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Li H, Meng F. Efficiency, mechanism, influencing factors, and integrated technology of biodegradation for aromatic compounds by microalgae: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122248. [PMID: 37490964 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic compounds have received widespread attention because of their threat to ecosystem and human health. However, traditional physical and chemical methods are criticized due to secondary pollution and high cost. As a result of ecological security and the ability of carbon sequestration, biodegradation approach based on microalgae has emerged as a promising alternative treatment for aromatic pollutants. In light of the current researches, the degradation efficiency of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and phenolic compounds by microalgae was reviewed in this study. We summarized the degradation pathways and metabolites of p-xylene, benzo [a]pyrene, fluorene, phenol, bisphenol A, and nonylphenol by microalgae. The influence factors on the degradation of aromatic compounds by microalgae were also discussed. The integrated technologies based on microalgae for degradation of aromatic compounds were reviewed. Finally, this study discussed the limitations and future research needs of the degradation of these compounds by microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Fanping Meng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
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Tong CY, Honda K, Derek CJC. A review on microalgal-bacterial co-culture: The multifaceted role of beneficial bacteria towards enhancement of microalgal metabolite production. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 228:115872. [PMID: 37054838 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mass microalgal-bacterial co-cultures have come to the fore of applied physiological research, in particularly for the optimization of high-value metabolite from microalgae. These co-cultures rely on the existence of a phycosphere which harbors unique cross-kingdom associations that are a prerequisite for the cooperative interactions. However, detailed mechanisms underpinning the beneficial bacterial effects onto microalgal growth and metabolic production are rather limited at the moment. Hence, the main purpose of this review is to shed light on how bacteria fuels microalgal metabolism or vice versa during mutualistic interactions, building upon the phycosphere which is a hotspot for chemical exchange. Nutrients exchange and signal transduction between two not only increase the algal productivity, but also facilitate in the degradation of bio-products and elevate the host defense ability. Main chemical mediators such as photosynthetic oxygen, N-acyl-homoserine lactone, siderophore and vitamin B12 were identified to elucidate beneficial cascading effects from the bacteria towards microalgal metabolites. In terms of applications, the enhancement of soluble microalgal metabolites is often associated with bacteria-mediated cell autolysis while bacterial bio-flocculants can aid in microalgal biomass harvesting. In addition, this review goes in depth into the discussion on enzyme-based communication via metabolic engineering such as gene modification, cellular metabolic pathway fine-tuning, over expression of target enzymes, and diversion of flux toward key metabolites. Furthermore, possible challenges and recommendations aimed at stimulating microalgal metabolite production are outlined. As more evidence emerges regarding the multifaceted role of beneficial bacteria, it will be crucial to incorporate these findings into the development of algal biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Tong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kohsuke Honda
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - C J C Derek
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
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Harzallah B, Grama SB, Bousseboua H, Jouanneau Y, Yang J, Li J. Isolation and characterization of Indigenous Bacilli strains from an oil refinery wastewater with potential applications for phenol/cresol bioremediation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 332:117322. [PMID: 36724594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are frequently occurring in wastewaters from various industrial processes at high concentrations, imposing prominent risk to aquatic biosphere and human health. Bioremediation has been proven to be an effective approach to remove these compounds, and hunting for functional organisms is still of primary importance to develop efficient processes. In this study, we report several newly isolated bacillus strains with superior performances in metabolizing phenols, one of which showed paramount efficiencies to metabolize phenol at concentrations up to 1200 mg L-1 and could simultaneously degrade a wide range of other phenolic compounds. The genes encoding for phenol hydroxylase (PH) and catechol-2,3-dioxygenase (C23O) have been detected and characterized, evidencing that phenol degradation occurs via the meta pathway. The GC level of the PH gene was found to be much higher than that of genes from other Bacilli but was quite close to that of the genes from Rhodococcus, and the induction of both enzymes by phenols was confirmed by RT-PCR experiments. We intend to believe this novel strain might be promising to serve as preferred organisms for developing more robust and efficient bioremediation processes of degrading phenolic compounds due to its validated performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Besma Harzallah
- CEA, DRF, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Grenoble F-38054, France; CNRS, UMR 5249, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Grenoble F-38054, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Grenoble F-38000, France; Université des Frères Mentouri, Laboratoire de Génie Microbiologique et Applications, Constantine 25117, Algeria
| | - Samir B Grama
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Biomolecules and Biotechnological Applications, University of Oum El Bouaghi, Oum El Bouaghi 04000, Algeria.
| | - Hacène Bousseboua
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biotechnologies, Constantine 25000, Algeria
| | - Yves Jouanneau
- CEA, DRF, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Grenoble F-38054, France; CNRS, UMR 5249, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Grenoble F-38054, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Jixiang Yang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, China.
