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Morgan BE, Hodgson NA, Massimo LM, Ravitch SM. The Listening Guide: Illustrating an underused voice-centred methodology to foreground underrepresented research populations. J Adv Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38415935 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
AIM To highlight the value of utilizing the Listening Guide methodology for nursing research and provide an exemplar applying this methodology to explore a novel concept in an underrepresented group-inner strength in persons newly diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment along with their care partners. DESIGN Methodology discussion paper. METHODS The exemplar study used the Listening Guide methods for data elicitation and analysis. Methods included adaptations for the study population and novice qualitative researchers. RESULTS The Listening Guide methodology with adaptations enabled the research team to centre the voices of persons living with mild cognitive impairment, highlight an abstract phenomenon and attend to the influences of the sociopolitical context. Further, this methodology helped address common challenges emerging qualitative researchers encounter, including understanding methods of application, engaging reflexively and immersing in the data. CONCLUSION The Listening Guide is a voice-centred qualitative methodology that is well suited to foreground the experiences of groups underrepresented in research and explore emerging phenomena. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Nurses are central to striving for health equity. The Listening Guide methodology offers a valuable and accessible research tool to understand the experiences and needs of underrepresented groups and shape healthcare in response. IMPACT The Listening Guide methodology can be broadly applied to research with persons with mild cognitive impairment, and other underrepresented groups, to explore other phenomena beyond inner strength and move the science forward in representing the perspectives of groups underrepresented by research. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Persons living with cognitive impairment and their care partners participated in study conceptualization, interview guide development, methods development and dissemination plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna E Morgan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- New Courtland Center for Transitions and Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nancy A Hodgson
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- New Courtland Center for Transitions and Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren M Massimo
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- New Courtland Center for Transitions and Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sharon M Ravitch
- University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Wang RH, Kao CC, Su YC, Chen SY, Hsu HC, Lu CH, Jone KY. Character Strengths Use in Diabetes Self-management Scale: Development and psychometric testing. J Adv Nurs 2023; 79:4034-4043. [PMID: 37259482 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To develop and psychometrically test Character Strengths Use in Diabetes Self-management Scale in people with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN Cross-sectional design. METHODS Based on literature reviews and examination by experts, a 20-item scale was developed and administered to 350 participants with type 2 diabetes who were enrolled from two endocrine clinics by convenience sampling in Taiwan. Item analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), concurrent and predictive validity as well as reliability were used to examine the psychometric characteristics of the scale. Data were collected from November 2021 to March 2022. RESULTS EFA and CFA supported a 12-item scale with three factors, namely learning proactively, taking on challenges and thinking positively, fit the data well. The total score of the 12-item scale significantly and positively correlated with diabetes-specific quality of life, and significantly and negatively correlated with baseline and 9-month haemoglobin A1c levels. Cronbach's α for overall scale and subscales ranged between .78 and .91. CONCLUSION The 12-item Character Strengths Use in Diabetes Self-management Scale demonstrated satisfactory validity and reliability in people with type 2 diabetes. IMPACT Nurses could apply this new scale to identify the degree of using character strengths in self-management in people with type 2 diabetes; accordingly, character strength-based interventions could be provided to improve self-management in such patients with diabetes. Furthermore, the 12-item Character Strengths Use in Diabetes Self-management Scale has the potential to be used to measure the effectiveness of strength-based interventions in people with Type 2 diabetes. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Five patients with type 2 diabetes were invited to take the original 20-item scale to evaluate the clarity, readability and comprehensiveness of the 20 items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruey-Hsia Wang
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chan Kao
- School of Nursing, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Su
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Yu Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Chieh-Hua Lu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Yung Jone
- School of Psychology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Art Therapy with Military Families: The Animal Strengths and Family Environment Directive. ARTS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aip.2023.102016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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Yan T, Chan CWH, Chow KM, Xiao J, Li M. Development of an evidence‑based, theory‑driven, and culturally appropriate character strengths-based intervention for breast cancer patients, following the Medical Research Council Framework. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:45. [PMID: 36525147 PMCID: PMC9755794 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07538-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To design and develop a complex, evidence‑based, theory‑driven, and culturally appropriate character strengths-based intervention (CSI) for breast cancer patients, following the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework. METHODS From 2018 September to 2020 November, a complex intervention perspective was adopted. The rationale, methods, and processes employed in carrying out the study were reported. The acceptability and feasibility of intervention program were evaluated as a part of subsequent pilot study. Based on piloting, a refined and optimized definitive intervention was obtained. The development of the intervention is an iterative process involving input from three key stakeholders: experts, medical staff, and patient representatives. RESULTS The systematic review revealed CSIs were effective and the selected theory served as a guide and indicated theory-inspired modifications. A representative team of breast cancer patients and oncology nurses collaboratively developed and tailored the intervention content and format with attention to the acceptability and feasibility. Five main strategies, including peripheral, evidential, linguistic, constituent-involving, and sociocultural strategies, were used to achieve and strengthen the cultural appropriateness. After the pilot phase, several refinements were made on the CSI program, such as editorial changes in the booklet or alternative suggestions for difficult strengths-based activities (e.g., outdoor activities). All participants not only expressed satisfaction with the program in process evaluation, but also reported perceived benefits such as enjoyable and sociable experience, better well-being, and increased confidence. CONCLUSION Consideration of the MRC framework, theory guidance, and suggestions from stakeholders during intervention development can optimize uptake and sustainability in the clinical setting. It is recommended that randomized controlled trial be used in future studies to assess the intervention, the process and the mechanisms of the intervention. Our approach may offer implications for the design and implementation of similar initiatives to support cancer patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Register Identifier: NCT04219267, 07/01/2020, retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yan
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319School of Nursing, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Carmen W. H. Chan
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka Ming Chow
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jinnan Xiao
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingzi Li
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319School of Nursing, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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Weziak-Bialowolska D, Lee MT, Bialowolski P, Chen Y, VanderWeele TJ, McNeely E. Prospective associations between strengths of moral character and health: longitudinal evidence from survey and insurance claims data. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023; 58:163-176. [PMID: 35916915 PMCID: PMC9344441 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02344-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Excellent character, reflected in adherence to high standards of moral behavior, has been argued to contribute to well-being. The study goes beyond this claim and provides insights into the role of strengths of moral character (SMC) for physical and mental health. METHODS This study used longitudinal observational data merged with medical insurance claims data collected from 1209 working adults of a large services organization in the US. Self-reported physical and mental health as well as diagnostic information on depression, anxiety, and cardiovascular disease were used as outcomes. The prospective associations between SMC (7 indicators and a composite measure) and physical and mental health outcomes were examined using lagged linear and logistic regression models. A series of sensitivity analyses provided evidence for the robustness of results. RESULTS The results suggest that persons who live their life according to high moral standards have substantially lower odds of depression (by 21-51%). The results were also indicative of positive associations between SMC and self-reports of mental health (β = 0.048-0.118) and physical health (β = 0.048-0.096). Weaker indications were found for a protective role of SMC in mitigating anxiety (OR = 0.797 for the indicator of delayed gratification) and cardiovascular disease (OR = 0.389 for the indicator of use of SMC for helping others). CONCLUSIONS SMC may be considered relevant for population mental health and physical health. Public health policies promoting SMC are likely to receive positive reception from the general public because character is both malleable and aligned with the nearly universal human desire to become a better person.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Weziak-Bialowolska
- Sustainability and Health Initiative (SHINE), Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. .,Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Centre for Evaluation and Analysis of Public Policies, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Matthew T. Lee
- Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA , Institute for Studies of Religion, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Piotr Bialowolski
- Sustainability and Health Initiative (SHINE), Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA ,Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA ,Department of Economics, Kozminski University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ying Chen
- Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA ,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Tyler J. VanderWeele
- Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA ,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Eileen McNeely
- Sustainability and Health Initiative (SHINE), Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
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Otrębski W, Mariańczyk K, Krzysztofik K. Selected Personality Traits and Employment as the Predictors of the Intensity of Psychosocial Problems Experienced by Chronically Ill Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:747. [PMID: 36613067 PMCID: PMC9819775 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study sought to determine the effect of being employed or unemployed on the relationships between selected personal variables (acceptance of one's illness, self-efficacy, and self-actualization) and the intensity of psychosocial problems experienced by chronically ill persons (ChIP). PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURES The PCH-R Scale, the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, the Acceptance-of-Illness Scale, and the Self-Actualization Scale were used to collect information from 236 employed and unemployed ChIP. RESULTS Acceptance of illness and self-efficacy predicted the intensity of general psychosocial problems and problems in the personal, family, social, and occupational spheres in both employed and unemployed ChIP. CONCLUSIONS The results can significantly contribute to increasing the effectiveness of treatment and support offered to ChIP. Continued employment or reemployment after a period of intense therapy can protect them from a rapid degradation of their personal-and frequently, socio-economic-resources, which are necessary for them to be able to adapt to new challenges and maintain a good quality of life, despite experiencing a chronic illness.
