1
|
Peeters-Scholte C, Meilin S, Berckovich Y, Westers P. 2-iminobiotin, a selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, improves memory and learning in a rat model after four vessel occlusion, mimicking cardiac arrest. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291915. [PMID: 37747911 PMCID: PMC10519591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) experience between 30% and 50% cognitive deficits several years post-discharge. Especially spatial memory is affected due to ischemia-induced neuronal damage in the hippocampus. Aim of this study was to investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of 2-iminobiotin (2-IB), a biotin analogue, on memory and learning in a four-vessel occlusion model of global ischemia using the Water Maze test. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to either sham operation (n = 6), vehicle treatment (n = 20), 1.1 (n = 15), 3.3 (n = 14), 10 (n = 14), or 30 mg/kg/dose 2-IB treatment (n = 15). Treatment was subcutaneously (s.c.) administered immediately upon reperfusion, at 12h, and at 24h after reperfusion. Memory function on day 32 was significantly preserved in all doses of 2-IB rats compared to vehicle, as was the learning curve in the 1.1, 3.3 and 30 mg/kg dose group. Adult rats treated s.c. with 3 gifts of 2-IB every 12 h in a dose range of 1.1-30 mg/kg/dose directly upon reperfusion showed significant improved memory and learning after four vessel occlusion compared to vehicle-treated rats. Since 2-IB has already shown to be safe in a phase 1 clinical trial in adult human volunteers, it is a suitable candidate for translation to a human phase 2 study after OHCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sigal Meilin
- Neurology Service, MD Biosciences Ltd, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | | | - Paul Westers
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu G, Li T, Huang Y. The Effects of Intraoperative Hypothermia on Postoperative Cognitive Function in the Rat Hippocampus and Its Possible Mechanisms. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12010096. [PMID: 35053838 PMCID: PMC8773779 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraoperative hypothermia is a common complication during operations and is associated with several adverse events. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and its adverse consequences have drawn increasing attention in recent years. There are currently no relevant studies investigating the correlation between intraoperative hypothermia and POCD. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of intraoperative hypothermia on postoperative cognitive function in rats undergoing exploratory laparotomies and to investigate the possible related mechanisms. We used the Y-maze and Morris Water Maze (MWM) tests to assess the rats’ postoperative spatial working memory, spatial learning, and memory. The morphological changes in hippocampal neurons were examined by haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and hippocampal synaptic plasticity-related protein expression. Activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein (Arc), cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element-binding protein (CREB), S133-phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB [S133]), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor 1 (AMPAR1), and S831-phosphorylated AMPAR1 (p-AMPAR1 [S831]) were evaluated by Western blotting. Our results suggest a correlation between intraoperative hypothermia and POCD in rats and that intraoperative hypothermia may lead to POCD regarding impairments in spatial working memory, spatial learning, and memory. POCD induced by intraoperative hypothermia might be due to hippocampal neurons damage and decreased expression of synaptic plasticity-related proteins Arc, p-CREB (S133), and p-AMPAR1 (S831).
