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Hu X, Liu X, Khatri U, Wu J. The heterogeneous transition state of resistance to RET kinase inhibitors converges on ERK1/2-driven Aurora A/B kinases. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 68:100958. [PMID: 36990046 PMCID: PMC10149623 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.100958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM While most patients with RET-altered cancer responded to the RET protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) pralsetinib (BLU667) and selpercatinib (LOXO292), few achieved a complete response. Heterogeneity in residual tumors makes it difficult to target their diverse genetic alterations individually. The aim of this study is to characterize the cancer cells that persist under continuous RET TKI treatment and identify the shared vulnerability of these cells. METHODS We analyzed residual RET-altered cancer cells under prolonged RET TKI treatment by whole exome sequencing (WES), RNA-seq analysis, and drug-sensitivity screening. These were followed by tumor xenograft experiments of mono- and combinational drug treatments. RESULTS BLU667- and LOXO292-tolerated persisters were cellularly heterogeneous, contained slowly proliferating cells, regained low levels of active ERK1/2, and displayed plasticity in growth rate, which we designated as in the transition state of resistance (TSR). TSR cells were genetically heterogeneous. Aurora A/B kinases were among the most significantly upregulated genes and that the MAPK pathway activity had significantly higher transcript footprints. MEK1/2 and Aurora kinase inhibitors were the most effective drugs when combined with a RET kinase inhibitor. In a TSR tumor model, combination of BLU667 with an Aurora kinase or a MEK1/2 kinase inhibitor caused TSR tumor regression. CONCLUSION Our experiments reveal that the heterogeneous TSR cancer cells under continuous RET TKI treatment converge on the targetable ERK1/2-driven Aurora A/B kinases. The discovery of the targetable convergent point in the genetically heterogeneous TSR points to an effective combination therapy approach to eliminate the residual tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Hu
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Xuan Liu
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Ujjwol Khatri
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jie Wu
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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2
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Liosi ME, Ippolito JA, Henry SP, Krimmer SG, Newton AS, Cutrona KJ, Olivarez RA, Mohanty J, Schlessinger J, Jorgensen WL. Insights on JAK2 Modulation by Potent, Selective, and Cell-Permeable Pseudokinase-Domain Ligands. J Med Chem 2022; 65:8380-8400. [PMID: 35653642 PMCID: PMC9939005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
JAK2 is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates hematopoiesis through the JAK-STAT pathway. The pseudokinase domain (JH2) is an important regulator of the activity of the kinase domain (JH1). V617F mutation in JH2 has been associated with the pathogenesis of various myeloproliferative neoplasms, but JAK2 JH2 has been poorly explored as a pharmacological target. In light of this, we aimed to develop JAK2 JH2 binders that could selectively target JH2 over JH1 and test their capacity to modulate JAK2 activity in cells. Toward this goal, we optimized a diaminotriazole lead compound into potent, selective, and cell-permeable JH2 binders leveraging computational design, synthesis, binding affinity measurements for the JH1, JH2 WT, and JH2 V617F domains, permeability measurements, crystallography, and cell assays. Optimized diaminotriazoles are capable of inhibiting STAT5 phosphorylation in both WT and V617F JAK2 in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Elena Liosi
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA
| | | | - Sean P. Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA
| | - Stefan G. Krimmer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8066, USA
| | - Ana S. Newton
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA
| | - Kara J. Cutrona
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA
| | - Rene A. Olivarez
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA
| | - Jyotidarsini Mohanty
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8066, USA
| | - Joseph Schlessinger
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8066, USA
| | - William L. Jorgensen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA,Corresponding author. William L. Jorgensen.
