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Tang X, Liao C, Huang X, Chen C, Xu D, Chen C. Epiphytic microbiota source stimulates the fermentation profile and bacterial community of alfalfa-corn mixed silage. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1247254. [PMID: 38628434 PMCID: PMC11018978 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1247254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The epiphytic microbiota source on plants plays a crucial role in the production of high-quality silage. To gain a better understanding of its contribution, the microbiota of alfalfa (M1C0), corn (M0C1) and the resulting mixture (M1C1) was applied in alfalfa-corn mixed silage production system. M1C0 decreased ammonia-N levels in terms of total nitrogen (57.59-118.23 g/kg TN) and pH (3.59-4.40) values (p < 0.01), which increased lactic acid (33.73-61.89 g/kg DM) content (p < 0.01). Consequently, this resulted in higher residual water-soluble carbohydrate (29.13-41.76 g/kg DM) and crude protein (152.54-167.91 g/kg DM) contents, as well as lower NDF (427.27 g/kg DM) and ADF (269.53 g/kg DM) contents in the silage compared to M1C1- and M0C1-treated samples. Moreover, M1C0 silage showed significantly higher bacterial alpha diversity indices (p < 0.05), including the number of observed species and Chao1 and Shannon diversity indices, at the later stages of ensiling. Lactobacillus, Kosakonia and Enterobacter were the dominant bacterial species in silages, with a relative abundance of >80%. However, the abundance of Lactobacillus amylovorus in M0C1- and M1C1-treated silage increased (p < 0.01) in the late stages of ensiling. These findings confirmed that the epiphytic microbiota source exerts competitive effects during anaerobic storage of alfalfa-corn mixed silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Tang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chaosheng Liao
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaokang Huang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Duhan Xu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Andrada E, Marquez A, Chagra Dib EP, Gauffin-Cano P, Medina RB. Corn Stover Silage Inoculated with Ferulic Acid Esterase Producing L. johnsonii, L. plantarum, L. fermentum, and L. brevis Strains: Fermentative and Nutritional Parameters. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9040331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Corn stover (CS) is an abundant lignocellulosic by-product of the grain industry. Ferulic acid esterase producing (FAE+)-lactobacilli can potentially improve ensiled forages’ nutritive value through the hydrolysis of ferulic acid ester bonds present in cell walls during the fermentation process, but this has not been addressed in CS silage. In this study, we characterized 8 FAE+ lactobacilli regarding their FAE activity and inoculant aptitude: Lactobacillus (L.) johnsonii (CRL2237, CRL2238, CRL2240), L. plantarum (ETC182, CRL046, CRL2241), L. fermentum CRL1446 and L. brevis CRL2239. Next, 25% dry matter (DM) CS mini silos were prepared and either not inoculated (UN) or inoculated with each strain (105 CFU g fresh matter−1). Compared to UN, DM loss was significantly reduced in CRL046 and CRL2239, and organic matter increased in CRL2241-inoculated silages. Although the rest of the digestibility measures were not improved, in situ acid detergent fiber degradability (ADFD) was increased by the CRL2238 strain when compared to UN. Results in inoculated silages were not correlated with FAE activity quantification or growth/acidification studies in a CS-derived culture broth. This study demonstrates the potential of several FAE+ lactobacilli strains as CS inoculants and encourages further research.
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Xie Y, Du E, Yao Y, Wang W, Huang X, Sun H, Zheng Y, Cheng Q, Wang C, Chen C, Li P. Effect of epiphytic microflora after aerobic enrichment and reconstitution on fermentation quality and microbial community of corn stalk silage and Pennisetum sinese silage. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1078408. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1078408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of enrichment and reconstitution of the forage epiphytic microflora on the fermentation quality, chemical composition, and bacterial community composition of corn stalk and Pennisetum sinese silages.MethodsThe forage juice of fresh corn stalk and P. sinese were collected, diluted by gradient (10–1 to 10–5), and aerobically incubated to enrich and reconstitute the epiphytic microflora. Fresh corn stalk and P. sinese were ensiled for 3, 15, and 45 days after inoculation with either the original (D0) pre-incubated juices, or 10–1 (D1), 10–3 (D3), or 10–5 (D5) diluted and pre-incubated juices.ResultsThe lowest pH was found in the D3 treatment of the corn stalk silage. In P. sinese silage, the hemicellulose content of D3 and D5 treatments was 9.50 and 11.81% lower than that of D0 treatment (P < 0.05). In corn stalk silage, the neutral detergent fiber content was significantly lower in the D3 treatment than in the other treatments (P < 0.05). Both corn stalk and P. sinese silages exhibited a high abundance of Enterobacter during ensiling, resulting in high levels of acetic acid.ConclusionAlthough the dilution and enrichment of the epiphytic microflora did not lead to full lactic acid fermentation, these pre-treatments were found to alter the microbial metabolites and chemical composition of the silage. These results provide a new perspective on the production of pre-fermented silage inoculant.
