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Mizutani Y, Yanagisawa S, Ichikawa M, Nishio K, Sakai H, Nonokawa D, Makino Y, Suzuki H, Ichimiya H, Uchida Y, Watanabe J, Kanashiro M, Inden Y, Murohara T. Evaluation of microembolic signals on carotid ultrasound during pulmonary vein isolation with high-power short-duration and cryoballoon ablations: When and where do bubble and solid emboli arise? J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2024; 35:1589-1600. [PMID: 38837477 DOI: 10.1111/jce.16337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The underlying risks of asymptomatic embolization during high-power short-duration (HPSD) ablation for atrial fibrillation remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate microembolic signals (MESs) during HPSD ablation with power settings of 50 and 90 W in comparison with those during cryoballoon (CB) ablation using a novel carotid ultrasound-Doppler system that classifies solid and air bubble signals using real-time monitoring. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty-seven patients underwent HPSD ablation using radiofrequency (RF), and 13 underwent CB ablation. MESs were evaluated using a novel pastable soft ultrasound probe equipped with a carotid ultrasound during pulmonary vein isolation. We compared the detailed MESs and their timing between RF and CB ablations. The number of MESs and solid signals were significantly higher in the RF group than in CB group (209 ± 229 vs. 79 ± 32, p = .047, and 83 ± 89 vs. 28 ± 17, p = .032, respectively). In RF ablation, the number of MESs, solid, and bubble signals per ablation point, or per second, was significantly higher at 90 W than at 50 W ablation. The MESs, solid, and bubble signals were detected more frequently in the bottom and anterior walls of the left pulmonary vein (LPV) ablation. In contrast, many MESs were observed before the first CB application and decreased chronologically as the procedure progressed. Signals were more prevalent during the CB interval rather than during the freezing time. Among the 28 patients, 4 exhibited a high-intensity area on postbrain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The MRI-positive group showed a trend of larger signal sizes than did the MRI-negative group. CONCLUSION The number of MESs was higher in the HPSD RF group than in the CB group, with this risk being more pronounced in the 90 W ablation group. The primary detection site was the anterior wall of the LPV in RF and the first interval in CB ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Mizutani
- Department of Cardiology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yanagisawa
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mizuki Ichikawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nishio
- Department of Cardiology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan
| | - Hiroya Sakai
- Department of Cardiology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan
| | - Daishi Nonokawa
- Department of Cardiology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Makino
- Department of Cardiology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan
| | - Hitomi Suzuki
- Department of Cardiology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ichimiya
- Department of Cardiology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Uchida
- Department of Cardiology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan
| | - Junji Watanabe
- Department of Cardiology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kanashiro
- Department of Cardiology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan
| | - Yasuya Inden
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Mizutani Y, Yanagisawa S, Fujiwara G, Kasai Y, Tajima A, Makino Y, Suzuki H, Hiramatsu T, Ichimiya H, Uchida Y, Watanabe J, Kanashiro M, Inden Y, Murohara T. Evaluation of the direction and extent of ice formation during cryoballoon ablation: an experimental study. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2022; 66:981-989. [PMID: 36336724 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-022-01411-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The distal hemisphere of a balloon is generally cooled during cryoapplication. However, a wide ablation area can be acquired after cryoballoon ablation. This study aimed to evaluate the extent of ice formation on two types of balloon surfaces through experimental and simulation studies. METHODS A standard cryoballoon (SCB; Arctic Front Advance Pro, Medtronic) and novel cryoballoon (NCB; POLARx, Boston Scientific) were frozen for 240 s in 36 °C normal saline solution to observe ice formation on the balloon surface. Pieces of porcine tissue were placed between the upper and lower sides of the balloon, and the balloon was frozen in the horizontal direction for 240 s in 20 attempts (10 for SCB and NCB each). The measured areas of ice formation were evaluated and compared between the upper and lower sides of each balloon. RESULTS Ice formation was greater on the lower side of the balloon than on the upper side. A larger area of ice formation in the tissue slab was observed on the lower side than on the upper side in both balloons, and the ice formation extended to the proximal hemisphere on the lower side of the balloon. The ice formation area in the NCB was significantly larger than that in SCB. CONCLUSIONS Ice formation was significantly greater on the lower side of the cryoballoon than on the upper side and extended to the proximal hemisphere of the balloon, which might facilitate the acquisition of a wide ablation area on the left atrial posterior wall after cryoballoon ablation. Different ice formation after cryoballoon ablation Greater ice formation on the lower side of cryoballoon and an extensive ice formation in the proximal hemisphere, especially in novel cryoballoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Mizutani
- Department of Cardiology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, 2-2-37, Shibata, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan.
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Yanagisawa
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Gen Fujiwara
- Department of Cardiology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, 2-2-37, Shibata, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kasai
- Department of Cardiology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, 2-2-37, Shibata, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan
| | - Atomu Tajima
- Department of Cardiology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, 2-2-37, Shibata, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Makino
- Department of Cardiology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, 2-2-37, Shibata, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan
| | - Hitomi Suzuki
- Department of Cardiology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, 2-2-37, Shibata, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Hiramatsu
- Department of Cardiology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, 2-2-37, Shibata, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ichimiya
- Department of Cardiology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, 2-2-37, Shibata, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Uchida
- Department of Cardiology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, 2-2-37, Shibata, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan
| | - Junji Watanabe
- Department of Cardiology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, 2-2-37, Shibata, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kanashiro
- Department of Cardiology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, 2-2-37, Shibata, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan
| | - Yasuya Inden
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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