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Dertli S, Aydin Yilmaz AS, Gunay U. Care burden, perceived social support, coping attitudes and life satisfaction of mothers with children with cerebral palsy. Child Care Health Dev 2024; 50:e13297. [PMID: 38895968 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study's aim is to determine the relationship between care burden, perceived social support, coping attitudes and life satisfaction of mothers with children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS This descriptive study was conducted in Turkey between March and June 2022 to determine the relationship between caregiving burden, perceived social support, coping attitudes and life satisfaction of 122 mothers with CP children. Path analysis was used to evaluate the data. RESULTS Correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between mothers' social support perceptions and life satisfaction and coping attitudes, a positive relationship between their life satisfaction and coping attitudes (p < .001). The path analysis showed that the social support perceived by the mothers significantly affected their coping attitudes (β = .257; p < .001) and life satisfaction (β = .081; p < .001). Mothers' care burden (β = .169; p < .001) and coping attitudes (β = .071; p < .05) also had a significant effect on their life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS It is an important finding of this study that mothers' perceptions of social support and coping attitudes have a positive effect on their life satisfaction. Long-term care can cause physical and psychological problems for mothers. Mothers' strong coping strategies and high levels of social support may reduce the occurrence of these problems. Drawing attention to this issue in mothers and revealing the effects of these variables is important in terms of indirectly supporting child outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semiha Dertli
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Child Health and Disease Nursing, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | | | - Ulviye Gunay
- Faculty of Nursing, Department of Child Health and Disease Nursing, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Sanderson KA, Burke MM, Hodapp RM. Understanding Natural Supports in Diverse Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Across Life Domains. AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2024; 129:247-262. [PMID: 38917997 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-129.4.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Although natural supports benefit individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), little is known about natural support provided within specific life domains or how race/ethnicity or support from professionals impacts the extent of natural support one receives. In this study, 518 parents of adults with IDD responded to a national survey about natural supports, including who provides support, the number of supporters, and variables that predict natural supports. Family most often provided support, although professionals and family friends were frequent supporters in several domains. Natural support was most extensive in health, least extensive in employment and housing. Individuals with IDD who regularly participated in daytime activities and/or identified as Black had more extensive natural support. Implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meghan M Burke
- Meghan M. Burke and Robert M. Hodapp, Vanderbilt University and Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Robert M Hodapp
- Meghan M. Burke and Robert M. Hodapp, Vanderbilt University and Vanderbilt University Medical Center
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Sanderson KA, Aquino MD. 'It's a 24/7 Deal': Parents of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities discuss natural supports. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2023; 36:1264-1275. [PMID: 37515390 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural supports are widely used by adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. However, little research has been conducted on this topic. This study adds to the literature by examining the role of parents as natural supporters, other members of the natural support network, challenges families face as they secure natural supports, and advice parents have for other families. METHOD Twenty-three parents of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities were interviewed. Data was analyzed using a constant comparative approach. RESULTS Family members and friends were key natural supporters. However, parents provided the bulk of support. A hesitation with asking others for support was a common barrier to building natural support networks. Parents encouraged others to connect with families with similar circumstances. CONCLUSIONS To ensure proper care for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities, we must develop supports that meet family members' needs and identify ways to strengthen natural support networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli A Sanderson
- Department of Advanced Studies in Education and Counseling, California State University, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Michael D Aquino
- Department of Advanced Studies in Education and Counseling, California State University, Long Beach, California, USA
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Schiltz HK, Clarke E, Rosen N, De La Rosa SG, Masjedi N, Christopher K, Lord C. A Longitudinal Mixed-Methods Characterization of Family Support from Adolescence to Young Adulthood in Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities. J Autism Dev Disord 2023:10.1007/s10803-023-06070-y. [PMID: 37668851 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Although caregiving responsibilities and need for support persist and evolve across the life course in families with autistic youth or youth with other developmental disabilities (DDs), little is known about support during their child's adulthood years. Therefore, the present study used a mixed-methods approach to examine change and stability in formal and informal family support across the transition to adulthood. Caregivers of 126 individuals with autism or DDs completed a modified version of the Family Support Scale, including open-ended questions, at five time points from adolescence (age 16) into young adulthood (age 22). Caregivers reported that informal support from family members was the most frequently used, helpful, and valued source of support with relative stability across time. In contrast, the reported helpfulness, use, and value of formal support (e.g., professionals, schools) for caregivers declined over time. Qualitative content analyses revealed characteristics of highly valued support included support type (e.g., instrumental or emotional) and features of the support source (e.g., their understanding). There was a shift to valuing emotional support more than instrumental support over time, especially for caregivers of less able adults. Partnership and dependability emerged as highly valued features of the support source. These findings fit within a social convoy perspective and likely reflect the "service cliff" experienced by autistic individuals or people with DDs and their families. As social networks shrink over time and formal services are less readily available in adulthood, remaining sources of support, particularly from family members, become increasingly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary K Schiltz
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.
