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Banaru D, Boyd D, Halevy M, Oliver A, Orsat-Parker K, Brien M, Krishna D, Coutinho F, Ogourtsova T. Social capital of families of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities in South India. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024. [PMID: 38698550 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the social capital of families with children with neurodevelopmental disabilities in South India receiving a community-based early intervention (Enabling Inclusion®) program and to explore determinants and associations between social capital and program duration, socio-demographic factors, family empowerment, and caregiver burden. METHOD Using purposive sampling in a cross-sectional study design, 217 families (n = 71 received short Enabling Inclusion [<5 months]; n = 146 received long Enabling Inclusion [>9 months]) were recruited and completed the Short Adapted Social Capital Tool (SASCAT: cognitive, structural), measures of family empowerment, and caregiver strain. Descriptive statistics, regression, and correlations were used for analyses. RESULTS In 52.1% of participants, low cognitive and structural social capital was observed. Higher odds of low structural social capital were observed for mothers with primary versus secondary education (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.13-0.90; p = 0.029); and caregivers of children with cerebral palsy versus autism (OR = 4.66; 95% CI 1.02-21.21; p = 0.046). Significant associations were found between structural social capital, the child's age, and support group membership (χ2 = 6.29; 4.70; degrees of freedom [df] = 2; 1; p = 0.04; p = 0.02 respectively), as well as between cognitive social capital and other disability in the family (χ2 = 4.62, df = 1, p = 0.03). INTERPRETATION While program duration was not found to mediate social capital, mother's education and child's diagnosis emerged as key influential factors, warranting their consideration in interventions supporting families of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities in low- and-middle-income countries and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Banaru
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dana Boyd
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Melanie Halevy
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Angel Oliver
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kayla Orsat-Parker
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie Brien
- Enabling Inclusion Program, Amar Seva Sangam, Ayikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dinesh Krishna
- Enabling Inclusion Program, Amar Seva Sangam, Ayikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Franzina Coutinho
- Enabling Inclusion Program, Amar Seva Sangam, Ayikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
- Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Research Center - RESI ALLIANT KID Laboratory, site of Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Centre Intégré de Santé et de Services Sociaux de Laval, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Tatiana Ogourtsova
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Research Center - RESI ALLIANT KID Laboratory, site of Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Centre Intégré de Santé et de Services Sociaux de Laval, Laval, QC, Canada
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Samuel PS, Anderson N, Marsack-Topolewski CN, Milberger S. Electronic Version of the Family Quality of Life Survey (eFQOLS): Reliability and Validity for Families of Individuals With Disabilities and Chronic Health Conditions. Occup Ther Health Care 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38690780 DOI: 10.1080/07380577.2024.2343676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
This study tested the psychometric properties of an electronic Family Quality of Life Survey (eFQOLS) when used with families of individuals with disabilities and/or chronic health conditions. Data gathered from 272 family caregivers using the eFQOLS were subjected to reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis to test the internal consistency of the scales, as well as criterion and construct validity of the internal structure of the scale. Testing factor structures of the item-level domain models indicated that initiative and stability had low factor loadings in many domains. As a result, these items were deleted from the subscales. The subscale-level FQOL factor structure demonstrated a good fit after two adjustments. The internal consistency of the 27-item total FQOL scale was excellent (α = .93), while that of the subscales ranged from moderate to strong (α = .69 to .90). The eFQOLS had a moderate degree of construct validity, good criterion validity, and reliability when used with diverse families across the lifespan. Additional research is needed to continue refining the survey with a more heterogenous sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethy Sarah Samuel
- Department of Health Care Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy & Health Care Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nia Anderson
- Michigan Developmental Disabilities Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Sharon Milberger
- Michigan Developmental Disabilities Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Wang J, Liu W, Li X, Ma Y, Zhao Q, Lü Y, Xiao M. Examining the Social Networks Types and Their Effects on Caregiving Experience of Family Caregivers for Individuals With Dementia: A Mixed-Methods Study. Innov Aging 2024; 8:igae040. [PMID: 38859823 PMCID: PMC11163924 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igae040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Social networks are crucial to personal health, particularly among caregivers of individuals with dementia; however, different types of social networks among caregivers of those with dementia and how these differences are associated with caregiver burden and positive appraisal, remain underexamined. This study aims to depict dementia caregivers' social network types, related factors, and impact on caregiving experiences. Research Design and Methods A questionnaire-based survey was conducted with a total of 237 family caregivers of individuals with dementia nested additional semistructured interviews conducted with 14 caregivers in Chongqing, China. A quantitative study was designed to collect data on personal and situational information, social networks, caregiver burden, and positive aspects of caregiving. Qualitative data were collected via semistructured interviews. Latent class analysis and multivariate regression analyses were applied to quantitative data, and inductive content analysis to qualitative data. Results The 3 social network types-family-limited (n = 39, 16.46%), family-dominant (n = 99, 41.77%), and diverse network (n = 99, 41.77%)-differed in age and sex of caregivers and individuals with dementia, stage of dementia, and caregiving intensity. Caregivers in family-dominant networks had a lower caregiver burden (β= -0.299, p = .003) and greater positive aspects of caregiving (β= 0.228, p = .021) than those in family-limited networks. Three themes-accessibility, reciprocity, and reliance-emerged as facilitators and barriers when asking for support. Caregivers frequently cited the perception of economic, practical, and emotional support, yet reported a lack of adequate formal support from healthcare providers. Discussion and Implication Family caregivers of individuals with dementia have different social network types that vary considerably among sociocultural contexts and perceive various types of support from social networks. Solid family networks and diverse social networks are contributors to long-term dementia care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weichu Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuelian Li
