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Yang H, Huebner K, Hampel C, Erlenbach-Wuensch K, Selvamani SB, Shukla V, Geppert CI, Hartmann A, Mahadevan V, Schneider-Stock R. ATF2 loss promotes 5-FU resistance in colon cancer cells via activation of the ATR-Chk1 damage response pathway. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:480. [PMID: 37237279 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of ATF2 in colon cancer (CC) is controversial. Recently, we reported that low ATF2 expression is characteristic of highly invasive tumors, suggesting that ATF2 might also be involved in therapy resistance. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the best-known chemotherapeutic drug for CC, but drug resistance affects its curative effect. To date, the role of ATF2 in the 5-FU response remains elusive. METHODS/RESULTS For our study, we had available HCT116 cells (wild-type p53) and HT29 colon tumor cells (mutant p53) and their corresponding CRISPR‒Cas9-generated ATF2-KO clones. We observed that loss of ATF2 triggered dose- and time-dependent 5-FU resistance in HCT116 cells by activating the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway with high p-ATRThr1989 and p-Chk1Ser317 levels accompanied by an increase in the DNA damage marker γ-H2AX in vitro and in vivo using the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Chk1 inhibitor studies causally displayed the link between DDR and drug resistance. There were contradictory findings in HT29 ATF2-KO cells upon 5-FU exposure with low p-Chk1Ser317 levels, strong apoptosis induction, but no effects on DNA damage. In ATF2-silenced HCT116 p53-/- cells, 5-FU did not activate the DDR pathway. Co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays revealed that upon 5-FU treatment, ATF2 binds to ATR to prevent Chk1 phosphorylation. Indeed, in silico modelling showed reduced ATR-Chk1 binding when ATF2 was docked into the complex. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated a novel ATF2 scaffold function involved in the DDR pathway. ATF2-negative cells are highly resistant due to effective ATR/Chk1 DNA damage repair. Mutant p53 seems to overwrite the tumor suppressor function of ATF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Experimental Tumorpathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 22, 91504, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8-10, Erlangen, 91504, Germany
| | - Kerstin Huebner
- Experimental Tumorpathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 22, 91504, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8-10, Erlangen, 91504, Germany
| | - Chuanpit Hampel
- Experimental Tumorpathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 22, 91504, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8-10, Erlangen, 91504, Germany
| | - Katharina Erlenbach-Wuensch
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8-10, Erlangen, 91504, Germany
| | - Selva Babu Selvamani
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB), Bangalore, 560100, India
| | - Vikas Shukla
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB), Bangalore, 560100, India
| | - Carol I Geppert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8-10, Erlangen, 91504, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8-10, Erlangen, 91504, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen‑EMN (CCC ER‑EMN), Östliche Stadtmauerstr. 30, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | | | - Regine Schneider-Stock
- Experimental Tumorpathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 22, 91504, Erlangen, Germany.
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8-10, Erlangen, 91504, Germany.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen‑EMN (CCC ER‑EMN), Östliche Stadtmauerstr. 30, Erlangen, 91054, Germany.