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3
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Reversine exhibits antineoplastic activity in JAK2 V617F-positive myeloproliferative neoplasms. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9895. [PMID: 31289316 PMCID: PMC6616334 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
JAK2/STAT signaling participates in the Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) pathophysiology and has been targeted by ruxolitinib, a JAK1/2 inhibitor. In the present study, the impact of ruxolitinib treatment on cytoskeleton-related genes expression was explored. In SET2 cells, AURKA and AURKB expression/activity were downregulated in a dose- and time-dependent manner by ruxolitinib. Reversine, a multikinase inhibitor selective for aurora kinases, reduced cell viability in a dose- and/or time-dependent manner in JAK2V617F cells. Reversine significantly increased apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe, and reduced cell proliferation and clonogenic capacity in SET2 and HEL cells. In the molecular scenario, reversine induced DNA damage and apoptosis markers, as well as, reduced AURKA and AURKB expression/activity. In SET2 cells, reversine modulated the expression of 32 out of 84 apoptosis-related genes investigated, including downregulation of antiapoptotic (BCL2, BCL2L1, and BIRC5) and upregulation of proapoptotic (BIK, BINP3, and BNIP3L) genes. Synergism experiments indicated that low dose of reversine had a potentiating effect under ruxolitinib treatment at low doses in SET2 cells. In summary, our exploratory study establishes new targets, related to the regulation of the cellular cytoskeleton, for potential pharmacological intervention in MPN. These findings indicate that AURKA and AURKB participate in the JAK2/STAT signaling pathway and contribute to the MPN phenotype.
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4
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Margue C, Philippidou D, Kozar I, Cesi G, Felten P, Kulms D, Letellier E, Haan C, Kreis S. Kinase inhibitor library screening identifies synergistic drug combinations effective in sensitive and resistant melanoma cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:56. [PMID: 30728057 PMCID: PMC6364417 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Melanoma is the most aggressive and deadly form of skin cancer with increasing case numbers worldwide. The development of inhibitors targeting mutated BRAF (found in around 60% of melanoma patients) has markedly improved overall survival of patients with late-stage tumors, even more so when combined with MEK inhibitors targeting the same signaling pathway. However, invariably patients become resistant to this targeted therapy resulting in rapid progression with treatment-refractory disease. The purpose of this study was the identification of new kinase inhibitors that do not lead to the development of resistance in combination with BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi), or that could be of clinical benefit as a 2nd line treatment for late-stage melanoma patients that have already developed resistance. Methods We have screened a 274-compound kinase inhibitor library in 3 BRAF mutant melanoma cell lines (each one sensitive or made resistant to 2 distinct BRAFi). The screening results were validated by dose-response studies and confirmed the killing efficacies of many kinase inhibitors. Two different tools were applied to investigate and quantify potential synergistic effects of drug combinations: the Chou-Talalay method and the Synergyfinder application. In order to exclude that resistance to the new treatments might occur at later time points, synergistic combinations were administered to fluorescently labelled parental and resistant cells over a period of > 10 weeks. Results Eight inhibitors targeting Wee1, Checkpoint kinase 1/2, Aurora kinase, MEK, Polo-like kinase, PI3K and Focal adhesion kinase killed melanoma cells synergistically when combined with a BRAFi. Additionally, combination of a Wee1 and Chk inhibitor showed synergistic killing effects not only on sensitive cell lines, but also on intrinsically BRAFi- and treatment induced-resistant melanoma cells. First in vivo studies confirmed these observations. Interestingly, continuous treatment with several of these drugs, alone or in combination, did not lead to emergence of resistance. Conclusions Here, we have identified new, previously unexplored (in the framework of BRAFi resistance) inhibitors that have an effect not only on sensitive but also on BRAFi-resistant cells. These promising combinations together with the new immunotherapies could be an important step towards improved 1st and 2nd line treatments for late-stage melanoma patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1038-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Margue
- Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 6, av. du Swing, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Demetra Philippidou
- Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 6, av. du Swing, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Ines Kozar
- Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 6, av. du Swing, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Giulia Cesi
- Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 6, av. du Swing, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Paul Felten
- Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 6, av. du Swing, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Dagmar Kulms
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Letellier
- Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 6, av. du Swing, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Claude Haan
- Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 6, av. du Swing, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Stephanie Kreis
- Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 6, av. du Swing, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
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5
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Bongartz H, Hessenkemper W, Müller C, Fensky M, Fritsch J, Mandel K, Behrmann I, Haan C, Fischer T, Feller SM, Schaper F. The multi-site docking protein Gab1 is constitutively phosphorylated independent from its recruitment to the plasma membrane in Jak2-V617F-positive cells and mediates proliferation of human erythroleukaemia cells. Cell Signal 2017; 35:37-47. [PMID: 28365441 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The constitutively active Janus kinase 2 mutant Jak2-V617F is responsible for cytokine-independent growth of hematopoietic cells and the development of myeloproliferative neoplasms, such as polycythaemia vera and essential thrombocythaemia. Cells expressing Jak2-V617F exhibit constitutive STAT, MAPK, and PI3K signalling, and constitutive association of the multi-site docking protein Gab1 to PIP3 at the plasma membrane. Here, we demonstrate the crucial role of Gab1 for the proliferation of Jak2-V617F-positive human erythroleukaemia (HEL) cells. In Jak2-V617F-expressing cells Gab1 is constitutively phosphorylated by Erk1/2 on serine residue 552, which regulates binding to PIP3. Additionally, Gab1 is constitutively phosphorylated on tyrosine residue 627. Tyrosine 627 is a SHP2 binding site and required for Gab1-dependent Erk1/2 activation. As previously shown, Jak2-V617F-dependent Erk1/2 and PI3K activation act synergistically on the proliferation of Jak2-V617F-positive cells. Here, we examined whether constitutive membrane association of Gab1 explains cytokine-independent Gab1 phosphorylation in Jak2-V617F-expressing cells. Although we could demonstrate Jak2-V617F-dependent constitutive serine 552 and tyrosine 627 phosphorylation of Gab1, interestingly, both phosphorylations do not require binding of Gab1 to PIP3 at the plasma membrane. Instead, we observed a constitutive interaction of Gab1 with the erythropoietin receptor in Jak2-V617F-expressing cells, which depends on Janus kinase activity. Thus, constitutive Gab1-dependent signalling in Jak2-V617F-expressing cells does not occur due to the constitutive association of Gab1 with PIP3 at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Bongartz
- Institute of Biology, Department of Systems Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Wiebke Hessenkemper
- Institute of Biology, Department of Systems Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Müller
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Melissa Fensky
- Institute of Biology, Department of Systems Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Johannes Fritsch
- Institute of Biology, Department of Systems Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Katharina Mandel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, ZAMED, Heinrich-Damerow-Straße 1, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Iris Behrmann
- University of Luxembourg, Signal Transduction Laboratory, Life Sciences Research Unit, 6, avenue du Swing, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg.
| | - Claude Haan
- University of Luxembourg, Signal Transduction Laboratory, Life Sciences Research Unit, 6, avenue du Swing, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg.
| | - Thomas Fischer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Stephan M Feller
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, ZAMED, Heinrich-Damerow-Straße 1, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Fred Schaper
- Institute of Biology, Department of Systems Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
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6
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Differences in gene expression and alterations in cell cycle of acute myeloid leukemia cell lines after treatment with JAK inhibitors. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 765:188-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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7