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingzhuo Ma
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghua Zhao
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Lü
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingzhao Xiao
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Chen Y, Li W, Zhang X, Cheng H, Tian Y, Yang H. Association between social capital and quality of life in older adults with subjective cognitive decline: A cross-sectional study. Appl Nurs Res 2024; 75:151773. [PMID: 38490797 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2024.151773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is increasingly recognized as a clinical and medical risk factor for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Currently, there is little evidence regarding the quality of life (QoL) in older adults with SCD and the impact of social capital on their QoL. AIMS To examine the perceptions of social capital and QoL among older adults with SCD. METHODS A total of 325 participants (92.9 % response rate) with a self-reported diagnosis of SCD completed the Chinese version of the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey, the Chinese Shortened Social Capital Scale and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale. A t-test was used to compare the QoL score of our sample with the Chinese norm. Pearson correlation analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis were used to assess the association of social capital with QoL. RESULTS Social capital were strongly correlated with the total QoL, as well as its physical component summary and mental component summary. The QoL score of older adults with SCD was significantly lower than the Chinese norm (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that social capital, physical activity, nutrition and anxiety symptoms were factors associated with QoL among older SCD population (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The findings of the current study suggest that older adults with SCD may experience lower QoL. Social capital is associated with the QoL in older adults with SCD. These findings have implications for clinicians who work with older adults with SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Chen
- Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Wei Li
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Tsinghua University, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yuling Tian
- First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Hui Yang
- First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, China.
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Morgan B, Stites SD, Greenfield F, Fisher L, Kalafsky M, Hodgson N, Massimo L. Time out weekly smile: A pilot test of a virtual respite program. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 54:178-183. [PMID: 37797545 PMCID: PMC10955550 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Respite care provides alternative care for persons living with dementia (PLWD) and is intended to alleviate the burden of caregiving. However, the evaluation of respite programs is limited. Time Out Weekly Smile (TOWS) is a virtual intergenerational respite care program designed to meet the needs of PLWD and their care partners and provide allied health students opportunities to serve as respite volunteers. This multi-method pilot study aimed to evaluate the experience of TOWS participation for all (i.e., care partners, PLWD, students) and identify outcomes of interest for future efficacy studies. Semi-structured interviews with all participants after experiencing TOWS were analyzed using conventional content analysis methods and student surveys of dementia attitudes were summarized. Results demonstrated lasting mutual benefits for all participants including social connection and creating meaning. Our findings suggest that including all respite care participants in future efficacy studies will elucidate the wide impact of respite care programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Morgan
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Palliative Care, New York City, NY, USA; University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA; New Courtland Center for Transitions and Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shana D Stites
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Felicia Greenfield
- Penn Memory Center, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren Fisher
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA; New Courtland Center for Transitions and Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Megan Kalafsky
- Penn Memory Center, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nancy Hodgson
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA; New Courtland Center for Transitions and Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren Massimo
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA; New Courtland Center for Transitions and Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Blackberry I, Rasekaba T, Morgan D, Royals K, Greenhill J, Perkins D, O’Connell M, Hamiduzzaman M, Winbolt M, Robinson A, Davis H, Wilding C. Virtual Dementia-Friendly Communities (Verily Connect) Stepped-Wedge Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial: Improving Dementia Caregiver Wellbeing in Rural Australia. Geriatrics (Basel) 2023; 8:85. [PMID: 37736885 PMCID: PMC10514836 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics8050085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Caring for people living with dementia often leads to social isolation and decreased support for caregivers. This study investigated the effect of a Virtual Dementia-Friendly Rural Communities (Verily Connect) model on social support and demand for caregivers of people living with dementia. The co-designed intervention entailed an integrated website and mobile application, peer-support videoconference, and technology learning hubs. This mixed-methods, stepped-wedge, cluster-randomised controlled trial was conducted with 113 participants from 12 rural communities in Australia. Caregiver data were collected using MOS-SSS and ZBI between 2018 and 2020. The relationship between post-intervention social support with age, years of caring, years since diagnosis, and duration of intervention were explored through correlation analysis and thin plate regression. Google Analytics were analysed for levels of engagement, and cost analysis was performed for implementation. Results showed that caregivers' perception of social support (MOS-SSS) increased over 32 weeks (p = 0.003) and there was a marginal trend of less care demand (ZBI) among caregivers. Better social support was observed with increasing caregiver age until 55 years. Younger caregivers (aged <55 years) experienced the greatest post-intervention improvement. The greatest engagement occurred early in the trial, declining sharply thereafter. The Verily Connect model improved caregivers' social support and appeared to ease caregiver demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Blackberry
- John Richards Centre for Rural Ageing Research, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Wodonga, VIC 3689, Australia; (T.R.); (K.R.); (C.W.)