| | - Elaine Clarke
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Nicole Rosen
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Sofi Gomez De La Rosa
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Nina Masjedi
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Kourtney Christopher
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Catherine Lord
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
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Abu Khait A, Menger A, Mahmoud KF, Hamaideh SH. A Moderated Mediation Model of Social Support on the Association between Coping Strategies and Psycho-Emotional Distress of Healthcare Professionals Caring for Children with Autism. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2023; 44:879-890. [PMID: 37616590 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2023.2232860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare professionals caring for children with autism spectrum disorder are more likely to be emotionally and psychologically distressed because of the children's challenging behaviors. This study aimed to investigate whether social support mediates the association between coping strategies and perceived emotional and psychological distress among professionals working with children with autism spectrum disorder. Additionally, this study explored the moderating effect of autism severity on this mediation. The study's design is cross-sectional, correlational, and predictive. An online, self-administered questionnaire was used to recruit a convenience sample of 180 healthcare professionals working with children with autism spectrum disorder. The results revealed a significant mediation effect of family social support on the relationship between problem-focused coping and psychological distress for those dealing with moderate or severe autism. Likewise, there was also a significant mediation effect of family social support on the relationship between avoidant coping and psychological distress for those dealing with moderate autism. Familial social support can serve as a protective factor for healthcare professionals caring for children with autism against accumulated psychological distress. The direct effect of avoidant coping strategies on emotional distress changes depending on autism severity. The study's findings are informative to mental health nurses to create more effective coping strategies as problem-solving interventions or develop new coping strategies based on familial social support for those working with children with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Abu Khait
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Austin Menger
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Khadejah F Mahmoud
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Shaher H Hamaideh
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
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Gavron T, Feniger-Schaal R, Peretz A. Relationship Aspects of Mothers and Their Adolescents with Intellectual Disability as Expressed through the Joint Painting Procedure. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9060922. [PMID: 35740859 PMCID: PMC9221804 DOI: 10.3390/children9060922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The quality of the interaction between mothers and their children with an Intellectual Disability (ID) plays a crucial role in their development and in particular during adolescence. This qualitative study was designed to provide a better understanding of aspects of the relationships between mothers and their adolescents with ID through an art-based tool, the Joint Painting Procedure. The qualitative analysis of six dyads of mothers and adolescents with severe, moderate and mild ID was based on the principles of narrative and phenomenological inquiry. The findings yielded three key themes that emerged from the relational dynamics during the JPP: (1) from dependency to autonomy, (2) the joint painting as a way to foster verbal communication, and (3) playfulness and enjoyment. The JPP appeared to serve as a meaningful art-based assessment of the implicit and explicit aspects of the relationships which evolved during the interaction. The findings underscore the potential of the JPP as a non-verbal, art-based tool that allows researchers and clinicians to learn more about the dynamics of relationships between mothers and their adolescents with ID. It also enables a context where the expression of relational issues can be communicated and even transformed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tami Gavron
- Department of Art Therapy, Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities, Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee, Qiryat Shemona 1220800, Israel
- School of Creative Arts Therapies, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (R.F.-S.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rinat Feniger-Schaal
- School of Creative Arts Therapies, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (R.F.-S.); (A.P.)
- Drama & Health Science Lab, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
- Center for the Study of Child Development, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Adi Peretz
- School of Creative Arts Therapies, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (R.F.-S.); (A.P.)