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Haan S, Bahlawane C, Wang J, Nazarov PV, Muller A, Eulenfeld R, Haan C, Rolvering C, Vallar L, Satagopam VP, Sauter T, Wiesinger MY. The oncogenic FIP1L1-PDGFRα fusion protein displays skewed signaling properties compared to its wild-type PDGFRα counterpart. JAKSTAT 2015; 4:e1062596. [PMID: 26413425 PMCID: PMC4583054 DOI: 10.1080/21623996.2015.1062596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of oncogenic kinases is frequently observed in human cancers, but the underlying mechanism and resulting effects on global signaling are incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that the oncogenic FIP1L1-PDGFRα kinase exhibits a significantly different signaling pattern compared to its PDGFRα wild type counterpart. Interestingly, the activation of primarily membrane-based signal transduction processes (such as PI3-kinase- and MAP-kinase- pathways) is remarkably shifted toward a prominent activation of STAT factors. This diverging signaling pattern compared to classical PDGF-receptor signaling is partially coupled to the aberrant cytoplasmic localization of the oncogene, since membrane targeting of FIP1L1-PDGFRα restores activation of MAPK- and PI3K-pathways. In stark contrast to the classical cytokine-induced STAT activation process, STAT activation by FIP1L1-PDGFRα does neither require Janus kinase activity nor Src kinase activity. Furthermore, we investigated the mechanism of STAT5 activation via FIP1L1-PDGFRα in more detail and found that STAT5 activation does not involve an SH2-domain-mediated binding mechanism. We thus demonstrate that STAT5 activation occurs via a non-canonical activation mechanism in which STAT5 may be subject to a direct phosphorylation by FIP1L1-PDGFRα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Haan
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group; Life Sciences Research Unit; University of Luxembourg; Luxembourg , Luxembourg
| | - Christelle Bahlawane
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group; Life Sciences Research Unit; University of Luxembourg; Luxembourg , Luxembourg
| | - Jiali Wang
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group; Life Sciences Research Unit; University of Luxembourg; Luxembourg , Luxembourg
| | - Petr V Nazarov
- Genomics Research Unit; Luxembourg Institute of Health; Luxembourg , Luxembourg
| | - Arnaud Muller
- Genomics Research Unit; Luxembourg Institute of Health; Luxembourg , Luxembourg
| | - René Eulenfeld
- Signal Transduction Group; Life Sciences Research Unit; University of Luxembourg; Luxembourg , Luxembourg
| | - Claude Haan
- Signal Transduction Group; Life Sciences Research Unit; University of Luxembourg; Luxembourg , Luxembourg
| | - Catherine Rolvering
- Signal Transduction Group; Life Sciences Research Unit; University of Luxembourg; Luxembourg , Luxembourg
| | - Laurent Vallar
- Genomics Research Unit; Luxembourg Institute of Health; Luxembourg , Luxembourg
| | - Venkata P Satagopam
- Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine; University of Luxembourg ; Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Thomas Sauter
- Systems Biology Group; Life Sciences Research Unit; University of Luxembourg; Luxembourg , Luxembourg
| | - Monique Yvonne Wiesinger
- Systems Biology Group; Life Sciences Research Unit; University of Luxembourg; Luxembourg , Luxembourg
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8
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Abstract
In the last decade, genomic studies have identified multiple recurrent somatic mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Beginning with the discovery of the JAK2 V617F mutation, multiple additional mutations have been found that constitutively activate cell-signaling pathways, including MPL, CBL, and LNK. Furthermore, several classes of epigenetic modifiers have also been identified, in patients with MPN, revealing a requirement for mutations in other pathways to cooperate with JAK-STAT pathway mutations in MPN pathogenesis. Mutations in the de novo DNA methylation protein, DNMT3A, demethylation machinery, TET2 and related IDH1/2 production of oncometabolite 2-hydroxygluterate, and polycomb complex proteins EZH2 and ASXL1 have opened new pathophysiologic clues into these diseases. The prognostic relevance of these novel disease alleles remains an important area of investigation, and clinical trials are currently underway to determine if these findings represent tractable therapeutic targets, either alone, or in combination with JAK2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Viny
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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9
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JAK2V617F drives Mcl-1 expression and sensitizes hematologic cell lines to dual inhibition of JAK2 and Bcl-xL. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0114363. [PMID: 25781882 PMCID: PMC4362760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Constitutive activation of the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) axis is fundamental to the molecular pathogenesis of a host of hematological disorders, including acute leukemias and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). We demonstrate here that the major JAK2 mutation observed in these diseases (JAK2V617F) enforces Mcl-1 transcription via STAT3 signaling. Targeting this lesion with JAK inhibitor I (JAKi-I) attenuates STAT3 binding to the Mcl-1 promoter and suppresses Mcl-1 transcript and protein expression. The neutralization of Mcl-1 in JAK2V617F-harboring myelodyssplastic syndrome cell lines sensitizes them to apoptosis induced by the BH3-mimetic and Bcl-xL/Bcl-2 inhibitor, ABT-263. Moreover, simultaneously targeting JAK and Bcl-xL/-2 is synergistic in the presence of the JAK2V617F mutation. These findings suggest that JAK/Bcl-xL/-2 inhibitor combination therapy may have applicability in a range of hematological disorders characterized by activating JAK2 mutations.