- Care Economy Research Institute, La Trobe University, Wodonga, VIC 3689, Australia
| | - Tshepo Rasekaba
- John Richards Centre for Rural Ageing Research, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Wodonga, VIC 3689, Australia; (T.R.); (K.R.); (C.W.)
| | - Debra Morgan
- Canadian Centre for Rural and Agricultural Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada;
| | - Kayla Royals
- John Richards Centre for Rural Ageing Research, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Wodonga, VIC 3689, Australia; (T.R.); (K.R.); (C.W.)
| | - Jennene Greenhill
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, QLD 4225, Australia;
| | - David Perkins
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia;
- Mental Health Policy Unit, Health Services Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Megan O’Connell
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A5, Canada;
| | - Mohammad Hamiduzzaman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Margaret Winbolt
- Australian Institute for Primary Care and Ageing, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia;
| | | | - Hilary Davis
- Social Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia;
| | - Clare Wilding
- John Richards Centre for Rural Ageing Research, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Wodonga, VIC 3689, Australia; (T.R.); (K.R.); (C.W.)
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Park J, Aranda MP, Choi YJ, Jang Y. The Role of Ethnic Community Social Capital in the Association between Acculturation and Psychological Distress among Older Korean Americans. J Immigr Minor Health 2023; 25:608-615. [PMID: 36401712 PMCID: PMC10729732 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-022-01426-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Guided by the theories of social capital and stress-buffering, we examined how the association between low acculturation and poor mental health among older immigrants would be modified by social capital in ethnic communities (social cohesion, social engagement, perceived ethnic density, and the quality of social interaction). Using data from the Study of Older Korean Americans (N = 2,150, Mean age = 73.4), direct and interactive effect models were examined. Lower acculturation was associated with a greater level of psychological distress, and their link was modified by social cohesion (β = .19, p < .01) and negative social interactions (β = - .97, p < .01). Findings suggest that the mental health risk associated with low acculturation could be intensified when older immigrants perceive low sense of cohesion in their ethnic communities or have negative interactions with ethnic community members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyoung Park
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, Edward R. Roybal Institute On Aging, University of Southern California, 669 West 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0411, USA
| | - María P Aranda
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, Edward R. Roybal Institute On Aging, University of Southern California, 669 West 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0411, USA
| | - Yeon Jin Choi
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuri Jang
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, Edward R. Roybal Institute On Aging, University of Southern California, 669 West 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0411, USA.
- Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Meyer OL, Koo HJ, Strominger J, Tran D, Bach A, Leggett AN. Neighborhood Characteristics and Caregiver Depressive Symptoms in the National Study of Caregiving. J Aging Health 2022; 34:1005-1015. [PMID: 35428405 PMCID: PMC9749613 DOI: 10.1177/08982643221085106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: We examined the association between neighborhood characteristics and depressive symptoms in a population-based sample of dementia caregivers. Methods: Data came from the 2017 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) and National Study of Caregiving. The sample included 956 caregivers of those with dementia. Linear regression was used to examine associations between neighborhood physical disorder neighborhood social cohesion, and depressive symptoms, and to test the moderating effect of social support on these relations. Results: Results suggested that having friends and family (1) to talk to buffered the effect of high NPD and low cohesion on depressive symptoms, (2) to help with daily activities buffered the effect of low cohesion on depressive symptoms, and finally, and (3) to help with care had a protective effect on depressive symptoms if social cohesion was high. Discussion: Neighborhood contextual characteristics and social support interact to affect caregiver depressive symptoms in complex ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oanh L. Meyer
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Hyun Jung Koo
- Department of Psychiatry, Geriatric Psychiatry Section, University of Michigan, Michigan Medicine, MI 48109, USA
| | - Julie Strominger
- Department of Psychiatry, Geriatric Psychiatry Section, University of Michigan, Michigan Medicine, MI 48109, USA
| | - Duyen Tran
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Anna Bach
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Amanda N. Leggett
- Department of Psychiatry, Geriatric Psychiatry Section, University of Michigan, Michigan Medicine, MI 48109, USA
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Health equity and wellbeing among older people’s caregivers in New Zealand during COVID-19: Protocol for a qualitative study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271114. [PMID: 35839228 PMCID: PMC9286244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Knowledge of the challenges unpaid caregivers faced providing care to older people during the COVID-19 pandemic is limited. Challenges may be especially pronounced for those experiencing inequitable access to health and social care. This participatory action research study, located in New Zealand, has four main objectives, (i) to understand the challenges and rewards associated with caregiving to older care recipients during the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions; (ii) to map and collate resources developed (or mobilised) by organisations during the pandemic; (iii) to co-produce policy recommendations, identify useful caregiver resources and practices, prioritise unmet needs (challenges); and, (iv) to use project results in knowledge translation, in order to improve caregivers access to resources, and raise the profile and recognition of caregivers contribution to society. Methods and analysis Māori, Pacific and rural-dwelling caregivers to 30 older care-recipients, and 30 representatives from organisations supporting caregivers in New Zealand will be interviewed. Combining data from the interviews and caregivers letters (from an archive of older people’s pandemic experiences), framework analysis will be used to examine the interrelated systems of the human ecological model and the impact on caregiving experiences during the pandemic. Resources that service providers had created or used for caregivers and older people will be collated and categorised. Through co-production with caregivers and community partners we will produce three short films describing caregivers’ pandemic experiences; identify a suite of resources for caregivers to use in future events requiring self-isolation, and in everyday life; and generate ideas to address unresolved issues.
