1
|
Hypoxic Wharton's Jelly Stem Cell Conditioned Medium Induces Immunogenic Cell Death in Lymphoma Cells. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:4670948. [PMID: 32377203 PMCID: PMC7189315 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4670948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells from Wharton's jelly of the human umbilical cord (hWJSCs), and the conditioned medium (hWJSC-CM) prepared from them, were shown to be tumoricidal on many cancers. However, these tumoricidal effects were observed in hWJSCs grown under normoxic conditions of 21% oxygen in the laboratory. Since oxygen concentrations in the stem cell niche or physiological microenvironment are hypoxic and help to maintain stemness properties, the objective of this work was to evaluate whether there were differences in the tumoricidal properties of hWJSC-CM grown in 21% O2 (normoxic) or 5% O2 (hypoxic) environments. The results showed that hWJSCs grown under normoxic or hypoxic conditions showed no distinct morphological differences in culture and remained positive in trilineage differentiation into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. Hypoxic hWJSCs expressed the mesenchymal stem cell surface markers CD105, CD90, CD73, CD146, and CD108 similar to normoxic hWJSCs but were negative for the hematopoietic markers CD14, CD19, CD34, CD45, CD117, and HLA-DR. Hypoxic hWJSC-CM produced a significantly greater reduction in cell viability and a significantly greater increase in apoptosis, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation in human lymphoma cells compared to normoxic hWJSC-CM. Hypoxic hWJSC-CM also produced significantly greater expression of immunogenic cell death (ICD) hallmarks such as surface-bound calreticulin, HSP70, HSP90, and high mobility group binding 1 proteins and significantly decreased expression of the defense molecules CD47 and PD-L1. This study showed that the tumoricidal effect of hypoxic hWJSC-CM was superior to normoxic hWJSC-CM and should be the preferred choice of preparing hWJSC-CM for the induction of ICD on lymphoma cells.
Collapse
|
2
|
Gauthier-Fisher A, Szaraz P, Librach CL. Pericytes in the Umbilical Cord. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1122:211-233. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11093-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
3
|
Svitina H, Kyryk V, Skrypkina I, Kuchma M, Bukreieva T, Areshkov P, Shablii Y, Denis Y, Klymenko P, Garmanchuk L, Ostapchenko L, Lobintseva G, Shablii V. Placenta-derived multipotent cells have no effect on the size and number of DMH-induced colon tumors in rats. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:2135-2147. [PMID: 28962134 PMCID: PMC5609206 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of placenta-derived multipotent cells (PDMCs) is a promising approach for cell therapy to treat inflammation-associated colon diseases. However, the effect of PDMCs on colon cancer cells remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to characterize PDMCs obtained from human (hPDMCs) and rat (rPDMCs) placentas and to evaluate their impact on colon cancer progression in rats. PDMCs were obtained from human and rat placentas by tissue explant culturing. Stemness- and trophoblast-related gene expression was studied using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and surface markers and intracellular proteins were detected using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence, respectively. Experimental colon carcinogenesis was induced in male albino Wistar rats by injecting 20 mg/kg dimethylhydrazine (DMH) once a week for 20 consecutive weeks. The administration of rPDMCs and hPDMC was performed at week 22 after the initial DMH-injection. All animals were sacrificed through carbon dioxide asphyxiation at week 5 after cell transplantation. The number and size of each tumor lesion was calculated. The type of tumor was determined by standard histological methods. Cell engraftment was determined by PCR and immunofluorescence. Results demonstrated that rPDMCs possessed the immunophenotype and differentiation potential inherent in MSCs; however, hPDMCs exhibited a lower expression of cluster of differentiation 44 and did not express trophoblast-associated genes. The data of the present study indicated that PDMCs may engraft in different tissues but do not significantly affect DMH-induced tumor growth during short-term observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Svitina
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Cryobank, Institute of Cell Therapy, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine.,Department of Biochemistry, Educational and Scientific Centre "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vitaliy Kyryk
- Department of Cell and Tissue Technologies, State Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Medicine of Academy of Medicine of Ukraine, 04114 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Inessa Skrypkina
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Cryobank, Institute of Cell Therapy, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine.,Department of Functional Genomics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maria Kuchma
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Cryobank, Institute of Cell Therapy, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine.,Department of Functional Genomics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana Bukreieva
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Cryobank, Institute of Cell Therapy, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Pavlo Areshkov
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Cryobank, Institute of Cell Therapy, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine.,Department of Functional Genomics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yulia Shablii
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Cryobank, Institute of Cell Therapy, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yevheniy Denis
- Department of Biochemistry, Educational and Scientific Centre "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Pavlo Klymenko
- Department of Cell and Tissue Technologies, State Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Medicine of Academy of Medicine of Ukraine, 04114 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Liudmyla Garmanchuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Educational and Scientific Centre "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Liudmyla Ostapchenko
- Department of Biochemistry, Educational and Scientific Centre "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Galina Lobintseva