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Ju H, Yun H, Kim Y, Nam YJ, Lee S, Lee J, Jeong SM, Heo J, Kwon H, Cho YS, Jeong G, Ryu CM, Shin DM. Activating transcription factor-2 supports the antioxidant capacity and ability of human mesenchymal stem cells to prevent asthmatic airway inflammation. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:413-425. [PMID: 36765266 PMCID: PMC9981582 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00943-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH), an abundant nonprotein thiol antioxidant, participates in several biological processes and determines the functionality of stem cells. A detailed understanding of the molecular network mediating GSH dynamics is still lacking. Here, we show that activating transcription factor-2 (ATF2), a cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), plays a crucial role in maintaining the level and activity of GSH in human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by crosstalking with nuclear factor erythroid-2 like-2 (NRF2), a well-known master regulator of cellular redox homeostasis. Priming with ascorbic acid 2-glucoside (AA2G), a stable vitamin C derivative, increased the expression and activity of ATF2 in MSCs derived from human embryonic stem cells and umbilical cord. Subsequently, activated ATF2 crosstalked with the CREB1-NRF2 pathway to preserve the GSH dynamics of MSCs through the induction of genes involved in GSH synthesis (GCLC and GCLM) and redox cycling (GSR and PRDX1). Accordingly, shRNA-mediated silencing of ATF2 significantly impaired the self-renewal, migratory, proangiogenic, and anti-inflammatory capacities of MSCs, and these defects were rescued by supplementation of the cells with GSH. In addition, silencing ATF2 attenuated the ability of MSCs to alleviate airway inflammatory responses in an ovalbumin-induced mouse model of allergic asthma. Consistently, activation of ATF2 by overexpression or the AA2G-based priming procedure enhanced the core functions of MSCs, improving the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of MSCs for treating asthma. Collectively, our findings suggest that ATF2 is a novel modulator of GSH dynamics that determines the core functionality and therapeutic potency of MSCs used to treat allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyein Ju
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - HongDuck Yun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - YongHwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Yun Ji Nam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Seungun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Jinwon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Seon Min Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Jinbeom Heo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Hyungu Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - You Sook Cho
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Gowun Jeong
- AI Recommendation, T3K, SK Telecom, Seoul, 04539, South Korea
| | - Chae-Min Ryu
- Center for Cell Therapy, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Myung Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
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3
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Li K, Lv C, Zhang W, Fang J. CircFN1 upregulation initiated oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation and migration in trophoblasts via circFN1-miR-19a/b-3p-ATF2 ceRNA network. Reprod Biol 2022; 22:100631. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2022.100631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Müller N, Warwick T, Noack K, Malacarne PF, Cooper AJL, Weissmann N, Schröder K, Brandes RP, Rezende F. Reactive Oxygen Species Differentially Modulate the Metabolic and Transcriptomic Response of Endothelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020434. [PMID: 35204316 PMCID: PMC8869421 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important mediators of both physiological and pathophysiological signal transduction in the cardiovascular system. The effects of ROS on cellular processes depend on the concentration, localization, and duration of exposure. Cellular stress response mechanisms have evolved to mitigate the negative effects of acute oxidative stress. In this study, we investigate the short-term and long-term metabolic and transcriptomic response of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) to different types and concentrations of ROS. To generate intracellular H2O2, we utilized a lentiviral chemogenetic approach for overexpression of human D-amino acid oxidase (DAO). DAO converts D-amino acids into their corresponding imino acids and H2O2. HUVEC stably overexpressing DAO (DAO-HUVEC) were exposed to D-alanine (3 mM), exogenous H2O2 (10 µM or 300 µM), or menadione (5 µM) for various timepoints and subjected to global untargeted metabolomics (LC-MS/MS) and RNAseq by MACE (Massive analysis of cDNA ends). A total of 300 µM H2O2 led to pronounced changes on both the metabolic and transcriptomic level. In particular, metabolites linked to redox homeostasis, energy-generating pathways, and nucleotide metabolism were significantly altered. Furthermore, 300 µM H2O2 affected genes related to the p53 pathway and cell cycle. In comparison, the effects of menadione and DAO-derived H2O2 mainly occurred at gene expression level. Collectively, all types of ROS led to subtle changes in the expression of ribosomal genes. Our results show that different types and concentration of ROS lead to a different metabolic and transcriptomic response in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Müller
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (N.M.); (T.W.); (K.N.); (P.F.M.); (K.S.); (R.P.B.)
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Timothy Warwick
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (N.M.); (T.W.); (K.N.); (P.F.M.); (K.S.); (R.P.B.)
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kurt Noack
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (N.M.); (T.W.); (K.N.); (P.F.M.); (K.S.); (R.P.B.)
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Pedro Felipe Malacarne
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (N.M.); (T.W.); (K.N.); (P.F.M.); (K.S.); (R.P.B.)
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Arthur J. L. Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Justus Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, 35390 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Katrin Schröder
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (N.M.); (T.W.); (K.N.); (P.F.M.); (K.S.); (R.P.B.)