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Wilding C, Morgan D, Greenhill J, Perkins D, O'Connell ME, Bauer M, Farmer J, Morley C, Blackberry I. Web-Based Technologies to Support Carers of People Living With Dementia: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e33023. [PMID: 35588366 PMCID: PMC9164093 DOI: 10.2196/33023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Informal carers play a significant role in supporting people living with dementia; however, carers in rural areas are often isolated, with limited access to support services. Although dementia-friendly communities provide valued support for carers, access to them is limited as they are few and geographically dispersed. Objective This study’s aim was to increase support and services for rural informal carers of people living with dementia by using information and communication technologies accessed through an integrated website and mobile app—the Verily Connect app. The objective of this protocol is to detail the research design used in a complex study that was situated in a challenging real-world setting integrating web-based and on-ground technology and communication. Therefore, it is anticipated that this protocol will strengthen the research of others exploring similar complex concepts. Methods A stepped-wedge, open-cohort cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted to implement Verily Connect across 12 rural Australian communities. The Verily Connect intervention delivered web-based, curated information about dementia, a localized directory of dementia services and support, group and individual chat forums, and peer support through videoconference. During the implementation phase of 32 weeks, Verily Connect was progressively implemented in four 8-weekly waves of 3 communities per wave. Usual care, used as a comparator, was available to carers throughout the study period. Participants and researchers were unblinded to the intervention. There were 3 cohorts of participants: carers, volunteers, and staff; participants were recruited from their communities. The primary outcome measure was perceived carer social support measured using the Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey. Volunteers and staff provided feedback on their participation in Verily Connect as qualitative data. Qualitative data were collected from all cohorts of participants through interviews and focus groups. Process evaluation data were collected through interviews and memos written by research staff. Data on the costs of implementing Verily Connect were collected by the research team members and evaluated by a health economist. Results Between August 2018 and September 2019, a total of 113 participants were recruited. There were 37 (32.7%) carers, 39 (34.5%) volunteers, and 37 (32.7%) health service staff. The study was complex because of the involvement of multiple and varied communities of carers, volunteers, health service staff, and research team members originating from 5 universities. Web-based technologies were used as intervention strategies to support carers and facilitate the process of undertaking the study. Conclusions The Verily Connect trial enabled the testing and further development of a web-based approach to increasing support for carers of people living with dementia across a diverse rural landscape in Australia. This protocol provides an example of how to conduct a pragmatic evaluation of a complex and co-designed intervention involving multiple stakeholders. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618001213235; https://tinyurl.com/4rjvrasf International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR1-10.2196/33023
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Wilding
- John Richards Centre for Rural Ageing Research, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Wodonga, Australia
| | - Debra Morgan
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jennene Greenhill
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Renmark, Australia
| | - David Perkins
- Centre for Rural and Remote Mental Health, The University of Newcastle, Orange, Australia.,Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Megan E O'Connell
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Michael Bauer
- Australian Centre for Evidence Based Aged Care, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jane Farmer
- Social Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Irene Blackberry
- John Richards Centre for Rural Ageing Research, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Wodonga, Australia
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Efthymiou A, Middleton N, Charalambous A, Papastavrou E. Health literacy and eHealth literacy and their association with other caring concepts among carers of people with dementia: A descriptive correlational study. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:1109-1119. [PMID: 33956368 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Health literacy (HL) and eHealth literacy (eHL) can facilitate carers of people with dementia (PwD) to search, find, assess and apply information related to dementia-specific issues from different resources. There is a lack of research with regard to HL and eHL among carers of PwD. The aim of this study is to identify the levels of HL and eHL among carers of PwD in Greece and Cyprus and to search for the associations with other caring concepts. This study followed a descriptive correlational design. In total, 174 primary informal carers of PwD, mostly women, over 45 years old and with more than 12 years of education and 67 secondary carers (family, friends or neighbours) participated in the study. Primary informal carers completed a face-to-face survey on the level of HL and eHL, internet use, dementia-specific internet use, care-giving self-efficacy, coping strategies, care-giving perceptions and social support. Primary informal carers reported a high level of eHL and HL. Carers with higher HL were more likely to report higher score of eHL, care-giving self-efficacy and lower score of problematic/dysfunctional coping. Higher score of eHeals-Carer "information seeking" was related with higher use of emotion-focused strategies. From this study, a positive message was received with regard to the role of HL and eHL in the everyday caring life. Non-for-profit organisations and healthcare professionals could integrate in their practice assessment tools and develop tailored training courses for carers enhancing low level of HL and eHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areti Efthymiou