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Gomaa M, El-Naeb EH, Hifney AF, Adam MS, Fawzy MA. Hormesis effects of phenol on growth and cellular metabolites of Chlorella sp. under different nutritional conditions using response surface methodology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:56904-56919. [PMID: 36928704 PMCID: PMC10121499 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of different phenol concentrations (200 - 1000 mg L-1) towards Chlorella sp. under different culture conditions (light vs. dark) and NaNO3 concentrations (0 - 0.1 g L-1) using central composite design. Phenol induced hormesis effects on the algal growth and cellular metabolites. Nitrate was identified as a crucial factor for promoting the uptake of phenol by Chlorella cells, while light was a limiting factor for growth, but the phyco-toxicity of phenol was decreased in the dark. The pigment contents were generally increased in the treated cells to protect against the oxidative phenol stress. The incorporation of 200 mg L-1 phenol and 0.05 g L-1 NaNO3 to the illuminated cells markedly promoted biomass and lipid contents to 0.22 g L-1 and 26.26% w/w, which was 44 and 112% higher than the phenol-less control, respectively. Under the same conditions, the increase of phenol concentration to 600 mg L-1, the protein contents were increased to 18.59% w/w. Conversely, the algal cells were able to accumulate more than 60% w/w of soluble carbohydrates under dark conditions at 600 mg L-1 of phenol. Nitrate replete conditions stimulated lipid accumulation at the expense of protein biosynthesis. Furthermore, most of the treatments showed an increase of H2O2 and malonaldehyde contents, especially for the illuminated cells. However, catalase activity tended to increase under dark conditions, especially at low phenol and nitrate concentrations. This study is valuable in indicating the effects of phenol on microalgae by exploiting response surface methodology, which can be applied as a powerful tool in growth monitoring and toxicity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Gomaa
- Botany & Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
| | - Eman H El-Naeb
- Botany & Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Awatief F Hifney
- Botany & Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Adam
- Botany & Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Mustafa A Fawzy
- Botany & Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, 21974, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Limited Phosphorous Supply Improved Lipid Content of Chlorella vulgaris That Increased Phenol and 2-Chlorophenol Adsorption from Contaminated Water with Acid Treatment. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10112435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are toxic and ominously present in industrial effluents, which can end up in water bodies, causing potential damage to living organisms. This study employed the dried biomass of freshwater green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris to remove phenol and 2-chlorophenol from an aqueous environment. C. vulgaris was grown under different phosphorus- (P) starved conditions, and biomass was treated with sulfuric acid. It was observed that reducing the P level enhanced the lipid content by 7.8 times while decreasing protein by 7.2 times. P-starved C. vulgaris dried biomass removed phenol and 2-chlorophenol by 69 and 57%, respectively, after 180 min from the contaminated water. Acid-treated P-starved C. vulgaris dried biomass removed phenol and 2-chlorophenol by 77 and 75%, respectively, after 180 min. Thus, an economical and eco-friendly P-starved and acid treated C. vulgaris biomass has better potential to remove phenol and 2-chlorophenol from contaminated ground water and industrial wastewater.
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Wu P, Zhang Z, Luo Y, Bai Y, Fan J. Bioremediation of phenolic pollutants by algae - current status and challenges. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 350:126930. [PMID: 35247559 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Industrial production processes, especially petroleum processing, will produce high concentration phenolic wastewater. Traditional wastewater treatment technology is costly and may lead to secondary pollution. In order to avoid the adverse effects of incompletely treated phenolics, more advanced methods are required. Algae bioremediate phenolics through green pathways such as adsorption, bioaccumulation, biodegradation, and photodegradation. At the same time, the natural carbon fixation capacity of algae and its potential to produce high-value products make algal wastewater treatment technology economically feasible. This paper reviews the environmental impact of several types of phenolic pollutants in wastewater and different strategies to improve bioremediation efficiency. This paper focuses on the progress of algae removing phenols by different mechanisms and the potential of algae biomass for further biofuel production. This technology holds great promise, but more research on practical wastewater treatment at an industrial scale is needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Zhaofei Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yeling Luo
- Department of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Department of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jianhua Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
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