cultures widely used in winemaking to optimise the fermentation process and improve the organoleptic quality of wine. Unfortunately, the worldwide extensive use of a limited number of industrial strains led to the standardisation of the sensory properties, reducing the identity of wines. Therefore, the use of multi-strain S. cerevisiae starters can be an alternative tool to alter the sensory profile of wines, increasing the diversity of wine styles. However, this strategy may be interesting only if the overall fermentation kinetics is not affected. To date, there is a lack of information regarding the influence of multi-strain starters on the overall fermentation process in wine. In this context, killer toxins, affecting the viability of sensitive strains, can play a significant role. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of pairing eight wine strains of S. cerevisiae (two sensitive, three neutral and three killer) in co-fermentations compared to single-strain fermentations. Results evidenced that, among co-fermentations where the strain prevalence was significant, the killer strains constituted 79% to 100% of the total yeast population when co-inoculated with a sensitive one. However, in most of the cases, co-fermentations kinetics were similar to those of sensitive strains or worse than both strains. Thus, the presence of a killer strain alone is not sufficient to predict the overall fermentation progress, which is an essential information in winemaking. Interestingly, the neutral strain P304.4 was always prevalent, regardless of the second strain and, in most of the co-fermentations, the overall fermentation trend was similar to the P304.4 single-strain fermentation. Regardless of killer activity, our results suggest that the effect of strains on fermentative kinetics is still unpredictable, and further studies are needed to thoroughly explore strain to strain interactions in winemaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Sica
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Chiara Vendramini
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Chiara Nadai
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova, Conegliano (TV), Italy
| | - Zeno Molinelli
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Milena Carlot
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova, Conegliano (TV), Italy
| | - Alessio Giacomini
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova, Conegliano (TV), Italy
| | - Viviana Corich
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova, Conegliano (TV), Italy
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Multiple region high resolution melting-based method for accurate differentiation of food-derived yeasts at species level resolution. Food Microbiol 2023; 109:104120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bazalová O, Cihlář JZ, Dlouhá Z, Bár L, Dráb V, Kavková M. Rapid sourdough yeast identification using panfungal PCR combined with high resolution melting analysis. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 199:106522. [PMID: 35716843 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The microbial composition of the sourdough starter affects the sourdough bread properties. Therefore, it is crucial to find a tool for rapid, time-saving, and economical identification of the sourdough microbiota. We focused on the rapid identification of sourdough yeasts. We designed a panfungal real time-PCR targeting the ITS2 region (ITS-amplicon) and a fragment of D1/D2 region of 26S rRNA gene (U-amplicon) and used high resolution melting analysis (HRM) for subsequent species identification. The sensitivity and specificity of our method were tested on the reference yeast cultures. We obtained divergent melting peaks (Tm). The further analysis of melt curves suggests the possibility to discriminate yeasts on the genus- and some on species-specific level in the mixed sample. The applicability of this method in routine practice was evaluated on nine sourdough samples. Revealed melt curves of U-amplicons were predominantly characteristic of the sourdough. The evaluation of the Tm and the shape of the melt curve was used to assess the sourdough yeasts. Additionally, using the HRM-PCR method the contamination with the ergot fungus DNA was revealed. Our data showed HRM-PCR is a simple, rapid, and inexpensive tool useful in identifying sourdough yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bazalová
- Dairy Research Institute, Ltd., Department Tábor, Ke Dvoru 12a, 160 00 Praha, Vokovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Jaromír Z Cihlář
- Dairy Research Institute, Ltd., Department Tábor, Ke Dvoru 12a, 160 00 Praha, Vokovice, Czech Republic; Milcom, a.s., Collection of Dairy Microorganisms - Laktoflora, Ke Dvoru 12a, 160 00 Praha, Vokovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Dlouhá
- Milcom, a.s., Collection of Dairy Microorganisms - Laktoflora, Ke Dvoru 12a, 160 00 Praha, Vokovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Bár
- Dairy Research Institute, Ltd., Department Tábor, Ke Dvoru 12a, 160 00 Praha, Vokovice, Czech Republic; Milcom, a.s., Collection of Dairy Microorganisms - Laktoflora, Ke Dvoru 12a, 160 00 Praha, Vokovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Dráb
- Dairy Research Institute, Ltd., Department Tábor, Ke Dvoru 12a, 160 00 Praha, Vokovice, Czech Republic; Milcom, a.s., Collection of Dairy Microorganisms - Laktoflora, Ke Dvoru 12a, 160 00 Praha, Vokovice, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslava Kavková
- Dairy Research Institute, Ltd., Department Tábor, Ke Dvoru 12a, 160 00 Praha, Vokovice, Czech Republic; Milcom, a.s., Collection of Dairy Microorganisms - Laktoflora, Ke Dvoru 12a, 160 00 Praha, Vokovice, Czech Republic