- Department of Nursing, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Nicos Middleton
- Department of Nursing, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Charalambous
- Department of Nursing, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
- Department of Nursing, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Wilding C, Davis H, Rasekaba T, Hamiduzzaman M, Royals K, Greenhill J, O’Connell ME, Perkins D, Bauer M, Morgan D, Blackberry I. Volunteers' Support of Carers of Rural People Living with Dementia to Use a Custom-Built Application. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189909. [PMID: 34574832 PMCID: PMC8472467 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is great potential for human-centred technologies to enhance wellbeing for people living with dementia and their carers. The Virtual Dementia Friendly Rural Communities (Verily Connect) project aimed to increase access to information, support, and connection for carers of rural people living with dementia, via a co-designed, integrated website/mobile application (app) and Zoom videoconferencing. Volunteers were recruited and trained to assist the carers to use the Verily Connect app and videoconferencing. The overall research design was a stepped wedge open cohort randomized cluster trial involving 12 rural communities, spanning three states of Australia, with three types of participants: carers of people living with dementia, volunteers, and health/aged services staff. Data collected from volunteers (n = 39) included eight interviews and five focus groups with volunteers, and 75 process memos written by research team members. The data were analyzed using a descriptive evaluation framework and building themes through open coding, inductive reasoning, and code categorization. The volunteers reported that the Verily Connect app was easy to use and they felt they derived benefit from volunteering. The volunteers had less volunteering work than they desired due to low numbers of carer participants; they reported that older rural carers were partly reluctant to join the trial because they eschewed using online technologies, which was the reason for involving volunteers from each local community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Wilding
- John Richards Centre for Rural Ageing Research, La Trobe University, Wodonga 3689, Australia; (C.W.); (T.R.); (K.R.)
| | - Hilary Davis
- Centre for Social Impact, Swinburne University, Melbourne 3122, Australia;
| | - Tshepo Rasekaba
- John Richards Centre for Rural Ageing Research, La Trobe University, Wodonga 3689, Australia; (C.W.); (T.R.); (K.R.)
| | | | - Kayla Royals
- John Richards Centre for Rural Ageing Research, La Trobe University, Wodonga 3689, Australia; (C.W.); (T.R.); (K.R.)
| | - Jennene Greenhill
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Renmark 5341, Australia;
| | - Megan E. O’Connell
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E4, Canada;
| | - David Perkins
- Centre for Rural and Remote Mental Health, The University of Newcastle, Orange 2800, Australia;
| | - Michael Bauer
- Australian Centre for Evidence Based Aged Care, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3083, Australia;
| | - Debra Morgan
- Department of Medicine, Canadian Centre for Health & Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada;
| | - Irene Blackberry
- John Richards Centre for Rural Ageing Research, La Trobe University, Wodonga 3689, Australia; (C.W.); (T.R.); (K.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-6024-9613
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the policy relevance of carer burden, limited research focuses on family carers' experience of carer burden among different disease groups. This study aimed to examine differences in carer burden among family carers of people with and without dementia. DESIGN Secondary data analysis was conducted on a national cross-sectional dataset. Multivariable ordered logistic regression was used to analyze four levels of carer burden (low, mild, moderate, high). The main independent variable was dementia diagnosis, and controls included variables relating to the care recipient, family carer, and context of care. SETTING The original survey was funded by Irish Health Service Executive and undertaken by the National Centre for the Protection of Older People in Ireland. PARTICIPANTS The original dataset consisted of 2,311 family carers of older people in Ireland. Approximately, one-fifth of this sample had a diagnosis of dementia. MEASUREMENTS Carer burden was measured using the standardized 22-item Zarit Burden Interview. Care-recipient dependency was measured using the Activities for Daily Living Scale. Sociodemographic details and information about the context of caring were collected using self-report scales. RESULTS In our model, dementia diagnosis and dependency level were significantly associated with carer burden. Family carer and context of care variables including gender, marital status, education, residence, co-residence, and perceived support showed significant relationships with carer burden. Our results highlighted significant differences in carer burden distribution; in particular, family carers of people with dementia were less likely to report low or mild carer burden (-6.95 ppts and -3.64 ppts, respectively) and more likely to report moderate or high carer burden (8.46 ppts and 2.13 ppts, respectively). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that family carers of people with dementia may experience additional challenges associated with caring. Therefore, family carers of people with dementia may require tailored social supports to maintain good health and well-being.