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ralf P. Brandes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (N.M.); (T.W.); (K.N.); (P.F.M.); (K.S.); (R.P.B.)
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Flávia Rezende
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (N.M.); (T.W.); (K.N.); (P.F.M.); (K.S.); (R.P.B.)
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-69-6301-85321; Fax: +49-69-6301-7668
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de Klerk DJ, de Keijzer MJ, Dias LM, Heemskerk J, de Haan LR, Kleijn TG, Franchi LP, Heger M. Strategies for Improving Photodynamic Therapy Through Pharmacological Modulation of the Immediate Early Stress Response. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2451:405-480. [PMID: 35505025 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally to noninvasive treatment modality that has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional cancer treatments. PDT induces hyperoxidative stress and disrupts cellular homeostasis in photosensitized cancer cells, resulting in cell death and ultimately removal of the tumor. However, various survival pathways can be activated in sublethally afflicted cancer cells following PDT. The acute stress response is one of the known survival pathways in PDT, which is activated by reactive oxygen species and signals via ASK-1 (directly) or via TNFR (indirectly). The acute stress response can activate various other survival pathways that may entail antioxidant, pro-inflammatory, angiogenic, and proteotoxic stress responses that culminate in the cancer cell's ability to cope with redox stress and oxidative damage. This review provides an overview of the immediate early stress response in the context of PDT, mechanisms of activation by PDT, and molecular intervention strategies aimed at inhibiting survival signaling and improving PDT outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J de Klerk
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J de Keijzer
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lionel M Dias
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde (FCS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Jordi Heemskerk
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianne R de Haan
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tony G Kleijn
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonardo P Franchi
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) 2, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering-Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Sciences, and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michal Heger
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Giannoudis A, Malki MI, Rudraraju B, Mohhamed H, Menon S, Liloglou T, Ali S, Carroll JS, Palmieri C. Activating transcription factor-2 (ATF2) is a key determinant of resistance to endocrine treatment in an in vitro model of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:126. [PMID: 33198803 PMCID: PMC7667764 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01359-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activating transcription factor-2 (ATF2), a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA binding proteins, has been implicated as a tumour suppressor in breast cancer. However, its exact role in breast cancer endocrine resistance is still unclear. We have previously shown that silencing of ATF2 leads to a loss in the growth-inhibitory effects of tamoxifen in the oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive, tamoxifen-sensitive MCF7 cell line and highlighted that this multi-faceted transcription factor is key to the effects of tamoxifen in an endocrine sensitive model. In this work, we explored further the in vitro role of ATF2 in defining the resistance to endocrine treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS We knocked down ATF2 in TAMR, LCC2 and LCC9 tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cell lines as well as the parental tamoxifen sensitive MCF7 cell line and investigated the effects on growth, colony formation and cell migration. We also performed a microarray gene expression profiling (Illumina Human HT12_v4) to explore alterations in gene expression between MCF7 and TAMRs after ATF2 silencing and confirmed gene expression changes by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS By silencing ATF2, we observed a significant growth reduction of TAMR, LCC2 and LCC9 with no such effect observed with the parental MCF7 cells. ATF2 silencing was also associated with a significant inhibition of TAMR, LCC2 and LCC9 cell migration and colony formation. Interestingly, knockdown of ATF2 enhanced the levels of ER and ER-regulated genes, TFF1, GREB1, NCOA3 and PGR, in TAMR cells both at RNA and protein levels. Microarray gene expression identified a number of genes known to mediate tamoxifen resistance, to be differentially regulated by ATF2 in TAMR in relation to the parental MCF7 cells. Moreover, differential pathway analysis confirmed enhanced ER activity after ATF2 knockdown in TAMR cells. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that ATF2 silencing may overcome endocrine resistance and highlights further the dual role of this transcription factor that can mediate endocrine sensitivity and resistance by modulating ER expression and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Giannoudis
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, The Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
- The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mohammed Imad Malki
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, The Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Bharath Rudraraju
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, The Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Hisham Mohhamed
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Knight Cancer Institute School of Medicine, Portland, USA
| | - Suraj Menon
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Triantafillos Liloglou
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, The Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Simak Ali
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jason S Carroll
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carlo Palmieri
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, The Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK.