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Fermentation Characteristics and Microbiota during the Ensiling of Myriophyllum aquaticum Inoculated with Lactic Acid Bacteria. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12105139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Myriophyllum aquaticum (M. aquaticum) is a commonly used aquatic macrophyte for water purification and could be utilized as animal food. However, the high water content of M. aquaticum makes it difficult for long-term preservation, which leads to challenges as an ideal animal feed ingredient. The storage of Silage for long periods may be a proper method to solve the problem. In the present paper, we assess the effects of lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus buchneri (LB), Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), or their combination on fermentation and microbial communities during the ensiling of M. aquaticum silage. The results show that the LP-treated silage displays a higher lactic acid concentration than that in the control silage. Both LB and LP increased the abundance of Lactobacillus, but decreased the abundance of Serratia and Prevotella_9 in M. aquaticum silage after 60 days of ensiling. Both LB and LP increased the diversity and richness of fungi. Therefore, the inoculation of LP improved silage fermentation during ensiling. These results show that the inoculation of lactic acid bacteria improves the fermentation quality of M. aquaticum silage, which makes it possible for the application of M. aquaticum to animal forage in the future.
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Wang Q, Wang R, Wang C, Dong W, Zhang Z, Zhao L, Zhang X. Effects of Cellulase and Lactobacillus plantarum on Fermentation Quality, Chemical Composition, and Microbial Community of Mixed Silage of Whole-Plant Corn and Peanut Vines. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:2465-2480. [PMID: 35132520 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03821-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Significant anaerobic fermentation occurs in silage through the action of anaerobic bacteria. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of cellulase and Lactobacillus plantarum on the fermentation quality and bacterial community of whole-plant corn and peanut vine mixed silage. Mixed silage was tested with no addition (CK), addition of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), addition of cellulase (CE), and the simultaneous addition of Lactobacillus plantarum and cellulase (LPCE). LPCE samples exhibited decreased pH; decreased content of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid; and increased content of lactic acid. LP and LPCE had better effects on chemical composition than CK and CE, especially in decreasing acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber content. High-throughput sequencing identified Lactobacillus, Klebsiella, Serratia, and Weissella as the main microorganisms. LP and CE increased the abundance of Acetobacter, and LPCE decreased the abundance of Acetobacter. All additives decreased the abundance of Weissella, Leuconostoc, and Lactococcus, and increased the abundance of Pantoea. Overall, simultaneous addition of cellulase and Lactobacillus plantarum helped to improve the quality of mixed silage of whole-plant corn and peanut vines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ruixiang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chunyue Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wenzhao Dong
- Henan Academy of Crops Molecular Breeding, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Zhongxin Zhang
- Henan Academy of Crops Molecular Breeding, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Linping Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xinyou Zhang
- Henan Academy of Crops Molecular Breeding, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
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Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum Inoculation on Chemical Composition, Fermentation, and Bacterial Community Composition of Ensiled Sweet Corn Whole Plant or Stover. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Sweet corn is a feed resource with a high content of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) available for ruminant production. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of inoculation with Lactobacillus plantarum on fermentation and nutritional quality of sweet corn silage. Sweet corn whole plant (WP) and sweet corn stover (CS) were ensiled in mini silos with or without inoculation of L. plantarum. Proximate composition and fermentation variables, and composition of the bacterial community, were evaluated before ensiling and at the end of the first, second, and third month after ensiling. There was fiber degradation in CS silage after three months of ensilage, but not in WP silage. Inoculation of WP silage, but not of CS silage, with L. plantarum, increased starch content. The relative abundance of genus Lactobacillus was increased by inoculation with L. plantarum by 14.2% and 82.2% in WP and CS silage, respectively. Inoculation with L. plantarum was not necessary to achieve adequate fermentation of either WP or CS silage, as the abundance of native lactic acid bacteria in both materials seemed suitable for adequate fermentation. That said, increased starch content in WP resulting from inoculation with L. plantarum can increase the nutritive value of WP for ruminants.
