1
|
Talaromyces-Insect Relationships. Microorganisms 2021; 10:microorganisms10010045. [PMID: 35056494 PMCID: PMC8780841 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Facing the urgent need to reduce the input of agrochemicals, in recent years, the ecological relationships between plants and their associated microorganisms have been increasingly considered as an essential tool for improving crop production. New findings and data have been accumulated showing that the application of fungi can go beyond the specific role that has been traditionally assigned to the species, employed in integrated pest management as entomopathogens or mycoparasites, and that strains combining both aptitudes can be identified and possibly used as multipurpose biocontrol agents. Mainly considered for their antagonistic relationships with plant pathogenic fungi, species in the genus Talaromyces have been more and more widely reported as insect associates in investigations carried out in various agricultural and non-agricultural contexts. Out of a total of over 170 species currently accepted in this genus, so far, 27 have been found to have an association with insects from 9 orders, with an evident increasing trend. The nature of their mutualistic and antagonistic relationships with insects, and their ability to synthesize bioactive compounds possibly involved in the expression of the latter kind of interactions, are analyzed in this paper with reference to the ecological impact and applicative perspectives in crop protection.
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen W, Xie W, Cai W, Thaochan N, Hu Q. Entomopathogenic Fungi Biodiversity in the Soil of Three Provinces Located in Southwest China and First Approach to Evaluate Their Biocontrol Potential. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:984. [PMID: 34829272 PMCID: PMC8618793 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi (EF), who represent active agents to control insect natural populations, usually persist in terrestrial habitats. Southwest area in China has various climate conditions and abundant plant biodiversity (crop, forest, grassy, orchard and arable areas). Nevertheless, the potential of soil-inhabitant EF as insect pest biocontrol agents, is unknown. In this study, first the EF biodiversity from soil of three provinces (Guizhou, Sichuan, and Yunnan) was surveyed. Then, the virulence of 29 isolated strains against Bemesia tabaci and Spodoptera litura was assessed. After analyzing 212 soil samples, 497 isolated fungi were identified. Out of them, 490 isolates were classified in 45 species of 24 genera, whereas the other seven isolates, belonging to Paecilomyces and Purpureocillium genera, were not identified under species level. Furthermore, the EF biodiversity from soil of Sichuan, Yunan, and Guizhou areas, analyzed by Shannon Wiener Index (SWI) was rated at 2.98, 1.89, and 2.14, while SWIs-biodiversity in crop, forest, grassy, orchard and arable areas was rated at 2.88, 2.74, 3.05, 2.39, and 2.47. SWI data suggested that soil from Sichuan area and grassy had higher EF biodiversity compared with other analyzed provinces and areas. Virulence bioassay results indicated that, out of the 29 isolates tested, 24 were pathogenic against B. tabaci and S. litura, resulting in mortality rates >10%. In conclusion, this study reports the EF distribution and biodiversity in soil from three provinces located at Southwest China, whereas their potential use as a tool for the B. tabaci and S. litura biocontrol must be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.C.); (W.X.); (W.C.)
| | - Weiwen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.C.); (W.X.); (W.C.)
| | - Wei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.C.); (W.X.); (W.C.)
| | - Narit Thaochan
- Agricultural Innovation and Management Division (Pest Management), Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand;
| | - Qiongbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.C.); (W.X.); (W.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gharsallah H, Ksentini I, Naayma S, Hadj Taieb K, Abdelhedi N, Schuster C, Triki MA, Ksantini M, Leclerque A. Identification of fungi in Tunisian olive orchards: characterization and biological control potential. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:307. [PMID: 33046014 PMCID: PMC7552492 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01997-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Olive production is the main agricultural activity in Tunisia. The diversity of fungi was explored in two different olive groves located in two distant geographical zones in Sfax (Tunisia) with different management practices. Results Fungal isolation was made from soil and the major olive tree pests, namely the Olive fly, Bactrocera oleae Gmelin (Diptera: Tephritidae), and the Olive psyllid, Euphyllura olivina Costa (Homoptera: Psyllidae). A total of 34 fungal isolates were identified according to their phenotypic, genotypic, biochemical and biological activities. Twenty fungal species were identified belonging to six different genera (Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Lecanicillium and Penicillium) by the analysis of their ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 ribosomal DNA region. Different bioassays performed in this work revealed that 25/34 (73.5%) of the identified fungal isolates showed an entomopathogenic and/or antagonistic activity, 9/34 (26.5%) of them displayed phytopathogenic features. Conclusions Fungal species that showed entomopathogenic and/or antagonistic potentialities and that are non-phytopathogenic, (17/34; 50%) of our fungal isolates, could be explored for olive protection against fungal diseases and pests, and might have a future application as biocontrol agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houda Gharsallah
- Laboratory of Improvement and Protection of Genetic Resources of Olive Tree, Tunisian Olive Institute, University of Sfax, Airport Road, P.B. 1087, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Ines Ksentini
- Laboratory of Improvement and Protection of Genetic Resources of Olive Tree, Tunisian Olive Institute, University of Sfax, Airport Road, P.B. 1087, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sourour Naayma
- Laboratory of Improvement and Protection of Genetic Resources of Olive Tree, Tunisian Olive Institute, University of Sfax, Airport Road, P.B. 1087, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Karama Hadj Taieb
- Laboratory of Improvement and Protection of Genetic Resources of Olive Tree, Tunisian Olive Institute, University of Sfax, Airport Road, P.B. 1087, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia.,University of Sousse, Higher Institute of Agronomic Sciences of Chott Meriem, 4042, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Nour Abdelhedi
- Laboratory of Improvement and Protection of Genetic Resources of Olive Tree, Tunisian Olive Institute, University of Sfax, Airport Road, P.B. 1087, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Christina Schuster
- Institute for Microbiology and Biochemistry, Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany.,Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Mohamed Ali Triki
- Laboratory of Improvement and Protection of Genetic Resources of Olive Tree, Tunisian Olive Institute, University of Sfax, Airport Road, P.B. 1087, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohieddine Ksantini
- Laboratory of Improvement and Protection of Genetic Resources of Olive Tree, Tunisian Olive Institute, University of Sfax, Airport Road, P.B. 1087, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Andreas Leclerque
- Institute for Microbiology and Biochemistry, Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany.,Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|