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Jang SJ, Han JS, Bang MH, Ahn JW. Effects of a sociodrama-based communication enhancement program on mothers of children with neurodevelopmental disorders: a pilot study. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci) 2022; 16:114-123. [PMID: 35390540 DOI: 10.1016/j.anr.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The incidence and prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders have rapidly increased, indicating an urgent need for assistance through parenting interventions. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a sociodrama-based communication enhancement program on mothers of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. METHOD A non-randomized controlled experimental study design was employed. The experimental and control groups had 16 and 18 participants, respectively. The once-a-week six-session intervention was conducted from September to November, 2017, in South Korea. The effects of group, time, and group-by-time interactions among the groups were verified using generalized estimating equations with an autoregressive correlation structure. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in the parenting burden, alongside a significant improvement in parent-child communication and parenting competence in the experimental group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION The sociodrama-based communication enhancement program was found to positively influence the parenting burden, communication, and parenting competence of mothers of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. These findings suggest that sociodrama-based programs may be an effective intervention strategy for parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. The sociodrama-based communication enhancement program can be applied to decrease parenting burden and improve parent-child communication and parenting competence. Through continuous parenting interventions, an improvement in expressive language and an increase in the attachment behaviors of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities could be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Joo Jang
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Jong-Sook Han
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Myoung Hee Bang
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Jung-Won Ahn
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
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Weiss JA, Robinson S, Riddell RP, Flora D. Understanding Stability and Change in Perceived Social Support in Parents of Autistic Children and Adolescents. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2021; 2:679974. [PMID: 36188809 PMCID: PMC9397722 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2021.679974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Parents of children with autism often have their own support needs. Informal social support can be an important component of managing parenting-related stressors. We know very little about the factors that lead to higher levels of perceived social support or the potential reciprocal relationship social support has with other factors in parents of children with autism. The current longitudinal study examined the reciprocal relations of perceived social support and parent stress and child behavior problems across a 1-year period, using three time points. There was remarkable stability in variables over time. Baseline perceived social support significantly predicted changes in child behavior and parent stress at the 6-month time point, but neither of those variables significantly predicted social support. This study adds to our understanding of social support and clarifies how perceived social support relates to other factors longitudinally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Weiss
- Developmental Disabilities and Mental Health Laboratory, Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jonathan A. Weiss
| | - Suzanne Robinson
- Developmental Disabilities and Mental Health Laboratory, Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Roncesvalles Psychology Clinic, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rebecca Pillai Riddell
- Opportunities to Understanding Childhood Hurt Laboratory, Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Flora
- Quantitative Methods, Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Marsack-Topolewski CN. Receipt of Social Support among Compound and Noncompound Caregivers of Adults with Autism. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2021; 64:175-189. [PMID: 33048663 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2020.1834045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For parents of adult children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), caregiving can be ongoing, beginning at diagnosis and continuing throughout adulthood. As parental caregivers age, many may be faced with additional caregiving responsibilities, such as caring for another loved one. This study examined differences in formal and informal social support used by caregivers providing care to more than one person with at least one being an adult child with ASD (compound caregivers) and those caring for a single adult child with ASD (noncompound caregivers). A nationwide sample of 320 parents (age 50 or older) of adult children with ASD completed a web-based survey to understand use of formal and informal social support. Fisher's exact probability tests were used to determine significant differences in the extent to which the services were used by the two groups of caregivers. Results indicated that 4 of the 12 formal and 2 of the 6 informal social support services differed significantly between compound and noncompound caregivers. Given that both groups of caregivers were aging, future research should focus on understanding what services are anticipated to be needed as these changes occur and as changes to future care plans are needed, to best support their care-recipients.
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The relationship between sense of entitlement and life satisfaction among parents of children with developmental disabilities: the moderating role of social support. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01436-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Roos E, Søndenaa E. Improving the transition process to independent living for adolescents with profound intellectual disabilities. Experiences of parents and employees. BMC Health Serv Res 2020; 20:1133. [PMID: 33298053 PMCID: PMC7724626 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05976-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The transition process from the family home to independent living for young adults with profound intellectual disability (PID) becomes delayed. Those families face challenges that exceed those of typical families such as higher objective and subjective burden, more frequent psychological distress and lower social support. The aim of this study was to explore the collaboration process between parents and employees and identify factors that improve the transition with less burden. Methods A descriptive qualitative study was undertaken with 18 persons (9 parents and 9 employees) interviewed individually and in groups. In accordance with the municipality’s guidelines, families with a child with PID should apply for housing, when the child turns 16. The purpose is to ensure interdisciplinary collaboration, information flow and coordinated services according to family’s needs. The main question in the interviews was ‘What was your experience with cooperation in the transition process, and what would you do to improve this process?’ The interviews were analysed with a thematic approach using systematic text condensation. Results The parents experienced a lack of general information about the ‘housing waiting list’, level of services, and the plan for time of moving from the family home, and how to choose where and whom to live with. Parents described an unsustainable burden of care during the waiting period, and a family crisis caused the allocation of an apartment in a group house. Employees shared challenges to meet families’ wishes, as there were too few group homes. They experienced good collaboration with families and said they offered respite care, due to reduce parents’ burden of care. Employees experienced that PID adolescents developed skills, mastery and degrees of independence after completing a residency at the Folk High School. Conclusions To improve the transition process from family home to independent living for young adults with PID, the informants highlighted some factors to reduce the burden of care on families: 1) Systematic follow-up program for families to observe their needs at an early stage; 2) More available group houses; 3) Information about the housing priorities of the services and; 4) Educational preparation programs for families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirik Roos