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Sun Y, Yang J, Sun T, Liu W. Evaluation of lactic acid bacterial communities in spontaneously-fermented dairy products from Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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8
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Prognostic capacity assessment of a multiparameter risk score for aerobic stability of maize silage undergoing heterofermentative inoculation (Lactobacillus buchneri) in variable ensiling conditions. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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9
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Policastro G, Carraturo F, Compagnone M, Giugliano M, Guida M, Luongo V, Napolitano R, Fabbricino M. A preliminary study on a novel bioaugmentation technique enhancing lactic acid production by mixed cultures fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125595. [PMID: 34333344 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The paper is a preliminary study on the selection of lactic acid producing microorganisms from a mixed microbial population via bioaugmentation. The bioaugmentation technique is based on pH sudden variations occurring in sequential batch steps of a dark fermentation process applied to simple substrates. Different conditions are tested and compared. The structure of microbial communities and concentrations of metabolic intermediates are analyzed to study the possible substrate conversion routes. Obtained results indicate that the initial mixed culture produced a lactic acid percentage of 5% in terms of CODLA/CODPRODUCTS. In the most favourable conditions, the selected culture produced a lactic acid percentage of 59%. The analysis of the composition of microbial communities before and after the bioaugmentation processes, indicates that lactic acid production mainly results from the population change to bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus. Indeed, the relative abundance of Bacilli increased from 0.67%, to 8.40% during the bioaugmentation cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Policastro
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, via Claudio 21, Naples 80125, Italy.
| | - Federica Carraturo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 21, Naples 80126, Italy.
| | - Mariacristina Compagnone
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technologies, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Marco Giugliano
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, via Claudio 21, Naples 80125, Italy.
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 21, Naples 80126, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Luongo
- Department of Mathematics and Applications Renato Caccioppoli, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia, Monte S. Angelo, Naples I-80126, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Napolitano
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, via Claudio 21, Naples 80125, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Fabbricino
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, via Claudio 21, Naples 80125, Italy.
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Ramírez-Vega H, Arteaga-Garibay RI, Maya-Lucas O, Gómez-Rodríguez VM, Chávez-Díaz IF, Ruvalcaba-Gómez JM, Heredia-Nava D, Loperena-Martínez R, Zelaya-Molina LX. The Bacterial Community Associated with the Amarillo Zamorano Maize ( Zea mays) Landrace Silage Process. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101503. [PMID: 33003516 PMCID: PMC7601214 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize silage is used in the diet of dairy cows, with suitable results in milk yield. In this study, the composition and diversity of the bacterial communities of the silage process of Amarillo Zamorano (AZ) Mexican maize landrace with relation to the Antilope (A) commercial hybrid are described. From both types of maize, seeds were sown in experimental plots, plants harvested at the reproductive stage, chopped, and packed in laboratory micro-silos. Physicochemical parameters were evaluated, and DNA was extracted from the juice in the micro-silos. The bacterial communities were analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) of seven hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. The composition of both bacterial communities was dominated by Lactobacillales and Enterobacteriales, Lactobacillales mainly in A silage and Enterobacteriales in AZ silage; as well, the core bacterial community of both silages comprises 212 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Sugar concentration showed the highest number of significant associations with OTUs of different phyla. The structure of the bacterial communities was different in both silage fermentation processes, showing that AZ silage has a shorter fermentation process than A silage. In addition, NGS demonstrated the effect of the type of maize and local conditions on silage fermentation and contributed to potential strategies to improve the quality of AZ silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Ramírez-Vega
- Departamento de Ciencias Pecuarias y Agrícolas, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco 47600, Mexico; (H.R.-V.); (V.M.G.-R.); (D.H.-N.); (R.L.-M.)
| | - Ramón I. Arteaga-Garibay
- Laboratorio de Recursos Genéticos Microbianos, Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarios, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco 47600, Mexico; (R.I.A.-G.); (I.F.C.-D.)
