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Azuri P, Halamish-Leshem R, Bokek-Cohen Y, Tarabeih M. Who do you Prefer to Take Care of you: A Jewish or an Arab Nurse? Nationality and Religion Preferences in Israeli Hospitals. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2024:10.1007/s10943-024-02081-w. [PMID: 38954068 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-024-02081-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Studies show that there are patients who refuse treatment or demand that treatment be provided by a professional belonging to their ethnic group. We investigated whether patients have preferences for nationality and religion of nurses (PFNR), and which factors impact these preferences. The study included 1012 Jews and Arabs. Results show that Arabs and Jews prefer that a nurse of their own nationality and religion treat them. Trust is the most important factor that influences this preference. In the Israeli healthcare system, the patient-nurse encounter is affected by the strong bias that Jews and Arab Muslims hold against each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pazit Azuri
- Faculty of Business Administration, The College of Management Academic Studies, 2 Eli Wiesel St, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Riki Halamish-Leshem
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, The Israel Academic College in Ramat Gan, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ya'arit Bokek-Cohen
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Netanya Academic College, Netanya, Israel.
- School of Psychology Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Mahdi Tarabeih
- School of Nursing, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Johnston S, Fox A, Patterson S, Jones R, Dafny H, Pich J, Duff J. Australian nursing students' experiences of workplace violence during clinical placement: A cross-sectional study. J Adv Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38571292 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
AIM To identify the nature, degree and contributing factors of workplace violence (WPV) incidents experienced by Australian nursing students during clinical placement. DESIGN Descriptive cross-sectional study. METHODS Data were collected from 13 September to 25 November 2022. Eligible participants included all nursing students enrolled in nursing degrees at any Australian university who had completed at least one clinical placement. An adapted version of the WPV in the Health Sector Country Case Study survey was used. RESULTS A total of 381 nursing students across eight states of Australia completed the survey. More than half of the students had experienced an episode of WPV; patients were the most frequent perpetrators. Personal factors of patients, staff and students, organizational factors and cultural norms within the workplace supported acts of WPV. CONCLUSION Student nurses (SNs) most often experience violence from patients during direct care. Patient encounters are the core component of clinical placement. Education providers have a responsibility to effectively prepare students to be able to identify escalating situations and manage potentially violent situations. Registered nurses who supervise students during clinical placement require support to balance their clinical role with student supervision. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION Experiencing WPV can negatively impact relationships between students, healthcare professionals and care recipients. This results in personal distress, decreased job satisfaction and potentially the decision to leave the nursing profession. IMPACT What already is known: SNs are exposed to WPV during clinical placement. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS More than half the SNs in this study experienced violence inclusive of physical, verbal, racial and sexual harassment. Patients were the predominant perpetrators. Implications for practice/policy: Interventions at individual and systemic levels are required to mitigate WPV. REPORTING METHOD This study is reported using the STROBE guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Johnston
- School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amanda Fox
- School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susan Patterson
- School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rikki Jones
- School of Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hila Dafny
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Pich
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jed Duff
- School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Major-Kincade TL. Obstetric Racism, Education, and Racial Concordance. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 2024; 49:74-80. [PMID: 38108513 DOI: 10.1097/nmc.0000000000000982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The United States holds the distinction of being the developed country with the worst perinatal outcomes despite spending the most per capita on health care. Black women are three to four times more likely than White women to experience adverse birth outcomes. These outcomes persist despite access to prenatal care, insurance, and college education. A long overdue racial reckoning has arrived, beginning with acknowledging the fallacy of race-based medicine and the role of enduring systemic racism as foundational to obstetric racism in the reproductive lives of Black women. Centering voices of Black women and honoring their lived experiences are essential to providing respectful maternity care. Naming micro- and macroaggressions experienced by Black women allows for dismantling of systemic barriers which perpetuate inequitable outcomes and enable substandard care. Racial concordance (shared racial identity) is one tool to consider in creating safe health care spaces for Black women. Improving diversity of the nursing workforce specifically, and the health care workforce in general, is necessary to affect racial concordance. Application of skills in cultural humility can mitigate challenges associated with adverse patient encounters for Black women as diversity pipeline strategies are explored. Histories of foundational fallacy, their impact on care and outcomes, and patient-driven indicators for improving pregnancy care experiences for women of color are explored through the lens of a Black physician and the collective reproductive health workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri L Major-Kincade
- Terri L. Major-Kincade is an Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Director, Pediatric Palliative Care Service Memorial Hermann Children's Hospital, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX. Dr. Major-Kincade can be reached at