Collapse
|
3
|
Li W, Guo A, Sun M, Wang J, Wang Q. Neuroprotective Effects of Deproteinized Calf Serum in Ischemic Stroke. Front Neurol 2021; 12:636494. [PMID: 34557139 PMCID: PMC8453072 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.636494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deproteinized calf serum (DCS) may have neuroprotective effects after ischemic stroke. The aim of this study is to investigate whether and how the DCS inhibits neuronal injury following cerebral ischemia. Rats were subjected to 2 h transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). One dose of 0.125 mg/gbw DCS was given immediately after reperfusion. Neurological deficit and infarct volume at 24 h post-MCAO in DCS-treated rats were lower than those in vehicle-treated rats (p < 0.0005). In cultured neurons model, cell viability was decreased, and apoptosis was increased by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) (p < 0.0005). These effects of OGD/R were attenuated by 0.4 μg/μl DCS (p < 0.05) that were validated by CCK8 cell viability assay, phycoerythrin–Annexin V Apoptosis Detection assay, and TUNEL assay. Furthermore, the increase of intracellular ROS level in cultured neurons was suppressed by DCS (p < 0.05). Compared with cells subjected to OGD/R, the expression level of Bax protein decreased, and bcl-2 protein increased after DSC treatment (p < 0.05). Overall, the neuroprotective effects of DCS following cerebral ischemia may in part be due to decreased ROS production and inhibition of apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Anchen Guo
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Sun
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jiachuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neuropharmacology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kurkin DV, Morkovin EI, Kalatanova AV, Bakulin DA, Verholyak DV, Kovalev NS, Dubrovina MA, Tyurenkov IN, Petrov VI. [Antioxidant effect of cortexin, cerebrolysin and actovegin in rats with chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021; 121:84-89. [PMID: 34460162 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202112107184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the antioxidant effects of cortexin, cerebrolysin and actovegin in rats with chronic brain ischemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS Chronic brain ischemia was modeled in male rats by 50% stenosis of the common carotid arteries. Forty days after surgery, the animals received 2 ten-day courses of therapy, separated by a break of 10 days. Placebo, cortexin (0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg), cerebrolysin (0.8, 2.5 and 7.5 ml/kg) and actovegin (5 ml/kg) were administered to animals as treatment. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the homogenates was determined by the reaction with thiobarbituric acid, the concentration of reduced glutathione was determined by the reduction reaction of 5.5-dithiobis- (2-nitrobenzoic acid); determination of catalase activity, as well as the content of lactate and pyruvate, by commercially available reagent kits. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was determined by the photometric method based on an assessment of the degree of inhibition of the epinephrine oxidation reaction. All reactions were carried out in triplicates. RESULTS Modeling of chronic brain ischemia led to the statistically significant decrease in the content of lactate and pyruvate (p<0.001, when compared with the control group), which was not accompanied by a significant decrease in their ratio (p>0.05), as well as to the decrease in SOD, catalase activity, restored glutathione and increase in MDA concentrations. Compared with the control group, in the groups that received cortexin at a dose of 3 mg/kg/day, cerebrolysin at a dose of 7.5 ml/kg/day and actovegin at a dose of 5 ml/kg/day, there were an increase in the content of lactate and pyruvate (without a significant change in their ratio), restoration of glutathione levels and the activity of SOD and, to a lesser extent, catalase, combined with a decrease in the concentration of MDA. CONCLUSION Course administration of cortexin (3 mg/kg), cerebrolysin (7.5 ml/kg) and, to a lesser extent, actovegin (5 ml/kg) has a positive effect on the state of the antioxidant system of the brain in rats with chronic brain ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D V Kurkin
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - E I Morkovin
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | | | - D A Bakulin
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - D V Verholyak
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - N S Kovalev
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - M A Dubrovina
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - I N Tyurenkov
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - V I Petrov