- Department of Health and Welfare, Municipality of Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erik Søndenaa
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (MH), Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway. .,Department of Brøset, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
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Dey NEY, Amponsah B. Sources of perceived social support on resilience amongst parents raising children with special needs in Ghana. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05569. [PMID: 33294701 PMCID: PMC7695950 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While parenting a child with special needs is burdensome, some parents do overcome through protective resources. Social support has been widely linked to this unique ability to overcome the challenges of raising a child with special needs. In spite of this, there is still paucity of research about the influence of the sources of perceived social support on this ability, known as resilience. AIM This study examined three sources of perceived social support-family, friends and significant other-on the resilience of Ghanaian parents raising children with special needs while adjusting for covariates (parental gender, marital status and educational level). METHODS One hundred and seven (107) biological parents were recruited from special schools and parents support groups in Accra, Ghana. They completed paper-and-pencil or online questionnaires on resilience and perceived social support. RESULTS Output from hierarchical multiple regression after adjusting for covariates showed that only support from significant others predicted resilience. Additionally, being married was positively and holding a higher education was inversely associated with resilience. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION These findings indicate the importance of support from significant others in the resiliency of parents but underscore the need to fully integrate and emphasize support from the other sources in resilience enhancing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Amponsah
- Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 84, Legon, Ghana
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East Asian American Parents of Children with Autism: a Scoping Review. REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-020-00221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Shepherd D, Goedeke S, Landon J, Meads J. The Types and Functions of Social Supports Used by Parents Caring for a Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 50:1337-1352. [PMID: 31919701 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04359-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The challenges faced by parents caring for a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can amplify parenting stress, though the impacts of these challenges can be alleviated by social supports. A sample of 674 parent volunteers completed a survey probing the types of social supports currently being used, what function (i.e., tangible, emotional, financial, informational) they judged them to perform, and how each of the utilised supports reduced parenting stress and was considered helpful. Results indicated that informal social supports and social media were perceived as more helpful than formal supports, which were typically perceived in a neutral manner by parents. Overall, the study indicates that addressing the support needs of parents of a child with ASD remains a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Shepherd
- School of Public Health and Psychosocial Studies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Department of Psychology, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Sonja Goedeke
- School of Public Health and Psychosocial Studies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Psychology, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jason Landon
- School of Public Health and Psychosocial Studies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Psychology, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jake Meads
- School of Public Health and Psychosocial Studies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Psychology, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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15
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Marsack-Topolewski CN. A Snapshot of Social Support Networks Among Parental Caregivers of Adults with Autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 50:1111-1122. [PMID: 31848797 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study provided a description of types and dimensions of informal and formal social support among aging parental caregivers of adult children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Parents participated in a web-based survey regarding use of and satisfaction with social support services for parents or their adult children. Results indicated that many parents participated in autism support groups (27.5%), with psychiatric services (48.8%), counseling (40.6%), and financial assistance (39.7%) the most commonly used formal social supports. Emotional support (88.8%) and informational support (67.5%) were the most common informal social supports used. Professionals who are working with parental caregivers and their adult children diagnosed with ASD should be aware of available social support services to help them find needed services.
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Marsack CN, Hopp FP. Informal Support, Health, and Burden Among Parents of Adult Children With Autism. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2020; 59:1112-1121. [PMID: 29982655 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gny082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Many adults with autism spectrum disorders require lifelong reliance on caregiver support. As these caregivers age and experience health challenges, social support can be critical. This study seeks to understand if caregiver health moderates the relationship between informal social support and caregiver burden. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 320 parents (age 50+ years) of adult children diagnosed with ASD were recruited from autism organizations and support groups and completed a web-based survey. Separate moderation analyses were used to determine if caregiver health was moderating the relationship between informal social support and composite caregiver burden, as well as the separate domains of developmental, time dependence, emotional burden, and impact of caregiving on finances. For each analysis, perceptions of available informal social support were the independent variable, composite and domains of caregiver burden were dependent variables, and parents' self-reported general health was the moderating variable. RESULTS Caregiver health had a statistically significant moderating effect when predicting the relationships between informal social support and composite caregiver burden, as well as time dependence burden and impact of caregiving on finances. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Increased attention should be focused on supporting the current and future needs of both aging caregivers and their adult children with ASD. Future research on the dynamics of social support, health, and burden is also urgently needed to address the growing number of aging caregivers of adults diagnosed with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faith P Hopp