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Cryobank, Institute of Cell Therapy, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Shablii
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Cryobank, Institute of Cell Therapy, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine.,Department of Biochemistry, Educational and Scientific Centre "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Induction of Immunogenic Cell Death in Lymphoma Cells by Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cell Conditioned Medium. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 13:801-816. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9767-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
5
|
Fong CY, Biswas A, Stunkel W, Chong YS, Bongso A. Tissues Derived From Reprogrammed Wharton's Jelly Stem Cells of the Umbilical Cord Provide an Ideal Platform to Study the Effects of Glucose, Zika Virus, and Other Agents on the Fetus. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:437-441. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chui-Yee Fong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; National University Health System; National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
| | - Arijit Biswas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; National University Health System; National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
| | - Walter Stunkel
- Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences; Singapore Singapore
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; National University Health System; National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences; Singapore Singapore
| | - Ariff Bongso
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; National University Health System; National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lin HD, Fong CY, Biswas A, Choolani M, Bongso A. Human Umbilical Cord Wharton's Jelly Stem Cell Conditioned Medium Induces Tumoricidal Effects on Lymphoma Cells Through Hydrogen Peroxide Mediation. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2045-55. [PMID: 27392313 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Several groups have reported that human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly stem cells (hWJSCs) possess unique tumoricidal properties against many cancers. However, the exact mechanisms as to how hWJSCs inhibit tumor growth are not known. Recent evidence suggests that exposure of cancer cells to high hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) levels from H2 O2 -releasing drugs causes their death. We therefore explored whether the tumoricidal effect of hWJSCs on lymphoma cells was mediated via H2 O2 . We first exposed lymphoma cells to six different molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) concentrates of hWJSC-conditioned medium (hWJSC-CM) (3, 5, 10, 30, 50, 100 kDa) for 48 h. Since, the 3 kDa-MWCO concentrate showed the greatest cell inhibition we then investigated whether the tumoricidal effect of the specific 3 kDa-MWCO concentrate on two different lymphoma cell lines (Ramos and Toledo) was mediated via accumulation of H2 O2 . We used a battery of assays (MTT, propidium iodide, mitochondria membrane potential, apoptosis, cell cycle, oxidative stress enzymes, hydrogen peroxide, mitochondrial superoxide, hydroxyl radical, peroxynitrile anion, and lipid peroxidation) to test this mechanism. The hWJSC-CM-3 kDa MWCO concentrate significantly decreased cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential and increased cell death and apoptosis in both lymphoma cell lines. There were significant increases in superoxide dismutase with concomitant decreases in glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and thioredoxin peroxidase activities. H2 O2 levels, mitochondrial superoxide, hydroxyl radical, peroxynitrile anion, and lipid peroxidation were also significantly increased in both lymphoma cell lines. The results suggested that the hWJSC-CM-3 kDa MWCO concentrate regulates cellular H2 O2 leading to a tumoricidal effect and may thus be a promising anti-lymphoma agent. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2045-2055, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Daniel Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Chui-Yee Fong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Arijit Biswas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Mahesh Choolani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Ariff Bongso
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fong CY, Subramanian A, Biswas A, Bongso A. Freezing of Fresh Wharton's Jelly From Human Umbilical Cords Yields High Post-Thaw Mesenchymal Stem Cell Numbers for Cell-Based Therapies. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:815-27. [PMID: 26365815 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Some cord blood banks freeze entire pieces of UC (mixed cord, MC) which after post-thaw yields mixed heterogeneous populations of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from all its microanatomical compartments. Freezing of such entire tissues results in sub-optimal post-thaw cell recovery because of poor cryoprotectant diffusion and intracellular ice-formation, heat and water transport issues, and damage to intercellular junctions. To develop a simple method of harvesting pure homogeneous MSCs for cord blood banks, we compared the post-thaw behavior of three groups of frozen UC tissues: (i) freshly harvested WJ without cell separation; (ii) MSCs isolated from WJ (WJSC); and (iii) MC, WJ, and WJSC produced high post-thaw cell survival rates (93.52 ± 6.12% to 90.83 ± 4.51%) and epithelioid monolayers within 24 h in primary culture whereas post-thaw MC explants showed slow growth with mixed epithelioid and fibroblastic cell outgrowths after several days. Viability and proliferation rates of post-thawed WJ and hWJSC were significantly greater than MC. Post-thaw WJ and WJSC produced significantly greater CD24(+) and CD108(+) fluorescence intensities and significantly lower CD40(+) contaminants. Post-thaw WJ and WJSC produced significantly lesser annexin-V-positive and sub-G1 cells and greater degrees of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation compared to MC. qRT-PCR analysis of post-thaw MC showed significant decreases in anti-apoptotic gene expression (SURVIVIN, BCL2) and increases in pro-apoptotic (BAX) and cell cycle regulator genes (P53, P21, ROCK 1) compared to WJ and WJSC. We conclude that freezing of fresh WJ is a simple and reliable method of generating large numbers of clinically utilizable MSCs for cell-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chui-Yee Fong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 119228, Singapore