- The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
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7
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Huebner K, Procházka J, Monteiro AC, Mahadevan V, Schneider-Stock R. The activating transcription factor 2: an influencer of cancer progression. Mutagenesis 2020; 34:375-389. [PMID: 31799611 PMCID: PMC6923166 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gez041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the continuous increase in survival rates for many cancer entities, colorectal cancer (CRC) and pancreatic cancer are predicted to be ranked among the top 3 cancer-related deaths in the European Union by 2025. Especially, fighting metastasis still constitutes an obstacle to be overcome in CRC and pancreatic cancer. As described by Fearon and Vogelstein, the development of CRC is based on sequential mutations leading to the activation of proto-oncogenes and the inactivation of tumour suppressor genes. In pancreatic cancer, genetic alterations also attribute to tumour development and progression. Recent findings have identified new potentially important transcription factors in CRC, among those the activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2). ATF2 is a basic leucine zipper protein and is involved in physiological and developmental processes, as well as in tumorigenesis. The mutation burden of ATF2 in CRC and pancreatic cancer is rather negligible; however, previous studies in other tumours indicated that ATF2 expression level and subcellular localisation impact tumour progression and patient prognosis. In a tissue- and stimulus-dependent manner, ATF2 is activated by upstream kinases, dimerises and induces target gene expression. Dependent on its dimerisation partner, ATF2 homodimers or heterodimers bind to cAMP-response elements or activator protein 1 consensus motifs. Pioneering work has been performed in melanoma in which the dual role of ATF2 is best understood. Even though there is increasing interest in ATF2 recently, only little is known about its involvement in CRC and pancreatic cancer. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of the underestimated ‘cancer gene chameleon’ ATF2 in apoptosis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and microRNA regulation and highlight its functions in CRC and pancreatic cancer. We further provide a novel ATF2 3D structure with key phosphorylation sites and an updated overview of all so-far available mouse models to study ATF2 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Huebner
- Experimental Tumorpathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Procházka
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ana C Monteiro
- Experimental Tumorpathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vijayalakshmi Mahadevan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Biotech Park, Electronic City Phase I, Bangalore, India
| | - Regine Schneider-Stock
- Experimental Tumorpathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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8
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Sharma GP, Gurung SK, Inam A, Nigam L, Bist A, Mohapatra D, Senapati S, Subbarao N, Azam A, Mondal N. CID-6033590 inhibits p38MAPK pathway and induces S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in DU145 and PC-3 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 60:420-436. [PMID: 31175925 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic prostate cancer, with no effective treatment, is among the leading causes of cancer-associated deaths in men. Overexpression of p38αMAPK has been observed in neuroendocrine prostate cancer patients and in both DU145 and PC-3 cell lines and represents a good drug target. Sulfonamide derivatives have shown biological activities against many human diseases, including cancer. CID-6033590, a sulfonylhydrazide compound, screened from PubChem database by molecular docking with p38αMAPK, was evaluated for anti-cancerous activities. CID-6033590 induced toxicity in both DU145 and PC-3 cells in a concentration and time-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 60 μM and 66 μM, respectively. Sub-cytotoxic concentrations of the compound significantly induced S-phase cell cycle arrest, inhibited cyclinA/CDK2 complex and blocked cell proliferation. Further, CID-6033590 downregulated phosphorylation of p38MAPK (P-p38) as well as its downstream targets, Activating transcription factor 2 (ATF-2) and Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27). The compound increased ROS and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), downregulated Bcl-2 and survivin and cleaved poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3, indicating the induction of apoptosis. The evaluaion of the compound on noncancerous, human prostatic epithelial cell line RWPE-1, and healthy murine tissues yielded no significant toxicity. Taken together, we suggest CID-6033590 as a potential candidate for prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Afreen Inam
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Lokesh Nigam
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Bist
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Naidu Subbarao
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Amir Azam
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Neelima Mondal
