1
|
Kozlov G, Franceschi C, Vedunova M. Intricacies of aging and Down syndrome. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 164:105794. [PMID: 38971514 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Down syndrome is the most frequently occurring genetic condition, with a substantial escalation in risk associated with advanced maternal age. The syndrome is characterized by a diverse range of phenotypes, affecting to some extent all levels of organization, and its progeroid nature - early manifestation of aspects of the senile phenotype. Despite extensive investigations, many aspects and mechanisms of the disease remain unexplored. The current review aims to provide an overview of the main causes and manifestations of Down syndrome, while also examining the phenomenon of accelerated aging and exploring potential therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Kozlov
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarin ave., 23, 603022, Russia
| | - C Franceschi
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarin ave., 23, 603022, Russia
| | - M Vedunova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarin ave., 23, 603022, Russia; Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ortega MDC, Bullard JP, Del Mar Unceta M, Sánchez-Pedreño FO, Molero P, de Asúa DR. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy secondary to electroconvulsive therapy in a young adult with Down syndrome regression disorder. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2024; 196:e32078. [PMID: 38041246 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.32078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the case of an 18-year-old woman with Down syndrome (DS) who developed Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TSC) immediately after the administration of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), a treatment prescribed for Down syndrome regression disorder resistant to oral psychotropic drugs. TSC is a nonischemic cardiomyopathy related to psychological or physical stress, which has been described as a rare complication of ECT (Kinoshita et al., 2023, Journal of Electroconvulsive Therapy, 39, 185-192). The clinical description of the case is accompanied by a discussion of the peculiarities of the autonomic nervous system in DS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Del Carmen Ortega
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Pablo Bullard
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Unceta
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Ortuño Sánchez-Pedreño
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Health Research Institute, Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricio Molero
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Health Research Institute, Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Diego Real de Asúa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Adult Down Syndrome Outpatient Clinic, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fleming V, Piro-Gambetti B, Handen B, Christian BT, Cohen A, Tudorascu D, Plante DT, Okonkwo O, Hartley SL. Physical Activity and Physical and Mental Health in Middle-Aged Adults with Down Syndrome. JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2022; 19:408-418. [PMID: 36570324 PMCID: PMC9788305 DOI: 10.1111/jppi.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Adults with Down syndrome have an increased risk of aging-related physical and mental health conditions and experience them at an earlier age than the general population. There is a need to investigate modifiable lifestyle factors that may reduce risk for these conditions. Method The present study investigated the associations between physical activity (i.e., sedentary behavior and moderate-to-vigorous activity) assessed via accelerometer across 7 days and caregiver-reported physical and mental health of 66 non-demented middle-aged adults with Down Syndrome aged 25-55 years (52% female). Results Regression analyses indicated that more time spent in moderate intensity physical activity was associated with less risk of sleep apnea (b = -.031 p = .004) and endocrine/metabolic conditions (b = -.046 p = .009), and lower total number of physical health conditions (b = -.110 p =.016) and anxiety disorders (b = -.021 p =.049) after controlling for relevant sociodemographics. After also adjusting for BMI, the association between time spent in moderate intensity physical activity and sleep apnea (b=-.035, p = .002), endocrine/metabolic conditions (b=-.033, p = .045) and total physical health (b=-.091, p =.026) remained significant Unexpectedly, time spent in sedentary behavior was negatively associated with musculoskeletal conditions (b=-.017, p = .044). Conclusion Findings indicate important associations between physical activity in everyday life and the physical and mental health of adults with Down syndrome. Social policies and interventions aimed at reducing time spent sitting around (i.e., sedentary behavior) and encouraging moderate-to-vigorous activity may be a low-burden and low-cost mechanism for fostering healthy physical and mental aging in the Down syndrome population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Fleming
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- School of Human Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Brianna Piro-Gambetti
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- School of Human Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Benjamin Handen
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Bradley T Christian
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Annie Cohen
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Dana Tudorascu
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - David T Plante
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Psychiatry, 6001 Research Park Blvd, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Ozioma Okonkwo
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Medicine, 1685 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Sigan L Hartley