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Tong M, Hurtado A, Deshpande R, Pietrzak RH, He C, Kaplan C, Kaplan S, Akhtar S, Feder A, Feingold JH, Ripp JA, Peccoralo LA. Psychological Burden of Systemic Racism-Related Distress in New York City Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Gen Intern Med 2024; 39:450-459. [PMID: 37845586 PMCID: PMC10897117 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-023-08422-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the relationship among systemic racism, psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety, and/or post-traumatic stress disorders), and burnout in healthcare workers (HCWs). OBJECTIVE To determine whether distress related to awareness of systemic racism contributes to psychological symptoms and/or burnout in HCWs. We explored whether this form of racism-related distress may moderate the relationship between race, ethnicity, psychological symptoms, and burnout. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey was conducted from November 19, 2020, through January 11, 2021. Statistical analysis was conducted from May 3, 2022, to June 15, 2022. PARTICIPANTS Frontline HCWs at an urban tertiary care hospital in New York City. MAIN MEASURES Distress related to awareness of systemic racism (SR) and racial disparities in COVID-19 outcomes (RD), psychological symptoms, and burnout. KEY RESULTS Two thousand one of 4654 HCWs completed the survey (response rate 43.0%). Most HCWs reported experiencing distress related to awareness of systemic racism (1329 [66.4%]) and to racial disparities in COVID-19 outcomes (1137 [56.8%]). Non-Hispanic Black participants (SR odds ratio (OR) 2.84, p < .001; RD OR 2.34, p < .001), women (SR OR 1.35, p = .01; RD OR 1.67, p < .001), and those with history of mental illness (SR OR 2.13, p < .001; RD OR 1.66, p < .001) were more likely to report SR- and RD-related distress, respectively. HCWs who experienced "quite-a-bit to extreme" SR-related distress were more likely to screen positive for psychological symptoms (OR 5.90, p < .001) and burnout (OR 2.26, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that distress related to awareness of systemic racism, not race/ethnicity, was associated with experiencing psychological symptoms and burnout in HCWs. As the medical community continues to critically examine the role of systemic racism in healthcare, our work is a first step in characterizing its toll on the psychological well-being of HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Tong
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medical Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1087, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Alicia Hurtado
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medical Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1087, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Richa Deshpande
- Center for Biostatistics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Celestine He
- Department of Medical Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1087, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Carly Kaplan
- Department of Medical Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1087, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sabrina Kaplan
- Department of Medical Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1087, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Saadia Akhtar
- Department of Medical Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1087, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adriana Feder
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jordyn H Feingold
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan A Ripp
- Department of Medical Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1087, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren A Peccoralo
- Department of Medical Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1087, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Bokek-Cohen Y. Does racism toward nurses increase as treatment invasiveness rises? Nurs Inq 2023:e12547. [PMID: 36755498 DOI: 10.1111/nin.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the unspoken issues in public discourse in most countries is the racism of patients toward nurses who originate from a different ethnic group than theirs. The aim of the present study is to examine whether patients' racism toward nurses increases as the invasiveness of treatment rises. This study was conducted in Israel, a highly conflictual society where Jews and Arabs live together and meet in the same health facilities. Despite the tension and sometimes animosity caused by the political situation, members of each group regularly encounter members of the other group during the provision of health-care, both as patients and as medical and nursing staff. A study questionnaire which presented nine nursing treatments of diverse levels of invasiveness was filled out by Arab and Jewish participants. They were asked to convey their preference for an Arab or a Jewish nurse for each treatment. Results of Logistic Regression Analyses reveal that in both sectors, racism toward nurses increases as the treatment invasiveness rises. These findings are discussed in light of the concept of social distance, and serve as an empirical basis for several proposed practical recommendations for eradicating racism against nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya'arit Bokek-Cohen
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Israel Academic College of Ramat-Gan, Ramat Gan, Israel.,School of Nursing, The Academic College of Tel-Aviv-Jaffa, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Argyriadis A, Patelarou E, Paoullis P, Patelarou A, Dimitrakopoulos I, Zisi V, Northway R, Gourni M, Asimakopoulou E, Katsarou D, Argyriadi A. Self-Assessment of Health Professionals' Cultural Competence: Knowledge, Skills, and Mental Health Concepts for Optimal Health Care. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191811282. [PMID: 36141554 PMCID: PMC9517303 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Current research often refers to cultural competence to improve health care delivery. In addition, it focuses on the cultural uniqueness of each health service user for optimal personalized care. This study aimed to collect self-assessment data from health professionals regarding their cultural competence and to identify their development needs. A mixed methods design was adopted using the Cultural Competence Self-assessment Checklist of the Central Vancouver Island Multicultural Society. This was translated into Greek, validated, and then shared with health professionals in Cyprus. Subsequently, a semi-structured interview guide was designed and utilized. This was structured in exactly the same question categories as the questionnaire. Data collection took place between October 2021 and May 2022, and convenience sampling was used to recruit 499 health scientists in Cyprus. The sample comprised doctors, nurses, psychologists, midwives, social workers, and physiotherapists. Subsequently, 62 interviews were conducted with participants from the same specialties. The results showed that (compared to other health professionals) nurses and psychologists are more sensitive to issues of cultural competence. It would appear that the more socially oriented sciences had better-prepared healthcare staff to manage diversity in context. However, there is a gap between knowledge and skills when comparing doctors to nurses; they seem to be more skilled and willing to intervene actively in cases of racist behavior or problem-solving. In conclusion, participants identified the importance of their cultural competence; they also realized the importance of optimal planning of personalized health care. There is a significant need for continuous and specialized cultural competence training for all health professions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Argyriadis
- School of Health Sciences, Frederick University, Nicosia 1036, Cyprus
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +357-22394394
| | - Evridiki Patelarou
- School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 714 10 Iraklio, Greece
| | | | - Athina Patelarou
- School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 714 10 Iraklio, Greece
| | | | - Vasiliki Zisi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 382 21 Volos, Greece
| | - Ruth Northway
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd CF37 1DL, UK
| | - Maritsa Gourni
- School of Health Sciences, Frederick University, Nicosia 1036, Cyprus
| | | | - Dimitra Katsarou
- Department of Pre-School Education and Educational Design, University of the Aegean, 811 00 Mitilini, Greece
| | - Agathi Argyriadi
- School of Education and Social Sciences, Frederick University, Limassol 3080, Cyprus
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