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Alhasan DM, Hirsch JA, Jackson CL, Miller MC, Cai B, Lohman MC. Neighborhood Characteristics and the Mental Health of Caregivers Cohabiting with Care Recipients Diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:913. [PMID: 33494425 PMCID: PMC7908545 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18030913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While studies have documented the influence of caregiver and care recipient factors on caregiver health, it is important to address the potential impact of neighborhood contexts. This study estimated the cross-sectional associations between neighborhood characteristics and mental health among caregivers cohabiting with Alzheimer's disease care recipients that were experiencing severe or non-severe neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) (e.g., aggression/anxiety). We obtained data collected in 2010 on caregivers and care recipients (n = 212) from a subset of South Carolina's Alzheimer's Disease Registry. Neighborhood measures (within 1 mile of the residence) came from the American Community Survey and the Rural-Urban Commuting Area Code. We categorized the neighborhood median household income into tertiles, namely, "low" (<$31,000), "medium" ($31,000-40,758), and "high" (>$40,758), and rurality as "large urban," "small urban," and "rural." We used negative binomial regression to estimate the prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for caregiver mental health using neighborhood characteristics. The mean age was 58 ± 10.3 years, 85% were women, and 55% were non-Hispanic Black. Among the caregivers cohabiting with a recipient experiencing severe NPS, higher distress was experienced by caregivers living in low- (PR = 1.61 (95% CI = 1.26-2.04)) and medium- (PR = 1.45 (95% CI = 1.17-1.78)) vs. high-income neighborhoods after an adjustment. These results suggest that neighborhood characteristics may amplify other social stressors experienced by caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M. Alhasan
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA;
| | - Jana A. Hirsch
- Urban Health Collaborative, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Chandra L. Jackson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA;
- Intramural Program, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Maggi C. Miller
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (M.C.M.); (B.C.); (M.C.L.)
| | - Bo Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (M.C.M.); (B.C.); (M.C.L.)
| | - Matthew C. Lohman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (M.C.M.); (B.C.); (M.C.L.)
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15
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Díaz A, Ponsoda JM, Beleña A. Optimism as a key to improving mental health in family caregivers of people living with Alzheimer's disease. Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:1662-1670. [PMID: 31960702 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1715342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present work was to study the serial multiple mediating role of optimism, perceived social support and subjective burden in the relationship between objective burden and psychological distress in caregivers of people with Alzheimer´s Disease (AD).Method: One hundred and forty family caregivers of people living with AD were recruited from randomly selected Alzheimer Association Centres. They answered the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), the Functional Social Support Questionnaire (DUKE.UNC), the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and questions relating to gender, age and the amount of time spent on daily caregiving.Results: Results indicated that objective burden and subjective burden were both high in these caregivers. Optimism mediated on psychological distress through social support and through subjective burden with a full mediation role. When comparisons between indirect effects were performed, optimism was the mediator with the greatest effect between objective burden and psychological distress.Conclusion: This study highlights the indirect role of optimism and the advantages that interventions in optimism training in the early stages of the person with AD could produce. Thus, alleviating subjective burden and increasing perceived social support, which would lead to an improvement in the mental health of family caregivers of people with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Díaz
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José M Ponsoda
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Association of Relatives and Friends of Alzheimer Disease Patients and Other Dependent Patients in Cocentaina Region, Alicante, Spain
| | - Angela Beleña
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Liu C, Fabius CD, Howard VJ, Haley WE, Roth DL. Change in Social Engagement among Incident Caregivers and Controls: Findings from the Caregiving Transitions Study. J Aging Health 2020; 33:114-124. [PMID: 32962491 DOI: 10.1177/0898264320961946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives:We aimed to compare incident family caregivers and matched controls on change in social network variables and satisfaction with social activities. Methods: A total of 479 participants from the Caregiving Transitions Study were included in the analysis, 244 (50.9%) of whom began substantial and sustained caregiving between baseline and follow-up interviews. We assessed associations between incident caregiving and change in social network size, change in monthly social contact, and satisfaction with social activities. Results: Incident caregivers reported lower satisfaction with social activities and greater decline in social network size than controls. Among only the caregivers, dementia caregivers reported greater decline in social network size while caregivers who were spouses, experienced higher strain, and provided more hours of care reported lower satisfaction with social activities. Discussion: Social engagement declined more among incident caregivers than controls. Future studies should aim to understand why subgroups of caregivers reported lower social engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Liu
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, USA
| | - Chanee D Fabius
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, USA
| | | | | | - David L Roth
- Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University, USA
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Hafeez H, Abdullah MI, Riaz A, Shafique I. Prevention of occupational injuries and accidents: A social capital perspective. Nurs Inq 2020; 27:e12354. [PMID: 32406124 DOI: 10.1111/nin.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prior research has consistently established the pragmatic nature of literature regarding occupational injuries and accidental happenings faced by nursing professionals. However, current realities require a subjective approach to identify preventative measures that could influence occupational health and safety in healthcare sectors. A qualitative design followed a descriptive approach to assess unbiased opinions towards occupational obstructions that lead to accidental happenings. This study used the social capital framework in particular as a support resource to eliminate its detrimental effects on nurse's capacity to serve their patients. The findings extended the fundamental understanding of social capital from social ties to workplace and personal ties as potential mechanisms of support. Healthcare organizations need to redefine their control policies to provide the ultimate support to their care agents. A social capital model offers nursing practitioners and nursing managers an approach for building evidence-based policies with implications for nurse's safety, education and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Hafeez
- University of Lahore, Gujrat, Pakistan.,COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Amir Riaz
- COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan
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18
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Abstract
The concept of social capital appears in the literature of multiple disciplines as a social determinant of health, an important aspect of human interaction, and a means to support population health capacity. Little is known about the use of social capital within the context of nursing. This article's aim provides insight into the concept of social capital and nursing. Avant and Walker methodology was used to analyze a sample of 78 articles. Along with a variety of articles and content themes, findings from this concept analysis include critical attributes, an operational definition, and reflections regarding future use.