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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Chang IS, Sy LK, Cao B, Lum CT, Kwong WL, Fung YME, Lok CN, Che CM. Shotgun Proteomics and Quantitative Pathway Analysis of the Mechanisms of Action of Dehydroeffusol, a Bioactive Phytochemical with Anticancer Activity from Juncus effusus. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:2470-2479. [PMID: 29812950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroeffusol (DHE) is a phenanthrene isolated from the Chinese medicinal plant Juncus effusus. Biological evaluation of DHE reveals in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects. We performed a shotgun proteomic analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to investigate the changes in the protein profiles in cancer cells upon DHE treatment. DHE affected cancer-associated signaling pathways, including NF-κB, β-catenin, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Through quantitative pathway and key node analysis of the proteomics data, activating transcription factor 2 (ATF-2) and c-Jun kinase (JNK) were found to be the key components in DHE's modulated biological pathways. Based on the pathway analysis as well as chemical similarity to estradiol, DHE is proposed to be a phytoestrogen. The proteomic, bioinformatic, and chemoinformatic analyses were further verified with individual cell-based experiments. Our study demonstrates a workflow for identifying the mechanisms of action of DHE through shotgun proteomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Sheng Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology Center and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Lai-King Sy
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology Center and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Bei Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology Center and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Ching Tung Lum
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology Center and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Wai-Lun Kwong
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology Center and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Yi-Man Eva Fung
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology Center and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Chun-Nam Lok
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology Center and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology Center and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
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10
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Salman MM, Kitchen P, Woodroofe MN, Bill RM, Conner AC, Heath PR, Conner MT. Transcriptome Analysis of Gene Expression Provides New Insights into the Effect of Mild Therapeutic Hypothermia on Primary Human Cortical Astrocytes Cultured under Hypoxia. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:386. [PMID: 29311824 PMCID: PMC5735114 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothermia is increasingly used as a therapeutic measure to treat brain injury. However, the cellular mechanisms underpinning its actions are complex and are not yet fully elucidated. Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the brain and are likely to play a critical role. In this study, transcriptional changes and the protein expression profile of human primary cortical astrocytes cultured under hypoxic conditions for 6 h were investigated. Cells were treated either with or without a mild hypothermic intervention 2 h post-insult to mimic the treatment of patients following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and/or stroke. Using human gene expression microarrays, 411 differentially expressed genes were identified following hypothermic treatment of astrocytes following a 2 h hypoxic insult. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that these genes were mainly enriched in the Wnt and p53 signaling pathways, which were inhibited following hypothermic intervention. The expression levels of 168 genes involved in Wnt signaling were validated by quantitative real-time-PCR (qPCR). Among these genes, 10 were up-regulated and 32 were down-regulated with the remainder unchanged. Two of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), p38 and JNK, were selected for validation at the protein level using cell based ELISA. Hypothermic intervention significantly down-regulated total protein levels for the gene products of p38 and JNK. Moreover, hypothermia significantly up-regulated the phosphorylated (activated) forms of JNK protein, while downregulating phosphorylation of p38 protein. Within the p53 signaling pathway, 35 human apoptosis-related proteins closely associated with Wnt signaling were investigated using a Proteome Profiling Array. Hypothermic intervention significantly down-regulated 18 proteins, while upregulating one protein, survivin. Hypothermia is a complex intervention; this study provides the first detailed longitudinal investigation at the transcript and protein expression levels of the molecular effects of therapeutic hypothermic intervention on hypoxic human primary cortical astrocytes. The identified genes and proteins are targets for detailed functional studies, which may help to develop new treatments for brain injury based on an in-depth mechanistic understanding of the astrocytic response to hypoxia and/or hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mootaz M Salman
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Kitchen
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Nicola Woodroofe
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Roslyn M Bill
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alex C Conner
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R Heath
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew T Conner
- Research Institute of Health Sciences, Wolverhampton School of Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
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11