| | - Otoniel Maya-Lucas
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, CINVESTAV-Unidad Zacatenco, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico;
| | - Victor M. Gómez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Pecuarias y Agrícolas, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco 47600, Mexico; (H.R.-V.); (V.M.G.-R.); (D.H.-N.); (R.L.-M.)
| | - Ismael F. Chávez-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Recursos Genéticos Microbianos, Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarios, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco 47600, Mexico; (R.I.A.-G.); (I.F.C.-D.)
| | - José M. Ruvalcaba-Gómez
- Campo Experimental Altos de Jalisco, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarios, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco 47600, Mexico;
| | - Darwin Heredia-Nava
- Departamento de Ciencias Pecuarias y Agrícolas, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco 47600, Mexico; (H.R.-V.); (V.M.G.-R.); (D.H.-N.); (R.L.-M.)
| | - Raquel Loperena-Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencias Pecuarias y Agrícolas, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco 47600, Mexico; (H.R.-V.); (V.M.G.-R.); (D.H.-N.); (R.L.-M.)
| | - L. X. Zelaya-Molina
- Laboratorio de Recursos Genéticos Microbianos, Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarios, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco 47600, Mexico; (R.I.A.-G.); (I.F.C.-D.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Wang Y, Zhou W, Wang C, Yang F, Chen X, Zhang Q. Effect on the ensilage performance and microbial community of adding Neolamarckia cadamba leaves to corn stalks. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:1502-1514. [PMID: 32449595 PMCID: PMC7415371 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To comprehensively evaluate the fermentation performance and microbial community of corn stalks (CS) silage mixed with Neolamarckia cadamba leaves (NCL), CS were ensiled with four levels (0%, 10%, 30% and 50% of fresh weight) of NCL for 1, 7, 14, 30, 60 days in two trials. The results showed that all silages were well preserved with low pH (3.60-3.88) and ammonia nitrogen content (0.08-0.19% DM). The silage samples with NCL displayed lower (P < 0.05) acetic acid, propionic acid and ammonia nitrogen contents and lactic acid bacteria population during ensiling than control silages (100% CS). The addition of NCL also influenced the distribution of bacterial and fungal communities. Fungal diversity (Shannon's indices were 5.15-5.48 and 2.85-4.27 in trial 1 and trial 2 respectively) increased while the relative abundances of Lactobacillus, Leuconostocs, Acetobacter and two moulds (Aspergillus and Fusarium) decreased after added NCL. In summary, mixing NCL is a promising effective approach to preserve protein of CS silage and inhibit the growth of undesirable bacteria and mould, thus to improve the forage quality to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureGuangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering TechnologyGuangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant GermplasmState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesIntegrative Microbiology Research CentreSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureGuangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering TechnologyGuangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant GermplasmState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesIntegrative Microbiology Research CentreSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureGuangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering TechnologyGuangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant GermplasmState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesIntegrative Microbiology Research CentreSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Fuyu Yang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureGuangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering TechnologyGuangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant GermplasmState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesIntegrative Microbiology Research CentreSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qing Zhang
- College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureGuangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering TechnologyGuangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant GermplasmState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesIntegrative Microbiology Research CentreSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
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12
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Xu D, Wang N, Rinne M, Ke W, Weinberg ZG, Da M, Bai J, Zhang Y, Li F, Guo X. The bacterial community and metabolome dynamics and their interactions modulate fermentation process of whole crop corn silage prepared with or without inoculants. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 14:561-576. [PMID: 32627363 PMCID: PMC7936295 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi‐omics approach was adopted to investigate the modulation of bacterial microbiota and metabolome as well as their interactions in whole crop corn ensiling systems by inoculating homofermentative Lactobacillus plantarum or heterofermentative Lactobacillus buchneri. Inoculations of the two different inoculants resulted in substantial differences in microbial community and metabolic composition as well as their dynamics in ensiled corn. Inoculants also altered the correlations of microbiota in different manners, and various keystone species were identified in corn silages with different treatments. Many metabolites with biofunctional activities like bacteriostatic, antioxidant, central nervous system inhibitory and anti‐inflammatory were found in the present silage. A constitutive difference in microbiota dynamics was found for several pathways, which were upregulated by specific taxa in middle stage of fermentation, and widespread associations between metabolites with biofunctions and the species of lactic acid bacteria dominated in silage were observed. Multiple microbial and metabolic structures and dynamics were correlated and affected the fermentation process of the corn ensiling systems. Results of the current study improve our understanding of the complicated biological process underlying silage fermentation and provide a framework to re‐evaluate silages with biofunctions, which may contribute to target‐based regulation methods to produce functional silage for animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Nian Wang
