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Mulatero P, Scholl UI, Fardella CE, Charmandari E, Januszewicz A, Reincke M, Gomez-Sanchez CE, Stowasser M, Dekkers OM. Familial hyperaldosteronism: an European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions clinical practice guideline. Eur J Endocrinol 2024; 190:G1-G14. [PMID: 38571460 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvae041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
We describe herein the European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions clinical practice guideline on diagnosis and management of familial forms of hyperaldosteronism. The guideline panel consisted of 10 experts in primary aldosteronism, endocrine hypertension, paediatric endocrinology, and cardiology as well as a methodologist. A systematic literature search was conducted, and because of the rarity of the condition, most recommendations were based on expert opinion and small patient series. The guideline includes a brief description of the genetics and molecular pathophysiology associated with each condition, the patients to be screened, and how to screen. Diagnostic and treatment approaches for patients with genetically determined diagnosis are presented. The recommendations apply to patients with genetically proven familial hyperaldosteronism and not to families with more than one case of primary aldosteronism without demonstration of a responsible pathogenic variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Mulatero
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Ute I Scholl
- Center of Functional Genomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlos E Fardella
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Centro Traslacional de Endocrinología Universidad Católica (CETREN-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330033 Santiago, Chile
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Andrzej Januszewicz
- Department of Hypertension, National Institute of Cardiology, 02-628 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Martin Reincke
- Department of Medicine 4, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich D-80336, Germany
| | - Celso E Gomez-Sanchez
- Research Service, G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, 39216 MS, United States
| | - Michael Stowasser
- Endocrine Hypertension Research Centre, University of Queensland Frazer Institute, Greenslopes and Princess Alexandra Hospitals, Brisbane, 4102 Queensland, Australia
| | - Olaf M Dekkers
- Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2311 Leiden, The Netherlands
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Lamba R. Redefining primary hyperaldosteronism as "The Syndrome of Inappropriate Aldosterone Secretion (SIALDS)": A common but unrecognized cause of hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2023; 25:1045-1052. [PMID: 37877173 PMCID: PMC10710549 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The current screening and diagnostic recommendations for detecting Primary Hyperaldosteronism (PHA) focus on diagnosing the more severe and overt instances of renin-independent aldosterone production. However, milder forms of autonomous aldosterone secretion have been demonstrated to exist below the diagnostic thresholds of current PHA guidelines, and associate with clinically relevant cardiovascular risk. PHAencompasses a spectrum of renin independent aldosterone production, progressing from a subclinical state in normotensives to a full-blown clinical syndrome representing the resistant hypertension population. The authors propose the Syndrome of Inappropriately Elevated Aldosterone Secretion (SIALDS) concept as a potential new paradigm for understanding and diagnosing PHA and expanded diagnostic approach to improve early detection even in well-controlled hypertension. The authors also delve into the impact of treatments, including mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and emerging aldosterone synthase inhibitors. Furthermore, The authors outline future research directions, proposing clinical trials to investigate the long-term identification and treatment outcomes of SIALDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Lamba
- Department for Continuing EducationKellogg CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordshireUK
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Rahman S, Iram S, Rehman MT, Hussain A, Jan AT, Kim J. Study of Amiloride Binding to Human Serum Albumin: Insights from Thermodynamic, Spectroscopic, and Molecular Docking Investigations. Molecules 2023; 28:7688. [PMID: 38067419 PMCID: PMC10707572 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the interaction between the sodium channel blocker amiloride (AML) and human serum albumin (HSA). A combination of multi-spectroscopic techniques and computational methods were employed to identify the AML binding site on HSA and the forces responsible for the formation of the HSA-AML complex. Our findings revealed that AML specifically binds to Sudlow's site II, located in subdomain IIIA of HSA, and that the complex formed is stabilized using van der Waals hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions. FRET analysis showed that the distance between AML and Trp214 was optimal for efficient quenching. UV-Vis spectroscopy and circular dichroism indicated minor changes in the structure of HSA after AML binding, and molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) conducted over 100 ns provided additional evidence of stable HSA-AML-complex formation. This study enhances understanding of the interaction between AML and HSA and the mechanism responsible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safikur Rahman
- Munshi Singh College, BR Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur 845401, India;
| | - Sana Iram
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea;
| | - Md Tabish Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.T.R.); (A.H.)
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.T.R.); (A.H.)
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, India;
| | - Jihoe Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea;
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Stavropoulos K, Imprialos KP, Patoulias D, Katsimardou A, Doumas M. Impact of Primary Aldosteronism in Resistant Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022; 24:285-294. [PMID: 35445928 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-022-01190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this narrative review, we aim to summarize the latest data on the association between primary aldosteronism and resistant hypertension, as well as to emphasize the necessity for screening for primary aldosteronism all patients with resistant hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS Epidemiological data suggests that up to one out of five patients with resistant hypertension suffer from primary aldosteronism. Patients with primary aldosteronism have increased incidence of renal disease, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, and obstructive sleep apnea, as well as they are characterized by an extended target organ damage and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Specific treatments for primary hyperaldosteronism (adrenalectomy and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists) have significant impact on blood pressure, can reverse target organ damage, and mitigate cardiovascular risk. All patients with resistant hypertension should be evaluated for primary aldosteronism. Patients diagnosed with the disease may further undergo lateralization with adrenal vein sampling in order to receive the optimal therapeutic option which results in significant improvements in quality of life and cardiovascular profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dimitrios Patoulias
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandra Katsimardou
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Doumas
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Hill MA, Sowers JR. Mineralocorticoid antagonists and ENaC inhibitors in hyperaldosteronism. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2019; 21:929-931. [PMID: 31169977 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Hill
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, VA Medical Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - James R Sowers
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, VA Medical Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
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