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Crosato G, Nadai C, Carlot M, Garavaglia J, Ziegler DR, Rossi RC, De Castilhos J, Campanaro S, Treu L, Giacomini A, Corich V. The impact of CUP1 gene copy-number and XVI-VIII/XV-XVI translocations on copper and sulfite tolerance in vineyard Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain populations. FEMS Yeast Res 2020; 20:5841524. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
In wine production, sulfites are widely used as antimicrobials and antioxidants, whereas copper is associated with fungicides and wine fining treatments. Therefore, wine yeasts are constantly exposed to these agents. Copper tolerance is related to the copy number of the CUP1 gene, encoding for a metallothionein involved in copper detoxification. In wine yeasts, sulfite resistance mainly depends on the presence of the translocation t(XVI;VIII) in the promoter region of the SSU1 gene. This gene encodes for a plasma membrane sulfite pump involved in sulfite metabolism and detoxification. Recently, a new translocation, t(XVI;VIII), was identified. In this work, 253 Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, representing three vineyard populations from two different continents, were analyzed, along with 20 industrial starters. Copper and sulfites tolerance as well as distribution of CUP1 gene copy-number, t(XVI;VIII)and t(XVI;XV) of SSU1 gene were studied to evaluate the impact of these genomic variations on population phenotypes. The CUP1 gene copy-number was found to be highly variable, ranging from zero to 79 per strain. Moreover it differently impacted the copper tolerance in the populations of the two continents. The diffusion of t(XVI;VIII) and, for the first time, t(XVI;XV) was determined in the three vineyard populations. The correlation between the presence of the translocation and strain sulfite tolerance levels was significant only for the t(XVI;VIII).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Crosato
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova. Via XXVIII Aprile, 14–31015, Conegliano (TV), Italy
| | - Chiara Nadai
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova. Via XXVIII Aprile, 14–31015, Conegliano (TV), Italy
| | - Milena Carlot
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova. Via XXVIII Aprile, 14–31015, Conegliano (TV), Italy
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova. Viale dell'Università, 16–35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Juliano Garavaglia
- Institute of Technology of Food for Health (ittNutrifor), University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS). Avenida Unisinos, 950–93022–750, Cristo Rei – São Leopoldo (RS), Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) Sarmento Leite Avenue, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050–170, Brazil
| | - Denise Righetto Ziegler
- Institute of Technology of Food for Health (ittNutrifor), University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS). Avenida Unisinos, 950–93022–750, Cristo Rei – São Leopoldo (RS), Brazil
| | - Rochele Cassanta Rossi
- Institute of Technology of Food for Health (ittNutrifor), University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS). Avenida Unisinos, 950–93022–750, Cristo Rei – São Leopoldo (RS), Brazil
| | - Juliana De Castilhos
- Institute of Technology of Food for Health (ittNutrifor), University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS). Avenida Unisinos, 950–93022–750, Cristo Rei – São Leopoldo (RS), Brazil
| | - Stefano Campanaro
- Department of Biology, Università di Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Treu
- Department of Biology, Università di Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessio Giacomini
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova. Via XXVIII Aprile, 14–31015, Conegliano (TV), Italy
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova. Viale dell'Università, 16–35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Viviana Corich
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova. Via XXVIII Aprile, 14–31015, Conegliano (TV), Italy
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova. Viale dell'Università, 16–35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
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Dynamics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains Isolated from Vine Bark in Vineyard: Influence of Plant Age and Strain Presence during Grape must Spontaneous Fermentations. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation5030062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two vineyards of different age were chosen. During three years, a sampling campaign was performed for isolating vineyard-associated Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) strains. Bark portions and, when present, grape bunches were regularly collected from the same vine plants during the overall sampling period. Each bark portion was added to a synthetic must, while each grape bunch was manually crushed, and fermentations were run to isolate S. cerevisiae strains. All collected yeasts were identified at different species and strain levels to evaluate the genetic variability of S. cerevisiae strains in the two vineyards and strains dynamics. Moreover, bark-associated strains were compared with those isolated from spontaneous fermentations of grapes collected during the two harvests. Regarding the youngest vineyard, no S. cerevisiae was identified on bark and grape surface, highlighting the importance of vine age on yeast colonization. Results reported the isolation of S. cerevisiae from vine bark of the old vineyard at all sampling times, regardless of the presence of the grape bunch. Therefore, this environment can be considered an alternative ecological niche that permanently hosts S. cerevisiae. Bark-associated strains were not found on grape bunches and during pilot-scale vinifications, indicating no significative strain transfer from vine bark to the grape must. Commercial starters were identified as well both in vineyards and during vinifications.