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19
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Samuel PS, DiZazzo-Miller R. Family Quality of Life: Perspectives of Family Caregivers of People with Dementia. PHYSICAL & OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY IN GERIATRICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02703181.2019.1613467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Bauer M, Fetherstonhaugh D, Blackberry I, Farmer J, Wilding C. Identifying support needs to improve rural dementia services for people with dementia and their carers: A consultation study in Victoria, Australia. Aust J Rural Health 2019; 27:22-27. [PMID: 30719789 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The support and service needs of people with dementia and their carers are not always addressed in rural regions, yet family carers play an important role in supporting the person living with dementia to remain living in their own home. This study sought to identify and prioritise service and support needs of people with dementia and carers. DESIGN A two-phase mixed methods study involving qualitative focus groups and a survey. SETTING A rural region in Victoria, Australia. PARTICIPANTS People living with dementia, carers and health professionals. RESULTS Focus groups identified 12 areas of need. A follow-up survey reached consensus on the priority areas for service improvement. These included diagnosis and information access, dementia training, community understanding and carer support. CONCLUSION Living in a rural region imposes significant challenges on people with dementia and carers. We need to find ways to address gaps in service provision for carers and people with dementia in rural settings and examine their applicability in other rural regions more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jane Farmer
- Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Teahan Á, Lafferty A, McAuliffe E, Phelan A, O'Sullivan L, O'Shea D, Fealy G. Resilience in family caregiving for people with dementia: A systematic review. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2018; 33:1582-1595. [PMID: 30230018 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to critically examine, evaluate, and synthesize the literature on resilience in family caregiving for people with dementia. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines to identify articles which examined resilience and related concepts in family caregiving for people with dementia. The review was based on a systematic search of scholarly databases, to yield peer-reviewed articles and grey literature, published between 2006 and 2016. Two independent reviewers prescreened the search results and conducted formal assessments and quality appraisals of the retrieved articles. RESULTS A total of 13 863 articles were identified by the systematic search, and 52 articles were included in the review. Based on a critical narrative synthesis of the literature, the study proposes a model of resilience for family carers of people with dementia, which incorporates the context of caring, social and cultural characteristics, and psychological dimensions of caring. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that there is no single approach to enhancing resilience among family carers of people with dementia. Resilience is a multifaceted response to the caregiving role, and is influenced by a multitude of interrelated factors. However, the factors and resources outlined have been addressed, with limited success in some cases, by psychosocial interventions in the field. While the work conducted to date to develop resilience-enhancing interventions has been marked with some success, the next wave of carer research could usefully examine ecological perspectives on carer outcomes, including carer resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Áine Teahan
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Attracta Lafferty
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eilish McAuliffe
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Amanda Phelan
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Gerard Fealy
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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22
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Rydström I, Dalheim Englund L, Dellve L, Ahlstrom L. Importance of social capital at the workplace for return to work among women with a history of long-term sick leave: a cohort study. BMC Nurs 2017; 16:38. [PMID: 28725159 PMCID: PMC5513137 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-017-0234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The workplace is an essential source of social capital for many people; it provides mutual support and gives meaning to life. However, few prospective studies have thoroughly investigated the importance of aspects of social capital in the workplace. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between aspects of social capital (social support, sense of community, and quality of leadership) at the workplace, and work ability, working degree, and vitality among women with a history of long-term sick leave from human service organizations. METHODS A longitudinal cohort study was performed among women with a history of long-term sick leave. The study started in 2005, and the women were followed up at 6 months, 1 year, and 6 years using self-reported questionnaires (baseline n = 283). Linear mixed models were used for longitudinal analysis of the repeated measurements of prospective degree of work ability, working degree, and vitality. Analyses were performed with different models; the explanatory variables for each model were social support, sense of community, and quality of leadership and time. RESULTS Social capital in terms of quality of leadership (being good at solving conflicts and giving high priority to job satisfaction), sense of community (co-operation between colleagues) and social support (help and support from immediate superiors and colleagues) increased the women's work ability score (WAS) as well as working degree over time. Additionally, social capital in terms of quality of leadership increased the women's vitality score over time. CONCLUSIONS A sustainable return-to-work process among individuals with a history of long-term sick leave, going in and out of work participation, could be supported with social support, good quality of leadership, and a sense of community at the workplace. The responsibility for the rehabilitation process can not be reduced to an individual problem, but ought to include all stakeholders involved in the process, such as managers, colleagues, health care services, and the social security agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingela Rydström
- Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, 501 90 Borås, Sweden
| | - Lotta Dalheim Englund
- Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, 501 90 Borås, Sweden
| | - Lotta Dellve
- Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, 501 90 Borås, Sweden.,Department of Sociology and Work Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linda Ahlstrom
- Health and Care Sciences, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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23