- Nextomics Biosciences Institute, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Marketta Rinne
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) Animale, Jokioinen, 31600, Finland
| | - Wencan Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zwika G Weinberg
- Microbial Food-Safety Research Unit, Department of Food Quality and Safety, The Volcani Center, Agriculture Research Organization, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, Derech HaMaccabim Road 68, POB 15159, Rishon-LeZion, 7528809, Israel
| | - Mi Da
- Nextomics Biosciences Institute, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Jie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Fuhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xusheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Ren H, Feng Y, Liu T, Li J, Wang Z, Fu S, Zheng Y, Peng Z. Effects of different simulated seasonal temperatures on the fermentation characteristics and microbial community diversities of the maize straw and cabbage waste co-ensiling system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 708:135113. [PMID: 31791754 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Ensiling is considered as a suitable method to preserve seasonal agricultural residues to enable long-term supply for wastes valorization. In this study, the effects of simulated seasonal temperatures (-3, 18 and 34 °C) on the organic compositions, ensiling fermentation characteristics, and microbial community evolution during 120 days co-ensiling of maize straw and cabbage wastes were investigated. Successful storage performance was obtained at all these three temperatures. Comparatively, silages at 18 and 34 °C showed lower ammonia nitrogen, lower pH and more intensive lactic acid bacteria fermentation than that at -3 °C. Both silages at -3 and18 °C were well-preserved for 120 days with higher biodegradation potential (BDP), accompanied by lower content of acid detergent lignin (ADL). However, the silages at 34 °C could only preserved for 90 days due to low carbohydrate, low BDP and higher ADL content than that at -3 or18 °C. The storage temperature is a critical parameter that significantly affected the silage quality by influencing the microbial community diversity in silages. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were dominant bacteria at phylum level for all silages while the dominant lactic acid bacteria at genus level were Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc, which restrained the undesirable microbes such as Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, and Pantoea during co-ensiling. Co-ensiling of maize straw with vegetable wastes may provide a promising strategy for long-term preservation of air-dried crop straw while using vegetable wastes as regulatable supplement to achieve silages of desired quality. This study could provide valuable information for conservation and management of agricultural wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Ren
- School of Life Science and Engineering/Western China Energy & Environment Research Center, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, PR China
| | - Yinping Feng
- School of Life Science and Engineering/Western China Energy & Environment Research Center, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, PR China
| | - Tong Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering/Western China Energy & Environment Research Center, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, PR China
| | - Jinping Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering/Western China Energy & Environment Research Center, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, PR China
| | - Zhiye Wang
- Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China
| | - Shanfei Fu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, No 1800, Lihudadao Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China.
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, 101C BIVAP, 1980 Kimball Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Zhangpu Peng
- Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China
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14
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Wu P, Li L, Jiang J, Sun Y, Yuan Z, Feng X, Guo Y. Effects of fermentative and non-fermentative additives on silage quality and anaerobic digestion performance of Pennisetum purpureum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122425. [PMID: 31786034 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effect of additives on the silage quality, microbial community, and anaerobic digestion performance of Pennisetum purpureum with high moisture content was studied. The sample treated with a mixed additive had best silage quality with the lowest pH and highest lactic acid/acetic acid ratio. Different additives influenced the dominant desirable bacteria. Correspondingly, Enterobacter was the dominant bacterial genus for sample with non-fermentative additives, whereas for the samples with fermentative or mixed additives, both Enterobacter and Lactobacillus had high relative abundance. The parameters of NH3-N, hemicellulose and lactic acid were positively correlated with the specific methane yield, while the lignin content was inversely correlated with the specific methane yield. The higher specific methane yield of 293.81 ± 0.15-334.69 ± 22.75 mL/g VS was obtained for samples treated with fermentative additive. Therefore, the mixed additive and fermentative additive are recommended for the silage of material with high-moisture content to improve the silage quality and methane yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Water Quality Security and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lianhua Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Junfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Water Quality Security and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongming Sun