| | - Arjunan Subramanian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 119228, Singapore
| | - Arijit Biswas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 119228, Singapore
| | - Ariff Bongso
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 119228, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Subramanian A, Fong CY, Biswas A, Bongso A. Comparative Characterization of Cells from the Various Compartments of the Human Umbilical Cord Shows that the Wharton's Jelly Compartment Provides the Best Source of Clinically Utilizable Mesenchymal Stem Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127992. [PMID: 26061052 PMCID: PMC4464659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human umbilical cord (UC) is an attractive source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with unique advantages over other MSC sources. They have been isolated from different compartments of the UC but there has been no rigorous comparison to identify the compartment with the best clinical utility. We compared the histology, fresh and cultured cell numbers, morphology, proliferation, viability, stemness characteristics and differentiation potential of cells from the amnion (AM), subamnion (SA), perivascular (PV), Wharton’s jelly (WJ) and mixed cord (MC) of five UCs. The WJ occupied the largest area in the UC from which 4.61 ± 0.57 x 106 /cm fresh cells could be isolated without culture compared to AM, SA, PV and MC that required culture. The WJ and PV had significantly lesser CD40+ non-stem cell contaminants (26-27%) compared to SA, AM and MC (51-70%). Cells from all compartments were proliferative, expressed the typical MSC-CD, HLA, and ESC markers, telomerase, had normal karyotypes and differentiated into adipocyte, chondrocyte and osteocyte lineages. The cells from WJ showed significantly greater CD24+ and CD108+ numbers and fluorescence intensities that discriminate between MSCs and non-stem cell mesenchymal cells, were negative for the fibroblast-specific and activating-proteins (FSP, FAP) and showed greater osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential compared to AM, SA, PV and MC. Cells from the WJ offer the best clinical utility as (i) they have less non-stem cell contaminants (ii) can be generated in large numbers with minimal culture avoiding changes in phenotype, (iii) their derivation is quick and easy to standardize, (iv) they are rich in stemness characteristics and (v) have high differentiation potential. Our results show that when isolating MSCs from the UC, the WJ should be the preferred compartment, and a standardized method of derivation must be used so as to make meaningful comparisons of data between research groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arjunan Subramanian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Chui-Yee Fong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Arijit Biswas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Ariff Bongso
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lin HD, Fong CY, Biswas A, Choolani M, Bongso A. Human Wharton's jelly stem cells, its conditioned medium and cell-free lysate inhibit the growth of human lymphoma cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2015; 10:573-86. [PMID: 24789672 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9514-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Several groups have reported that primitive mesenchymal stem cells from the gelatinous matrix of the Wharton's jelly of the human umbilical cord (hWJSCs) possess tumoricidal properties and inhibit the growth of solid tumours such as human mammary carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma and osteosarcoma. This unique characteristic led to the hypothesis that hWJSCs serve as a natural defence against migrating cancer cells from mother to fetus thus explaining why tumorigenesis in the fetus is rare. However, it is not known whether non-solid malignant hematopoietic cells are also inhibited by hWJSCs and what the exact tumoricidal mechanisms are. We therefore evaluated the influence of hWJSCs and its extracts on Burkitt's lymphoma cells. Cell proliferation (BrdU and Ki67+), viability (MTT) and cell death (Annexin V-Propidium iodide and live/dead) assays showed significant inhibition of lymphoma cell growth after 48 h exposure to hWJSCs or its extracts compared to controls. Increased cell death was observed at sub-G1 and S and decreased proliferation at G2/M phases of the mitotic cycle. Superoxide dismutase and hydrogen peroxide activity were significantly increased and glutathione peroxidase significantly decreased in treated lymphoma cells. Time lapse imaging and confocal z-stack images showed yellow fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) signals of lymphoma cell Y chromosomes within the cytoplasm of female red labelled hWJSCs. We hypothesize that the growth of lymphoma cells is inhibited by the molecules secreted by hWJSCs that use oxidative stress pathways to induce cell death followed by engulfment of the apoptotic remains of the lymphoma cells by the hWJSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Daniel Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore, Singapore, 119228
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fong CY, Biswas A, Subramanian A, Srinivasan A, Choolani M, Bongso A. Human Keloid Cell Characterization and Inhibition of Growth with Human Wharton's Jelly Stem Cell Extracts. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:826-38. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chui-Yee Fong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University Health System; National University of Singapore; Kent Ridge Singapore 119228 Singapore
| | - Arijit Biswas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University Health System; National University of Singapore; Kent Ridge Singapore 119228 Singapore
| | - Arjunan Subramanian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University Health System; National University of Singapore; Kent Ridge Singapore 119228 Singapore
| | - Akshaya Srinivasan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University Health System; National University of Singapore; Kent Ridge Singapore 119228 Singapore
| | - Mahesh Choolani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University Health System; National University of Singapore; Kent Ridge Singapore 119228 Singapore
| | - Ariff Bongso
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University Health System; National University of Singapore; Kent Ridge Singapore 119228 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|