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- School of Human Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hayes G, Pinto J, Sparks SN, Wang C, Suri S, Bulte DP. Vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction in neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1010164. [PMID: 36440263 PMCID: PMC9684644 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the key moderators of cerebrovascular dynamics in response to the brain's oxygen and nutrient demands. Crucially, VSMCs may provide a sensitive biomarker for neurodegenerative pathologies where vasculature is compromised. An increasing body of research suggests that VSMCs have remarkable plasticity and their pathophysiology may play a key role in the complex process of neurodegeneration. Furthermore, extrinsic risk factors, including environmental conditions and traumatic events can impact vascular function through changes in VSMC morphology. VSMC dysfunction can be characterised at the molecular level both preclinically, and clinically ex vivo. However the identification of VSMC dysfunction in living individuals is important to understand changes in vascular function at the onset and progression of neurological disorders such as dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. A promising technique to identify changes in the state of cerebral smooth muscle is cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) which reflects the intrinsic dynamic response of blood vessels in the brain to vasoactive stimuli in order to modulate regional cerebral blood flow (CBF). In this work, we review the role of VSMCs in the most common neurodegenerative disorders and identify physiological systems that may contribute to VSMC dysfunction. The evidence collected here identifies VSMC dysfunction as a strong candidate for novel therapeutics to combat the development and progression of neurodegeneration, and highlights the need for more research on the role of VSMCs and cerebrovascular dynamics in healthy and diseased states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Hayes
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joana Pinto
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sierra N. Sparks
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Congxiyu Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sana Suri
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel P. Bulte
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Melo X, Marôco JL, Pinto R, Angarten VG, Coimbra M, Correia D, Roque M, Reis JF, Santos V, Fernhall B, Santa-Clara H. The Acute Effect of Maximal Exercise on Arterial Stiffness in Adults with and without Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022; 47:1005-1013. [PMID: 35820183 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2022-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We compared central and peripheral arterial stiffness response patterns between persons with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) of different age groups at rest and following a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). METHODS 15 young adults with and without IDD, and 15 middle-aged adults without IDD performed a CPET. Central and peripheral arterial stiffness were measured at rest and following CPET using estimates of carotid-femoral (cfPWV), carotid-radial (crPWV), and carotid-ankle (cdPWV) pulse wave velocity derived from piezoelectric mechano-transducers. RESULTS cfPWV remained unchanged following CPET in adults with and without IDD but increased in middle-aged adults (d= 0.85; 95% CI: 0.27 to 1.42 m.s-1, p= 0.005), whereas cdPWV was similarly reduced (d= -0.77; 95% CI: -1.06 to -0.48 m.s-1, p< 0.001) in all groups. crPWV remained unchanged in all groups. These results were independent of exercise-related changes in mean arterial pressure. Overall group differences suggested that persons with IDD (d = - 1.78; 95% CI: -3.20 to -0.37 m.s-1, p= 0.009) and without IDD (d = -1.84; 95% CI: -3.26 to -0.43 m.s-1, p= 0.007) had lower cfPWV than middle-aged adults. CONCLUSION We found no evidence of early vascular aging and diminished vascular reserve following CPET in adults with IDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Melo
- Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, 70882, CIPER - Exercise and Health Laboratory, Cruz Quebrada, Lisboa, Portugal.,Ginásio Clube Português, Research & Development Department, GCP Lab, Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - João L Marôco
- Ginásio Clube Português, Research & Development Department, GCP Lab, Lisboa, Portugal.,University of Illinois Chicago College of Applied Health Sciences, 315410, Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Chicago, Illinois, United States;
| | - Rita Pinto
- Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Medicina, 37811, Exercise and Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Laboratory, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Vitor Giatte Angarten
- Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, 70882, Cruz Quebrada, Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Manuel Coimbra
- CERCIOEIRAS - Cooperativa de Educação e Reabilitação dos Cidadãos com Incapacidade, Oeiras, Portugal;
| | - Duarte Correia
- CERCIOEIRAS - Cooperativa de Educação e Reabilitação dos Cidadãos com Incapacidade, Oeiras, Portugal;
| | - Mafalda Roque
- CERCIOEIRAS - Cooperativa de Educação e Reabilitação dos Cidadãos com Incapacidade, Oeiras, Portugal;
| | - Joana Filipa Reis
- Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, 70882, Physiology and Biochemistry of Exercise, Cruz Quebrada, Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Vanessa Santos
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana - Universidade de Lisboa, Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana , Exercise and Health, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal;
| | - Bo Fernhall
- University of Illinois Chicago College of Applied Health Sciences, 315410, Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Chicago, Illinois, United States;
| | - Helena Santa-Clara
- Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, 70882, CIPER - Exercise and Health Laboratory, Cruz Quebrada, Lisboa, Portugal;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lao M, Zhang X, Yang H, Bai X, Liang T. RCAN1-mediated calcineurin inhibition as a target for cancer therapy. Mol Med 2022; 28:69. [PMID: 35717152 PMCID: PMC9206313 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00492-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1), as a patent endogenous inhibitor of calcineurin, plays crucial roles in the pathogenesis of cancers. Except for hypopharyngeal and laryngopharynx cancer, high expression of RCAN1 inhibits tumor progression. Molecular antitumor functions of RCAN1 are largely dependent on calcineurin. In this review, we highlight current research on RCAN1 characteristics, and the interaction between RCAN1 and calcineurin. Moreover, the dysregulation of RCAN1 in various cancers is reviewed, and the potential of targeting RCAN1 as a new therapeutic approach is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Lao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanshen Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueli Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The Association between Physical Activity and CAMDEX-DS Changes Prior to the Onset of Alzheimer's Disease in Down Syndrome. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10091882. [PMID: 33925348 PMCID: PMC8123639 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with Down syndrome are at ultra-high risk of developing Alzheimer's dementia. At present, there are no preventative or curative treatments. Evidence from sporadic Alzheimer's disease literature suggests that lifestyle factors including physical activity may help maintain cognitive and functional skills and reduce dementia risk. Our study aimed to explore the association between regular exercise undertaken by participants with Down syndrome and changes in dementia-related domains of cognition and function. This was to consider whether physical activity may be a protective measure to delay cognitive decline and dementia in Down syndrome. METHODS Demographic, lifestyle, and health information was collected at baseline and at a two year follow up from 214 adults with Down syndrome without dementia, who also underwent assessment using the Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of Older People with Down Syndrome and Others with Intellectual Disabilities (CAMDEX-DS) and genetic analysis. Logistic regression models were used to examine the potential associations between decline in CAMDEX-DS domains and exercise whilst controlling for key variables. RESULTS At baseline, engaging in moderate intensity exercise was associated with a 47% reduced risk of everyday skills decline and engaging in high intensity exercise was associated with a 62% reduced risk of decline in personality and behaviour. At follow-up, high levels of exercise were associated with an 87% reduced risk of decline in personality and behaviour. Moderate intensity exercise at baseline was associated with a 62% reduction in risk of decline during the follow-up period in memory and orientation. DISCUSSION Based on our data it appears that regular moderate and high intensity exercise could reduce the risk of clinically detectable decline in a Down syndrome population with possible long-term benefits. People with Down syndrome may engage in less physical activity than their peers, and barriers remain which can prevent people with Down syndrome engaging in exercise. Our work highlights how important it is that people with Down syndrome are supported to be physically active, and to promote exercise as part of a healthy ageing plan. Clinical trials in this area would be justified to determine if engaging in exercise can lead to realistic improvements in maintaining functioning and delaying dementia onset in Down syndrome and to help develop guidance in this area.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang S, Wang Y, Qiu K, Zhu J, Wu Y. RCAN1 in cardiovascular diseases: molecular mechanisms and a potential therapeutic target. Mol Med 2020; 26:118. [PMID: 33267791 PMCID: PMC7709393 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00249-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Considerable efforts are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms for the prevention and treatment of CVDs. Regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) is involved in both development/maintenance of the cardiovascular system and the pathogenesis of CVDs. RCAN1 reduction protects against atherosclerosis by reducing the uptake of oxidized low-density lipoproteins, whereas RCAN1 has a protective effect on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial hypertrophy and intramural hematoma/aortic rupture mainly mediated by maintaining mitochondrial function and inhibiting calcineurin and Rho kinase activity, respectively. In this review, the regulation and the function of RCAN1 are summarized. Moreover, the dysregulation of RCAN1 in CVDs is reviewed. In addition, the beneficial role of RCAN1 reduction in atherosclerosis and the protective role of RCAN1 in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial hypertrophy and intramural hematoma /aortic rupture are discussed, as well as underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential and challenges of targeting RCAN1 for CVDs treatment are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road No. 45, Rencheng District, Jining, 272013, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road No. 45, Rencheng District, Jining, 272013, Shandong, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road No. 45, Rencheng District, Jining, 272013, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road No. 45, Rencheng District, Jining, 272013, Shandong, China.,Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Wenhua West Road No. 44, Lixia District, JinanShandong, 250012, China
| | - Kaixin Qiu
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road No. 45, Rencheng District, Jining, 272013, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road No. 45, Rencheng District, Jining, 272013, Shandong, China.,Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Wenhua West Road No. 44, Lixia District, JinanShandong, 250012, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road No. 45, Rencheng District, Jining, 272013, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road No. 45, Rencheng District, Jining, 272013, Shandong, China
| | - Yili Wu
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road No. 45, Rencheng District, Jining, 272013, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road No. 45, Rencheng District, Jining, 272013, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|