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhenhong Yuan
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xidan Feng
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yufang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Water Quality Security and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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15
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Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Alvarez‐Ordóñez A, Bolton D, Bover‐Cid S, Chemaly M, Davies R, De Cesare A, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Peixe L, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Cocconcelli PS, Fernández Escámez PS, Maradona MP, Querol A, Suarez JE, Sundh I, Vlak J, Barizzone F, Correia S, Herman L. Update of the list of QPS-recommended biological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA 11: suitability of taxonomic units notified to EFSA until September 2019. EFSA J 2020; 18:e05965. [PMID: 32874211 PMCID: PMC7448003 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.5965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Qualified presumption of safety (QPS) was developed to provide a generic safety evaluation for biological agents to support EFSA's Scientific Panels. The taxonomic identity, body of knowledge, safety concerns and antimicrobial resistance are assessed. Safety concerns identified for a taxonomic unit (TU) are where possible to be confirmed at strain or product level, reflected by 'qualifications'. No new information was found that would change the previously recommended QPS TUs and their qualifications. The list of microorganisms notified to EFSA was updated with 54 biological agents, received between April and September 2019; 23 already had QPS status, 14 were excluded from the QPS exercise (7 filamentous fungi, 6 Escherichia coli, Sphingomonas paucimobilis which was already evaluated). Seventeen, corresponding to 16 TUs, were evaluated for possible QPS status, fourteen of these for the first time, and Protaminobacter rubrum, evaluated previously, was excluded because it is not a valid species. Eight TUs are recommended for QPS status. Lactobacillus parafarraginis and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii are recommended to be included in the QPS list. Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius and Paenibacillus illinoisensis can be recommended for the QPS list with the qualification 'for production purposes only' and absence of toxigenic potential. Bacillus velezensis can be recommended for the QPS list with the qualification 'absence of toxigenic potential and the absence of aminoglycoside production ability'. Cupriavidus necator, Aurantiochytrium limacinum and Tetraselmis chuii can be recommended for the QPS list with the qualification 'production purposes only'. Pantoea ananatis is not recommended for the QPS list due to lack of body of knowledge in relation to its pathogenicity potential for plants. Corynebacterium stationis, Hamamotoa singularis, Rhodococcus aetherivorans and Rhodococcus ruber cannot be recommended for the QPS list due to lack of body of knowledge. Kodamaea ohmeri cannot be recommended for the QPS list due to safety concerns.
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16
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Dong M, Li Q, Xu F, Wang S, Chen J, Li W. Effects of microbial inoculants on the fermentation characteristics and microbial communities of sweet sorghum bagasse silage. Sci Rep 2020; 10:837. [PMID: 31964930 PMCID: PMC6972861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57628-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) is a promising raw material for silage fermentation due to its high residual nutritive, but the efficient fermentation strategy of SSB has not been reported yet. This study evaluated the effects of microbial inoculant on the fermentation quality, chemical composition and microbial community of SSB silage. The silage inoculated with isolated lactic acid bacteria (LpE) achieved better fermentation than that of commercial inoculant A, B (CIA, CIB) and untreatment, including low pH value, high levels of lactic acid and water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) content, which demonstrated that the LpE inoculant could contribute to the preservation of nutrition and the manipulation of fermentation process of SSB. In addition, the results of microbial community analysis indicated that the LpE inoculant significantly changed the composition and diversity of bacteria in SSB silage. After ensiling, the LpE inoculated silage were dominated by Lactobacillus(95.71%), Weissella(0.19%). These results were of great guiding significance aiming for high-quality silage production using SSB materials on the basis of target-based regulation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoyin Dong
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P.R. China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoqiao Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P.R. China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P.R. China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Shuyang Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P.R. China.
- Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, 197 dingxi South Rd., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P.R. China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China.