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Watson G, Ronai ZA, Lau E. ATF2, a paradigm of the multifaceted regulation of transcription factors in biology and disease. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:347-357. [PMID: 28212892 PMCID: PMC5457671 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Stringent transcriptional regulation is crucial for normal cellular biology and organismal development. Perturbations in the proper regulation of transcription factors can result in numerous pathologies, including cancer. Thus, understanding how transcription factors are regulated and how they are dysregulated in disease states is key to the therapeutic targeting of these factors and/or the pathways that they regulate. Activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) has been studied in a number of developmental and pathological conditions. Recent findings have shed light on the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational regulatory mechanisms that influence ATF2 function, and thus, the transcriptional programs coordinated by ATF2. Given our current knowledge of its multiple levels of regulation and function, ATF2 represents a paradigm for the mechanistic complexity that can regulate transcription factor function. Thus, increasing our understanding of the regulation and function of ATF2 will provide insights into fundamental regulatory mechanisms that influence how cells integrate extracellular and intracellular signals into a genomic response through transcription factors. Characterization of ATF2 dysfunction in the context of pathological conditions, particularly in cancer biology and response to therapy, will be important in understanding how pathways controlled by ATF2 or other transcription factors might be therapeutically exploited. In this review, we provide an overview of the currently known upstream regulators and downstream targets of ATF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Watson
- Department of Tumor Biology and Program in Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ze'ev A Ronai
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, 3109601, Israel
| | - Eric Lau
- Department of Tumor Biology and Program in Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
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12
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Li M, Wu X, Liu N, Li X, Meng F, Song S. Silencing of ATF2 inhibits growth of pancreatic cancer cells and enhances sensitivity to chemotherapy. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:599-610. [PMID: 28318081 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mu Li
- Department of General Surgery; Pancreatic Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang 110001 People's Republic of China
| | - Xingda Wu
- Department of General Surgery; Pancreatic Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang 110001 People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of General Surgery; Pancreatic Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang 110001 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of General Surgery; Pancreatic Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang 110001 People's Republic of China
| | - Fanbin Meng
- Department of General Surgery; Pancreatic Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang 110001 People's Republic of China
| | - Shaowei Song
- Department of General Surgery; Pancreatic Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang 110001 People's Republic of China
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13
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Huggins CJ, Mayekar MK, Martin N, Saylor KL, Gonit M, Jailwala P, Kasoji M, Haines DC, Quiñones OA, Johnson PF. C/EBPγ Is a Critical Regulator of Cellular Stress Response Networks through Heterodimerization with ATF4. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 36:693-713. [PMID: 26667036 PMCID: PMC4760225 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00911-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) controls cellular adaptations to nutrient deprivation, redox imbalances, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ISR genes are upregulated in stressed cells, primarily by the bZIP transcription factor ATF4 through its recruitment to cis-regulatory C/EBP:ATF response elements (CAREs) together with a dimeric partner of uncertain identity. Here, we show that C/EBPγ:ATF4 heterodimers, but not C/EBPβ:ATF4 dimers, are the predominant CARE-binding species in stressed cells. C/EBPγ and ATF4 associate with genomic CAREs in a mutually dependent manner and coregulate many ISR genes. In contrast, the C/EBP family members C/EBPβ and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) were largely dispensable for induction of stress genes. Cebpg(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) proliferate poorly and exhibit oxidative stress due to reduced glutathione levels and impaired expression of several glutathione biosynthesis pathway genes. Cebpg(-/-) mice (C57BL/6 background) display reduced body size and microphthalmia, similar to ATF4-null animals. In addition, C/EBPγ-deficient newborns die from atelectasis and respiratory failure, which can be mitigated by in utero exposure to the antioxidant, N-acetyl-cysteine. Cebpg(-/-) mice on a mixed strain background showed improved viability but, upon aging, developed significantly fewer malignant solid tumors than WT animals. Our findings identify C/EBPγ as a novel antioxidant regulator and an obligatory ATF4 partner that controls redox homeostasis in normal and cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Huggins
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Manasi K Mayekar
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Nancy Martin