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Character Strengths and Health-Related Quality of Life in a Large International Sample: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Yan T, Chan CWH, Chow KM, Li M. Experiences and perception of character strengths among patients with breast cancer in China: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e061994. [PMID: 36307158 PMCID: PMC9621164 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the patients' experiences on character strengths that Chinese patients experience after the diagnosis of breast cancer. DESIGN A qualitative, exploratory study using semistructured interviews based on the patients' lived experience after being diagnosed with breast cancer. Ethics approval was granted. Interviews were audiorecorded and transcribed verbatim. Values in Action Classification of Strengths provided conceptual framework for analysing strengths. Directed content analysis based on the classification of strengths and framework analysis were used to analyse transcribed data. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research guideline was followed. SETTING The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Provincial Cancer Hospital in China. PARTICIPANTS Adult patients over 18 years, diagnosed with breast cancer between October 2019 and December 2020 were recruited. We used purposive sample method to collected data from 24 participants diagnosed with breast cancer. RESULTS Six themes (virtues) emerged from our analysis. In addition, two new subthemes (character strengths) emerged in this study, selflessness and pragmatism, respectively. Patients with breast cancer described a large repertoire of character strengths they used or wished for during survivorship, including gratitude, hope, humility, kindness, humour, honesty and forgiveness. Cultural values (eg, collectivism, familyism, Confucianism and Buddhist beliefs) helped structure the experiences of Chinese patients' character strengths. Patients wanted their character strengths to be more noticed, appreciated and encouraged by others and reported their psychological trajectory of using personal strengths. CONCLUSION The findings indicated that patients with breast cancer believing character strengths are important to them. Medical staff should pay more attention to motivating and cultivating character strengths of patients with breast cancer. Attention to make strength-based practices workable in clinical health promotion programmes is necessary. The healthcare system should develop tailored individualised psychological services that specifically address patients' needs for the application of personalised character strengths. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04219267, Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yan
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Carmen Wing Han Chan
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ka Ming Chow
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Mingzi Li
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, Beijing, China
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McGee JS, McElroy M, Meraz R, Myers DR. A qualitative analysis of virtues and strengths in persons living with early stage dementia informed by the values in action framework. DEMENTIA 2022; 22:46-67. [PMID: 36215111 DOI: 10.1177/14713012221131857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite evidence that individuals' virtues and character strengths can contribute to a sense of fulfillment, the majority of dementia research focuses on losses and decline. To date, virtues and character strengths in persons living with dementia is an understudied phenomena. This study begins to addresses this gap in the literature. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to: (1) examine the expression of virtues and character strengths in persons living with dementia in the early stages; and (2) share implications and recommendations for strengths-based clinical practice and future research. METHODS Qualitative data was utilized to examine virtues and character strengths among persons living with dementia. This data was derived from semi-structured interviews with 25 persons living with dementia age 65 or older (average age of 77.88). The interviews were audio recorded with consent, professionally transcribed, audit checked, and subjected to Interpretive Phenomenological analysis which was informed by the Values in Action (VIA) framework. FINDINGS Each of the virtues and 24 corresponding character strengths from the VIA framework were observed in this sample. The most frequently observed character strengths were love, spirituality, perseverance, and gratitude. IMPLICATIONS Persons with dementia continue to express virtues and character strengths in the context of cognitive and functional changes. Positive strengths-based research and clinical practice should highlight and build upon these individual virtues and character strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn S McGee
- Diane R. Garland School of Social Work, 14643Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Michaela McElroy
- Diane R. Garland School of Social Work, 14643Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca Meraz
- Louise Herrington School of Nursing, 14643Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Dennis R Myers