| | - Jihong Chen
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P.R. China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Wenjian Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P.R. China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
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17
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Keshri J, Chen Y, Pinto R, Kroupitski Y, Weinberg ZG, Sela Saldinger S. Bacterial Dynamics of Wheat Silage. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1532. [PMID: 31354651 PMCID: PMC6632545 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge regarding bacterial dynamics during crop ensiling is important for understanding of the fermentation process and may facilitate the production of nutritious and stable silage. The objective of this study was to analyze the bacterial dynamics associated with whole crop wheat silage with and without inoculants. Whole crop wheat was ensiled in laboratory silos, with and without Lactobacillus inoculants (L. plantarum, L. buchneri), for 3 months. Untreated and L. plantarum-treated silages were sampled at several times during ensiling, while L. buchneri-treated silage was sampled only at 3 months. Bacterial composition was studied using next generation sequencing approach. Dominant bacteria, before ensiling, were Pantoea (34.7%), Weissella (28.4%) and Pseudomonas (10.4%), Exiguobacterium (7.8%), and Paenibacillus (3.4%). Exogenous inoculants significantly affected bacterial composition and dynamics during ensiling. At 3 months of ensiling, Lactobacillus dominated the silage bacterial population and reached an abundance of 59.5, 92.5, and 98.2% in untreated, L. plantarum- and L. buchneri-treated silages, respectively. The bacterial diversity of the mature silage was lower in both treated silages compared to untreated silage. Functional profiling of the bacterial communities associated with the wheat ensiling demonstrated that the abundant pathways of membrane transporters, carbohydrate and amino acids metabolisms followed different pattern of relative abundance in untreated and L. plantarum-treated silages. Only three pathways, namely base-excision repair, pyruvate metabolism and transcription machinery, were significantly different between untreated and L. buchneri-treated silages upon maturation. Lactic acid content was higher in L. plantarum-treated silage compared to untreated and L. buchneri-treated silage. Still, the pH of both treated silages was lower in the two Lactobacillus-treated silages compared to untreated silage. Aerobic stability test demonstrated that L. plantarum-, but not L. buchneri-supplement, facilitated silage deterioration. The lower aerobic stability of the L. plantarum-treated silage may be attributed to lower content of acetic acid and other volatile fatty acids which inhibit aerobic yeasts and molds. Indeed, high yeast count was recorded, following exposure to air, only in L. plantarum-treated silage, supporting this notion. Analysis of bacterial community of crop silage can be used for optimization of the ensiling process and the selection of appropriate inoculants for improving aerobic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Keshri
- Department of Food Science, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Yaira Chen
- Department of Food Science, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Riky Pinto
- Department of Food Science, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Yulia Kroupitski
- Department of Food Science, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Zwi G Weinberg
- Department of Food Science, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Shlomo Sela Saldinger
- Department of Food Science, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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18
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Yang L, Yuan X, Li J, Dong Z, Shao T. Dynamics of microbial community and fermentation quality during ensiling of sterile and nonsterile alfalfa with or without Lactobacillus plantarum inoculant. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 275:280-287. [PMID: 30594838 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
To reveal the mechanism of the survival and adaption of inoculated Lactobacillus plantarum during ensiling. Alfalfa was ensiled directly (A1), after γ-ray irradiation (A0), and after inoculation of the sterile (A0L) or fresh alfalfa (A1L) with Lactobacillus plantarum. The A0L had the higher lactic acid content and lower pH than that in A1L from 3 days of ensiling. Pediococcus was the dominant microbes in A1 silage, followed by Enterococcus and Lactobacillus, while Lactobacillus in A1L outnumbered all other genera at 3 d. In A0L silage, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus increased to 99.13% at day 3. It indicated that Lactobacillus could dominated the fermentation of inoculated silages regardless of the γ-ray irradiation, although there was a short lag period for irradiated alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yang
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xianjun Yuan
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhihao Dong
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tao Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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19
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Pan T, Xiang H, Diao T, Ma W, Shi C, Xu Y, Xie Q. Effects of probiotics and nutrients addition on the microbial community and fermentation quality of peanut hull. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 273:144-152. [PMID: 30428406 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a new type of feedstuff by utilizing probiotics to transform agricultural byproducts to meet the livestock feed shortage. In this study, peanut hull powder (PHP) was used as the fermentation substrate, which was inoculated with 18 kinds of feed probiotics combined with two kinds of nutritional additives. The desired value formula was used to select the strains suitable for fermentation of PHP, and the strains were combined as multi-culture starters. We compared the changes of the chemical composition and bacterial flora before and after the fermentation, which provided a theoretical basis for the establishment and quality evaluation of the system of PHP fermentation. The result shows that inoculation with CM6 together with nutrients co-fermenting clearly raised the content of organic acid, CP and WSC in the PHP and effectively inhibited the growth of harmful microorganisms such as Enterobacter and Fusarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Hongyu Xiang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Taotao Diao
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Wen Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Chao Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Yun Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Qiuhong Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin 130012, PR China.
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