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Karen L Saylor
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Mesfin Gonit
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Parthav Jailwala
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Manjula Kasoji
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Diana C Haines
- Pathology/Histotechnology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Octavio A Quiñones
- DMS, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter F Johnson
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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14
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Corrao S, Anzalone R, Lo Iacono M, Corsello T, Di Stefano A, D'Anna SE, Balbi B, Carone M, Sala A, Corona D, Timperio AM, Zolla L, Farina F, de Macario EC, Macario AJL, Cappello F, La Rocca G. Hsp10 nuclear localization and changes in lung cells response to cigarette smoke suggest novel roles for this chaperonin. Open Biol 2015; 4:rsob.140125. [PMID: 25355063 PMCID: PMC4221893 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.140125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock protein (Hsp)10 is the co-chaperone for Hsp60 inside mitochondria, but it also resides outside the organelle. Variations in its levels and intracellular distribution have been documented in pathological conditions, e.g. cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here, we show that Hsp10 in COPD undergoes changes at the molecular and subcellular levels in bronchial cells from human specimens and derived cell lines, intact or subjected to stress induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Noteworthy findings are: (i) Hsp10 occurred in nuclei of epithelial and lamina propria cells of bronchial mucosa from non-smokers and smokers; (ii) human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) and lung fibroblast (HFL-1) cells, in vitro, showed Hsp10 in the nucleus, before and after CSE exposure; (iii) CSE stimulation did not increase the levels of Hsp10 but did elicit qualitative changes as indicated by molecular weight and isoelectric point shifts; and (iv) Hsp10 nuclear levels increased after CSE stimulation in HFL-1, indicating cytosol to nucleus migration, and although Hsp10 did not bind DNA, it bound a DNA-associated protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Corrao
- Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rita Anzalone
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Melania Lo Iacono
- Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Tiziana Corsello
- Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'apparato cardio-respiratorio, Fondazione 'S. Maugeri' IRCCS, Istituto di Veruno, Veruno (NO), Italy
| | | | - Bruno Balbi
- Divisione di Pneumologia, Fondazione 'S. Maugeri' IRCCS, Istituto di Veruno, Veruno (NO), Italy
| | - Mauro Carone
- Fondazione 'S. Maugeri' IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Cassano delle Murge, Cassano delle Murge (BA), Italy
| | - Anna Sala
- Dipartimento STEBICEF, Istituto Telethon Dulbecco c/o Universita' degli Studi di Palermo, Sezione di Biologia Cellulare, Palermo, Italy
| | - Davide Corona
- Dipartimento STEBICEF, Istituto Telethon Dulbecco c/o Universita' degli Studi di Palermo, Sezione di Biologia Cellulare, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Lello Zolla
- Department of Biology and Ecology "La Tuscia" University, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Felicia Farina
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA IMET, Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alberto J L Macario
- Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA IMET, Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giampiero La Rocca
- Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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15
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Jin S, Choi H, Kwon JT, Kim J, Jeong J, Kim J, Ham S, Cho BN, Yoo YJ, Cho C. Identification and characterization of reproductive KRAB-ZF genes in mice. Gene 2015; 565:45-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Transcriptomic Analysis of mRNAs in Human Monocytic Cells Expressing the HIV-1 Nef Protein and Their Exosomes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:492395. [PMID: 25961023 PMCID: PMC4413250 DOI: 10.1155/2015/492395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Nef protein of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) promotes viral replication and progression to AIDS. Besides its well-studied effects on intracellular signaling, Nef also functions through its secretion in exosomes, which are nanovesicles containing proteins, microRNAs, and mRNAs and are important for intercellular communication. Nef expression enhances exosome secretion and these exosomes can enter uninfected CD4 T cells leading to apoptotic death. We have recently reported the first miRNome analysis of exosomes secreted from Nef-expressing U937monocytic cells. Here we show genome-wide transcriptome analysis of Nef-expressing U937 cells and their exosomes. We identified four key mRNAs preferentially retained in Nef-expressing cells; these code for MECP2, HMOX1, AARSD1, and ATF2 and are important for chromatin modification and gene expression. Interestingly, their target miRNAs are exported out in exosomes. We also identified three key mRNAs selectively secreted in exosomes from Nef-expressing U937 cells and their corresponding miRNAs being preferentially retained in cells. These are AATK, SLC27A1, and CDKAL and are important in apoptosis and fatty acid transport. Thus, our study identifies selectively expressed mRNAs in Nef-expressing U937 cells and their exosomes and supports a new mode on intercellular regulation by the HIV-1 Nef protein.