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10
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Yang H, Lawrence HR, Kazi A, Gevariya H, Patel R, Luo Y, Rix U, Schonbrunn E, Lawrence NJ, Sebti SM. Dual Aurora A and JAK2 kinase blockade effectively suppresses malignant transformation. Oncotarget 2015; 5:2947-61. [PMID: 24930769 PMCID: PMC4102782 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aurora A and JAK2 kinases are involved in cell division and tumor cell survival, respectively. Here we demonstrate that ectopic expression of Aurora A and JAK2 together is more effective than each alone at inducing non-transformed cells to grow in an anchorage-independent manner and to invade. Furthermore, siRNA silencing or pharmacological inhibition of Aurora A and JAK2 with Alisertib and Ruxolitinib, respectively, is more effective than blocking each kinase alone at suppressing anchorage-dependent and –independent growth and invasion as well as at inducing apoptosis. Importantly, we have developed dual Aurora and JAK inhibitors, AJI-214 and AJI-100, which potently inhibit Aurora A, Aurora B and JAK2 in vitro. In human cancer cells, these dual inhibitors block the auto-phosphorylation of Aurora A (Thr-288) and the phosphorylation of the Aurora B substrate histone H3 (Ser-10) and the JAK2 substrate STAT3 (Tyr-705). Furthermore, AJI-214 and AJI-100 inhibit anchorage dependent and independent cell growth and invasion and induce G2/M cell cycle accumulation and apoptosis. Finally, AJI-100 caused regression of human tumor xenografts in mice. Taken together, our genetic and pharmacological studies indicate that targeting Aurora A and JAK2 together is a more effective approach than each kinase alone at inhibiting malignant transformation and warrant further advanced pre clinical investigations of dual Aurora A/JAK2 inhibitors as potential anti tumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Drug Discovery Department, Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Chemical Biology Core Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute
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11
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Vella LJ, Andrews MC, Behren A, Cebon J, Woods K. Immune consequences of kinase inhibitors in development, undergoing clinical trials and in current use in melanoma treatment. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:1107-23. [PMID: 24939732 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.929943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic malignant melanoma is a frequently fatal cancer. In recent years substantial therapeutic progress has occurred with the development of targeted kinase inhibitors and immunotherapeutics. Targeted therapies often result in rapid clinical benefit however responses are seldom durable. Immune therapies can result in durable disease control but responses may not be immediate. Optimal cancer therapy requires both rapid and durable cancer control and this can likely best be achieved by combining targeted therapies with immunotherapeutics. To achieve this, a detailed understanding of the immune consequences of the various kinase inhibitors, in development, clinical trial and currently used to treat melanoma is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Vella
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Cancer Immuno-biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
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12
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Gäbler K, Behrmann I, Haan C. JAK2 mutants (e.g., JAK2V617F) and their importance as drug targets in myeloproliferative neoplasms. JAKSTAT 2013; 2:e25025. [PMID: 24069563 PMCID: PMC3772115 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.25025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) mutant V617F and other JAK mutants are found in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms and leukemias. Due to their involvement in neoplasia and inflammatory disorders, Janus kinases are promising targets for kinase inhibitor therapy. Several small-molecule compounds are evaluated in clinical trials for myelofibrosis, and ruxolitinib (INCB018424, Jakafi®) was the first Janus kinase inhibitor to receive clinical approval. In this review we provide an overview of JAK2V617F signaling and its inhibition by small-molecule kinase inhibitors. In addition, myeloproliferative neoplasms are discussed regarding the role of JAK2V617F and other mutant proteins of possible relevance. We further give an overview about treatment options with special emphasis on possible combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Gäbler
- Signal Transduction Laboratory; Life Sciences Research Unit; University of Luxembourg; Luxembourg
| | - Iris Behrmann
- Signal Transduction Laboratory; Life Sciences Research Unit; University of Luxembourg; Luxembourg
| | - Claude Haan
- Signal Transduction Laboratory; Life Sciences Research Unit; University of Luxembourg; Luxembourg
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13
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Wolf A, Eulenfeld R, Gäbler K, Rolvering C, Haan S, Behrmann I, Denecke B, Haan C, Schaper F. JAK2-V617F-induced MAPK activity is regulated by PI3K and acts synergistically with PI3K on the proliferation of JAK2-V617F-positive cells. JAKSTAT 2013; 2:e24574. [PMID: 24069558 PMCID: PMC3772110 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.24574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of a constitutively active JAK2 mutant, namely JAK2-V617F, was a milestone in the understanding of Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. The JAK2-V617F mutation confers cytokine hypersensitivity, constitutive activation of the JAK-STAT pathway, and cytokine-independent growth. In this study we investigated the mechanism of JAK2-V617F-dependent signaling with a special focus on the activation of the MAPK pathway. We observed JAK2-V617F-dependent deregulated activation of the multi-site docking protein Gab1 as indicated by constitutive, PI3K-dependent membrane localization and tyrosine phosphorylation of Gab1. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PI3K signaling regulates MAPK activation in JAK2-V617F-positve cells. This cross-regulation of the MAPK pathway by PI3K affects JAK2-V617F-specific target gene induction, erythroid colony formation, and regulates proliferation of JAK2-V617F-positive patient cells in a synergistically manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Wolf
- Department of Systems Biology; Institute of Biology; Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg; Magdeburg, Germany ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; RWTH-Aachen University; Aachen, Germany
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