- Diane R. Garland School of Social Work, 14643Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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Yu Y, Chotipanvithayakul R, Wichaidit W, Cai W. Effects of Character Strength-Based Intervention vs Group Counseling on Post-Traumatic Growth, Well-Being, and Depression Among University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Guangdong, China: A Non-Inferiority Trial. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:1517-1529. [PMID: 35734195 PMCID: PMC9208671 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s359073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study assessed the effects of character strengths-based invention (CSI) vs group counseling (GC) on mental health outcomes (ie, post-traumatic growth, well-being, and depression) among university students in Guangdong Province, China. Materials and Methods We conducted a randomized non-inferiority trial among 124 undergraduates at a medical university during the COVID-19 pandemic. We randomly allocated students to receive either CSI (n=62) or GC (n=62). A qualified psychologist delivered both activities on campus during two consecutive weekends with a total of 7.5 hours and also gave assignments to students during weekdays. We measured the outcomes at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 1-month follow-up. We then analyzed data using descriptive statistics and a general linear mixed model. Results CSI and GC groups had similar baseline characteristics. Both CSI and GC experienced an increase in post-traumatic growth and well-being. The mean±SD scores for post-traumatic growth were significantly higher in CSI compared to GC groups (87.70±14.22 vs 78.15±20.72, respectively), whereas well-being scores were similar between CSI and GC (82.58±16.57 vs 83.68±15.59, respectively). Neither CSI nor GC experienced a reduction in depression scores. Conclusion CSI had non-inferior effects compared to GC with regards to improvement of post-traumatic growth and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, caveats regarding lack of blinding of investigator and limited generalizability should be considered in the interpretation of the study findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Yu
- Department of Psychology/ Research Center for Quality of Life and Applied Psychology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Rassamee Chotipanvithayakul
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand.,Research Center for Child and Youth Development, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Wit Wichaidit
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Psychology/ Research Center for Quality of Life and Applied Psychology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
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Ghazeeri G, Ibrahim N, Khalifeh F, Beyrouthy C, El-Taha L, Bizri M. Character strengths of women with polycystic ovary syndrome in a single center. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266398. [PMID: 35363827 PMCID: PMC8975165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the difference in character strengths (CSs) between patients with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the association between biological (i.e., testosterone levels) and psychological factors (i.e., character strengths). Patients and methods A total of 99 women divided into PCOS (49) and non-PCOS (50) groups who presented to the gynecological clinics at the women’s center in the American University of Beirut Medical Center in 2017 were included. Women were assessed for testosterone bioavailable levels and completed a questionnaire that included Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Values in Action Survey-72. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to examine the association of CSs between the two groups and its predictors. Results The scores of hope, judgement, perspective, and transcendence of the PCOS group were significantly higher in comparison with healthy participants. An increase in free androgen index was negatively correlated to the score of judgement only. Conclusion Women with PCOS have their own profile of character strengths and virtues that constitute judgement, hope, perspective, and transcendence. This in turn can be utilized to reinforce those personality strengths and thus decrease the psychological distress and mood disorders accompanied with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghina Ghazeeri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nour Ibrahim
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fatin Khalifeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Christine Beyrouthy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lina El-Taha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maya Bizri
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
- * E-mail:
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Weziak-Bialowolska D, Bialowolski P, Niemiec RM. Being good, doing good: The role of honesty and integrity for health. Soc Sci Med 2021; 291:114494. [PMID: 34678559 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Psychological traits, such as character strengths, have been already established in experimental studies as factors playing a favorable role for well-being and potentially reducing the risk of depression. Positive associations have been also reported between character strengths and physical fitness, self-reported physical and mental health. Yet, evidence with large scale, epidemiological data on the role of character strength of honesty and integrity (CSHI) in shaping subsequent health outcomes and daily functioning remains unexplored. We examined whether the character strength of honesty and integrity was prospectively associated with six physical health outcomes, two depression outcomes, and two daily functioning outcomes. We used data from the Health and Retirement Study obtained from a sample of 9813 older adults. We found that after a 4-year follow-up period, compared with individuals who scored the lowest in CSHI, participants who scored in the third tertile had a 18% lower risk of lung disease (RR = 0.824; 95% CI = 0.732; 0.927), and a 11% lower risk of depression (RR = 0.891; 95% CI = 0.806; 0.986). They also reported lower limitations in mobility (β = -0.048; 95% CI (-0.089; -0.008)] and less difficulty in instrumental activities of daily living [β = -0.088; 95% CI (-0.128; -0.047)]. These associations were independent of demographics, prior socioeconomic status, psychological factors, health conditions, and health behaviors. Policy makers and practitioners may consider the character strength of honesty and integrity as a factor for promoting healthy longevity, limiting risks of becoming physically inactive and reducing risk of physical and mental disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Weziak-Bialowolska
- Sustainability and Health Initiative (SHINE), Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Human Flourishing Program, Harvard Institute for Quantitative Social Science, 129 Mt Auburn Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Piotr Bialowolski
- Sustainability and Health Initiative (SHINE), Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Human Flourishing Program, Harvard Institute for Quantitative Social Science, 129 Mt Auburn Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA; Department of Economics, Kozminski University, ul. Jagiellonska 57, 03-301, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ryan M Niemiec
- VIA Institute on Character, 312 Walnut St #3600, Cincinnati, OH, 4520, USA
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The Role of Signature Strengths in Treatment Outcome: Initial Results from a Large and Diverse University Sample. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOTHERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10879-021-09523-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Azañedo CM, Artola T, Sastre S, Alvarado JM. Character Strengths Predict Subjective Well-Being, Psychological Well-Being, and Psychopathological Symptoms, Over and Above Functional Social Support. Front Psychol 2021; 12:661278. [PMID: 34621205 PMCID: PMC8490684 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.661278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing value of character strengths in the prediction of well-being and psychopathology, after the effects of functional social support and sociodemographic variables are accounted for, is examined. Participants were 1494 Spanish-speaking students between the ages of 18 and 68 (43.3% men and 56.7% women) who completed measures of character strengths, functional social support, subjective well-being, psychological well-being, and symptoms of psychopathology. Functional social support had predictive value in explaining the variability of each component of well-being and psychopathology. Regarding character strengths, theological strengths had the greatest predictive power for life satisfaction (β = 0.41), positive affect (β = 0.49), affect balance (β = 0.45), purpose in life (β = 0.60), self-acceptance (β = 0.50), environmental mastery (β = 0.47), and positive relations with others (β = 0.25). Emotional strengths made the strongest contribution to the variance explained (β = 0.41) of autonomy, and intellectual strengths were the strongest predictive variable for personal growth (β = 0.39). Strengths of restraint had the greatest predictive power for the global severity index of psychopathology (β = –0.27). Functional social support and character strengths have strong links to mental health. Positive interventions to develop these variables could contribute to enhance well-being and prevent psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa Artola
- Department of Psychology, Villanueva University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Sastre
- Department of Psychology, Villanueva University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Alvarado
- Department of Psychobiology & Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Littman-Ovadia H, Dubreuil P, Meyers MC, Freidlin P. Editorial: VIA Character Strengths: Theory, Research and Practice. Front Psychol 2021; 12:653941. [PMID: 33897563 PMCID: PMC8060440 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.653941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Dubreuil
- Department of Human Resources Management, Université du Québec á Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | | | - Pavel Freidlin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Psychology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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