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Liu Z, Mai C, Yang H, Zhen Y, Yu X, Hua S, Wu Q, Jiang Q, Zhang Y, Song X, Fang W. Candidate tumour suppressor CCDC19 regulates miR-184 direct targeting of C-Myc thereby suppressing cell growth in non-small cell lung cancers. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:1667-79. [PMID: 24976536 PMCID: PMC4190912 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported and revised the nasopharyngeal epithelium specific protein CCDC19 and identified it as a potential tumour suppressor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the involvement of CCDC19 in the pathogenesis of human non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Down-regulated CCDC19 expression was observed in NSCLC tissues and cells compared to normal tissues. However, reduced protein expression did not correlate with the status of NSCLC progression. Instead, we observed that patients with lower CCDC19 expression had a shorter overall survival than did patients with higher CCDC19 expression. Lentiviral-mediated CCDC19 overexpression significantly suppressed cell proliferation and cell cycle transition from G1 to S and G2 phases in NSCLC cells. Knocking down CCDC19 expression significantly restored the ability of cell growth in CCDC19 overexpressing NSCLC cells. Mechanistically CCDC19 functions as a potential tumour suppressor by stimulating miR-184 suppression of C-Myc thus blocking cell growth mediated by the PI3K/AKT/C-Jun pathway. Our studies are the first to demonstrate that reduced expression of CCDC19 is an unfavourable factor in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Poehlmann A, Reissig K, Schönfeld P, Walluscheck D, Schinlauer A, Hartig R, Lessel W, Guenther T, Silver A, Roessner A. Repeated H2 O2 exposure drives cell cycle progression in an in vitro model of ulcerative colitis. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:1619-31. [PMID: 24118792 PMCID: PMC3914643 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) drives tumourigenesis in ulcerative colitis (UC). Recently, we showed that H2O2 activates DNA damage checkpoints in human colonic epithelial cells (HCEC) through c-Jun N-terminal Kinases (JNK) that induces p21WAF1. Moreover, caspases circumvented the G1/S and intra-S checkpoints, and cells accumulated in G2/M. The latter observation raised the question of whether repeated H2O2 exposures alter JNK activation, thereby promoting a direct passage of cells from G2/M arrest to driven cell cycle progression. Here, we report that increased proliferation of repeatedly H2O2-exposed HCEC cells (C-cell cultures) was associated with (i) increased phospho-p46 JNK, (ii) decreased total JNK and phospho-p54 JNK and (iii) p21WAF1 down-regulation. Altered JNK activation and p21WAF1 down-regulation were accompanied by defects in maintaining G2/M and mitotic spindle checkpoints through adaptation, as well as by apoptosis resistance following H2O2 exposure. This may cause increased proliferation of C-cell cultures, a defining initiating feature in the inflammation-carcinoma pathway in UC. We further suggest that dysregulated JNK activation is attributed to a non-apoptotic function of caspases, causing checkpoint adaptation in C-cell cultures. Additionally, loss of cell-contact inhibition and the overcoming of senescence, hallmarks of cancer, contributed to increased proliferation. Furthermore, there was evidence that p54 JNK inactivation is responsible for loss of cell-contact inhibition. We present a cellular model of UC and suggest a sinusoidal pattern of proliferation, which is triggered by H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species generation, involving an interplay between JNK activation/inactivation, p21WAF1, c-Fos, c-Jun/phospho-c-Jun, ATF2/phospho-ATF2, β-catenin/TCF4-signalling, c-Myc, CDK6 and Cyclin D2, leading to driven cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Poehlmann
- Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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