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Bovo B, Nadai C, Lemos Junior WJF, Carlot M, Giacomini A, Corich V. The Different Physical and Chemical Composition of Grape Juice and Marc Influence Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains Distribution During Fermentation. J Food Sci 2018; 83:2191-2196. [PMID: 30028508 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
During white-grape winemaking, grape marc is separated from juice immediately after crushing. Both mark and juice are obtained from the same grapes, but they differ strongly for their physical and chemical properties. Marc is mainly composed of solid residues. Its pH is usually higher than that of the juice and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains are largely present. Therefore, it can be considered as a potential alternative environment for the selection of industrial yeasts. In order to evaluate the effect of different pH and physical state of the two matrices on grapes yeast population composition, the isolation of S. cerevisiae, from both grape juice and marc during simultaneous fermentations, was performed. After yeast identification and genotyping, strains present at high frequencies were tested in fermentation at different pH values. Biofilm production was also tested to evaluate strain ability to develop on a solid matrix. Genotype analysis showed that high-frequency strains were always more abundant in one of the two environments, suggesting the existence of a selective effect. Generally, fermentations at different pH revealed that the best fermentation performance of each strain, in terms of CO2 production, was in the pH range of its original environment. Only one strain, mostly present in grape marc, produced a high biofilm level. Therefore, biofilm production does not seem to favor strain adaptation to grape marc condition. PRACTICAL APPLICATION These results demonstrate that grape juice and marc represent two different environments able to influence yeast strains distribution. The pH level can be included among the selection factors acting on yeast strains distribution. Grape marc can be considered a yeasts reservoir and its fermentation can be used for the development and isolation of new strains, genetically and physiologically different from those present in the grape juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bovo
- Dept. of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Univ. of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro, PD, 35020, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), Univ. of Padova, Via XXVIII Aprile 14, Conegliano, TV, 31015, Italy
| | - Chiara Nadai
- Dept. of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Univ. of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro, PD, 35020, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), Univ. of Padova, Via XXVIII Aprile 14, Conegliano, TV, 31015, Italy
| | - Wilson Josè Fernandes Lemos Junior
- Dept. of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Univ. of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro, PD, 35020, Italy
| | - Milena Carlot
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), Univ. of Padova, Via XXVIII Aprile 14, Conegliano, TV, 31015, Italy
| | - Alessio Giacomini
- Dept. of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Univ. of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro, PD, 35020, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), Univ. of Padova, Via XXVIII Aprile 14, Conegliano, TV, 31015, Italy
| | - Viviana Corich
- Dept. of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Univ. of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro, PD, 35020, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), Univ. of Padova, Via XXVIII Aprile 14, Conegliano, TV, 31015, Italy
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Genetic variability and physiological traits of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from "Vale dos Vinhedos" vineyards reflect agricultural practices and history of this Brazilian wet subtropical area. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:105. [PMID: 29971504 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2490-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Vale dos Vinhedos appellation of origin has a very recent history as industrial wine making region. In this study we investigated the genetic and phenotypic variability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from South-Brazilian vineyards in order to evaluate strain fermentation aptitude and copper and sulphites tolerance. Merlot grape bunches were collected from three vineyards and yeast isolation was performed after single bunch fermentation. High genotypic variability was found and most of the genotypes revealed to be vine-specific. No industrial strain dissemination was present in the sampled vineyards, although it has been wildly reported in traditional winemaking countries. From the phenotypic traits analysis these Brazilian native strains showed good fermentation performances, good tolerance to sulphites and, in particular, a high copper tolerance level. Copper is the most important metal in the formulation of fungicides against downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola), one of the most harmful disease of the vines, and other fungal pests. The high tolerance to copper suggests an environmental adaptation to the strong use of copper-based fungicides, requested by the wet subtropical climate.
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