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
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Shepherd D, Landon J, Goedeke S, Meads J. The Cold Shoulder or a Shoulder to Cry on? Mechanisms of Formal and Informal Social Support in the ASD Parenting Context. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 50:4331-4343. [PMID: 32266681 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms by which social support exerts its (typically) positive effects on parental wellbeing are still being investigated in the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) context. Parents (n = 674) of a child with ASD responded to questions probing parenting stress, parent psychological health, their child's ASD symptoms, and the types of social supports they were currently utilising. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses examined whether social support moderated or mediated (or neither) the relationships between: (a) parent-rated child ASD symptoms and parenting stress, and (b) parenting stress and parent psychological health. The main findings were that none of the mediating models reached statistical significance, while 7/20 moderation analyses were significant, though significance was dependent upon how social support was operationalised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Shepherd
- Department of Psychology, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Jason Landon
- Department of Psychology, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Sonja Goedeke
- Department of Psychology, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jake Meads
- Department of Psychology, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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Gur A, Hijazi A, Rimmerman A. Caregiving of offspring with intellectual developmental disabilities in Israeli Jewish and Arab households: Financial and psychosocial differences. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2020; 96:103544. [PMID: 31835166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2019.103544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This research responds to the lack of evidence-based knowledge regarding the psychosocial and financial gaps among caregivers of children with intellectual disabilities living in Jewish and Arab households. It examines the financial gaps and explores whether caregivers' social economic status and households' affiliation (Jewish vs. Arab) can explain the psychosocial variables such as levels of stress, social participation types and rates, and use of public services. METHOD One hundred and twenty-five Jewish and Arab caregivers completed an income and expenditure survey, including out-of-pocket expenditures, a services use survey, a questionnaire regarding resources and stress levels, and a social participation scale. RESULTS Arab households are more likely to have a low socioeconomic status (SES) than Jewish ones, characterized by lower per capita income, less spending, fewer out-of-pocket expenditures, and less ability to deal with an unexpected expense. In respect to psychosocial measures, Arab caregivers report lower use of public services than Jewish caregivers and lean more toward contact with relatives and religious participation than do Jewish caregivers. Caregivers' social economic status and households' affiliation do not have any interaction effect on psychosocial variables. CONCLUSIONS Findings are discussed regarding research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Gur
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel.
| | - Ashraf Hijazi
- School of Social Work, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Arie Rimmerman
- School of Social Work, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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MENTAL RETARDASYONU OLAN YETİŞKİNLERİN AİLELERİNDE BAKIM YÜKÜ VE İLİŞKİLİ FAKTÖRLER. ANADOLU KLINIĞI TIP BILIMLERI DERGISI 2017. [DOI: 10.21673/anadoluklin.327742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Tint A, Palucka AM, Bradley E, Weiss JA, Lunsky Y. Correlates of Police Involvement Among Adolescents and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2017; 47:2639-2647. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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21
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Mediating Effects of Social Support on Quality of Life for Parents of Adults with Autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2017; 47:2378-2389. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Tint A, Weiss JA, Lunsky Y. Identifying the clinical needs and patterns of health service use of adolescent girls and women with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2017; 10:1558-1566. [PMID: 28474493 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Girls and women in the general population present with a distinct profile of clinical needs and use more associated health services compared to boys and men; however, research focused on health service use patterns among girls and women with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is limited. In the current study, caregivers of 61 adolescent girls and women with ASD and 223 boys and men with ASD completed an online survey. Descriptive analyses were conducted to better understand the clinical needs and associated service use patterns of girls and women with ASD. Sex/gender comparisons were made of individuals' clinical needs and service use. Adolescent girls and women with ASD had prevalent co-occurring mental and physical conditions and parents reported elevated levels of caregiver strain. Multiple service use was common across age groups, particularly among adolescent girls and women with intellectual disability. Overall, few sex/gender differences emerged, although a significantly greater proportion of girls and women accessed psychiatry and emergency department services as compared to boys and men. Though the current study is limited by its use of parent report and small sample size, it suggests that girls and women with ASD may share many of the same high clinical needs and patterns of services use as boys and men with ASD. Areas for future research are discussed to help ensure appropriate support is provided to this understudied population. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1558-1566. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Tint
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3.,Adult Neurodevelopmental Services, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5V 2B4
| | - Jonathan A Weiss
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3
| | - Yona Lunsky
- Adult Neurodevelopmental Services, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5V 2B4.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8
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Flinchbaugh C, Schwoerer C, May DR. Helping Yourself to Help Others: How Cognitive Change Strategies Improve Employee Reconciliation with Service Clients and Positive Work Outcomes. JOURNAL OF CHANGE MANAGEMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14697017.2016.1231700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carol Flinchbaugh
- Department of Management, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | | | - Douglas R. May
- Department of Management, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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