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Tretteteig S, Vatne S, Rokstad AMM. The influence of day care centres designed for people with dementia on family caregivers - a qualitative study. BMC Geriatr 2017; 17:5. [PMID: 28056843 PMCID: PMC5216603 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-016-0403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dementia is one of the most challenging age-related illnesses for family caregivers, whose care-related burden is well known. Research indicates that day care centres (DCCs) can reduce the caregiver burden and help family caregivers to cope with demands; however, the current body of knowledge is still tentative and inconsistent, and more research is recommended. The aim of this study is to provide an extended understanding of the situation of family caregivers and to examine to what extent DCCs can meet their need for support and respite. Methods This study has a qualitative descriptive design using in-depth interviews with 17 family caregivers of people with dementia attending DCCs. The data analysis was undertaken using systematic text condensation. Results Caregivers experience a complex role, with added responsibilities, new tasks, and emotional and relational challenges that are expressed through distressing emotions and demands for interaction. Additionally, the caregiving role leads to positive experiences, such as acceptance and adaptation, support and help, and positive changes in the relationship. Day care relieves family caregivers by meeting the person with dementia’s needs for social community, nutrition, physical activity, and structure and variety in everyday life. Using a DCC led to a higher quality of time spent together and easier cooperation, but it also produced some hard feelings and challenging situations. DCCs gave the caregivers a feeling of freedom and increased the time available to be spent on their own needs, to be social and to work or do practical tasks undisturbed. Conclusions DCCs for people with dementia can give family caregivers support and relief and have a positive impact on the relationship between the family caregiver and the person with dementia. A more individualized program, in addition to flexible opening hours, would make DCCs even more effective as a respite service, positively influencing the family caregiver’s motivation and ability to care and postponing the need for nursing home placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Tretteteig
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.
| | | | - Anne Marie Mork Rokstad
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.,Molde University College, Molde, Norway
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24
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Bond KS, Jorm AF, Kitchener BA, Kelly CM, Chalmers KJ. Development of guidelines for family and non-professional helpers on assisting an older person who is developing cognitive impairment or has dementia: a Delphi expert consensus study. BMC Geriatr 2016; 16:129. [PMID: 27387756 PMCID: PMC4936264 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-016-0305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Assisting a person with dementia can lead to significant carer burden and possible negative outcomes for the person. Using the Delphi method, this study developed expert consensus guidelines for how family and non-professional carers should assist a person who is developing cognitive impairment, or has dementia or delirium. Methods A systematic search of websites, books and journal articles was conducted to develop a questionnaire containing items about the knowledge, skills and actions needed for assisting a person who is developing cognitive impairment, or has dementia or delirium. These items were rated over three rounds by two international expert panels comprising professionals specialising in research or treatment of dementia, and dementia carer advocates. Results A total of 65 participants (43 in the professional panel and 22 in the carer advocate panel) completed all three survey rounds. Of the 656 survey items that were rated, a total of 389 items were endorsed by at least 80 % of each panel. The endorsed items formed the basis of a guidelines document that explains what family and non-professional carers need to know and do when assisting a person who is developing cognitive impairment, or has dementia or delirium. Conclusions The two groups of experts were able to reach substantial consensus on how to assist a person who is developing cognitive impairment, or has dementia or delirium. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12877-016-0305-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Bond
- Mental Health First Aid Australia, Level 6, 369 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - A F Jorm
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Level 4, 207 Bouverie Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - B A Kitchener
- Mental Health First Aid Australia, Level 6, 369 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - C M Kelly
- Mental Health First Aid Australia, Level 6, 369 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - K J Chalmers
- Mental Health First Aid Australia, Level 6, 369 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
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25
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Riedel O, Klotsche J, Wittchen HU. Overlooking Informal Dementia Caregivers' Burden. Res Gerontol Nurs 2016; 9:167-74. [DOI: 10.3928/19404921-20160531-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kim W, Lee TH, Shin J, Park EC. Depressive symptoms in spouse caregivers of dementia patients: A longitudinal study in South Korea. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 17:973-983. [PMID: 27302538 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between spouse cognitive status and depressive symptoms in cohabiting spouses, and to further analyze how participation in social network-enhancing activities interplays in the objected relationship. METHODS Data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging, 2006-2012, were used. A total of 2782 male and 2515 female married participants currently cohabiting with their partners were included in the baseline. The association between spouse cognitive status and depressive symptoms, measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale, was investigated through the generalized estimating equation model. RESULTS When setting the participants living with spouses of normal cognitive function as reference, participants living with spouses having mild dementia (male β 0.7349, P ≤ 0.0001; female β 0.8042, P ≤ 0.0001), and moderate and severe dementia (male β 1.1504, P ≤ 0.0001; female β 1.2462, P ≤ 0.0006) showed higher depression scores in a dose-response relationship. Additionally, male and female subjects participating in social network facilitating activities had lower increases in depression scores than their non-participating counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Spouse cognitive impairment is associated with increasing depression scores in cohabiting caregivers. Individuals not participating in social network-facilitating activities are more vulnerable to the negative mental health effects of spouse cognitive impairment. Hence, considering the increasing importance of late life depression and cognitive decline in aging societies, it is important to note the protective effects of social network and support in addressing the mental health of spouse caregivers. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 973-983.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woorim Kim
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeyong Shin
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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