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kurkin DV, Bakulin DA, Morkovin EI, Kalatanova AV, Makarenko IE, Dorotenko AR, Kovalev NS, Dubrovina MA, Verkholyak DV, Abrosimova EE, Smirnov AV, Shmidt MV, Tyurenkov IN. Neuroprotective action of Cortexin, Cerebrolysin and Actovegin in acute or chronic brain ischemia in rats. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254493. [PMID: 34260655 PMCID: PMC8279368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was the first to compare the neuroprotective activity of Cerebrolysin®, Actovegin® and Cortexin® in rodent models of acute and chronic brain ischemia. The neuroprotective action was evaluated in animals with acute (middle cerebral artery occlusion) or chronic (common carotid artery stenosis) brain ischemia models in male rats. Cortexin® (1 or 3 mg/kg/day), Cerebrolysin® (538 or 1614 mg/kg/day) and Actovegin® (200 mg/kg/day) were administered for 10 days. To assess the neurological and motor impairments, open field test, adhesive removal test, rotarod performance test and Morris water maze test were performed. Brain damage was assessed macro- and microscopically, and antioxidant system activity was measured in brain homogenates. In separate experiments in vitro binding of Cortexin® to a wide panel of receptors was assessed, and blood-brain barrier permeability of Cortexin® was assessed in mice in vivo. Cortexin® or Cerebrolysin® and, to a lesser extent, Actovegin® improved the recovery of neurological functions, reduced the severity of sensorimotor and cognitive impairments in rats. Cortexin® reduced the size of necrosis of brain tissue in acute ischemia, improved functioning of the antioxidant system and prevented the development of severe neurodegenerative changes in chronic ischemia model. Radioactively labeled Cortexin® crossed the blood-brain barrier in mice in vivo with concentrations equal to 6–8% of concentrations found in whole blood. During in vitro binding assay Cortexin® (10 μg/ml) demonstrated high or moderate binding to AMPA-receptors (80.1%), kainate receptors (73.5%), mGluR1 (49.0%), GABAA1 (44.0%) and mGluR5 (39.7%), which means that effects observed in vivo could be related on the glutamatergic and GABAergic actions of Cortexin®. Thus, Cortexin, 1 or 3 mg/kg, or Cerebrolysin®, 538 or 1614 mg/kg, were effective in models acute and chronic brain ischemia in rats. Cortexin® contains compounds acting on AMPA, kainate, mGluR1, GABAA1 and mGluR5 receptors in vitro, and readily crosses the blood-brain barrier in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis V. Kurkin
- Volgograd State Medical University (VSMU), Volgograd, Russia
| | - Dmitry A. Bakulin
- Volgograd State Medical University (VSMU), Volgograd, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Qu Y, Wang W, Chen T, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Wang D. The neuroprotection of deproteinized calf blood extractives injection against Alzheimer's disease via regulation of Nrf-2 signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:11150-11169. [PMID: 33819182 PMCID: PMC8109110 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive decline due to the accumulation of extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, which impair glutamate (Glu) metabolism. Deproteinized Calf Blood Extractive Injection (DCBEI) is a biopharmaceutical that contains 17 types of amino acids and 5 types of nucleotides. In this study, we found that DCBEI pretreatment reduced L-Glu-dependent neuroexcitation toxicity by maintaining normal mitochondrial function in HT22 cells. DCBEI treatment also reduced the expression of pro-apoptosis proteins and increased the expression of anti-apoptosis proteins. Furthermore, DCBEI attenuated AD-like behaviors (detected via the Morris water maze test) in B6C3-Tg (APPswePSEN1dE9)/Nju double transgenic (APP/PS1) mice; this effect was associated with a reduction in the amount of Aβ and neurofibrillary tangle deposition and the concomitant reduction of phospho-Tau in the hippocampus. Metabonomic profiling revealed that DCBEI regulated the level of neurotransmitters in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. Label-free proteomics revealed that DCBEI regulated the expression of Nrf-2 and its downstream targets, as well as the levels of phospho-protein kinase B and mitogen-activated protein kinase. Together, these data show that DCBEI can ameliorate AD symptoms by upregulating Nrf2-mediated antioxidative pathways and thus preventing mitochondrial apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yidi Qu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wenqi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Tianrui Chen
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yumin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Di Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tyurenkov IN, Kurkin DV, Kalatanova AV, Dorotenko AR, Bakulin DA, Morkovin EI, Verholyak DV, Gorbunova YV, Atapina NV, Smirnov AV, Schmidt MV. [Comparative study of protective effects of Cortexin, Cerebrolysin and Actovegin on memory impairment, cerebral circulation and morphological changes in the hippocampus of rats with chronic brain ischemia]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020; 120:83-89. [PMID: 32929929 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202012008183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of cortexin, cerebrolysin and actovegin on memory impairment, cerebral circulation and morphological changes in the hippocampus of rats with chronic brain ischemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted using male rats with chronic brain ischemia caused by stenosis of the common carotid arteries by 50%. Animals received cortexin (0,3; 1 or 3 mg/kg), cerebrolysin (0,8; 2,5 or 7,5 ml/kg) and actovegin (5 ml/kg) in two 10-day courses with 10 days of treatment break. The severity of cognitive impairment was evaluated using the Morris water maze, passive and active avoidance tests. Cerebral circulation using laser flowmetry and brain hippocampus structures were studied in the end of treatment. RESULTS Cognitive impairment in animals with chronic brain ischemia was accompanied by the development of pathological changes in the CA1 and CA4 regions of the hippocampus. Administration of cortexin (1 and 3 mg/kg) and cerebrolysin (2.5 and 7.5 ml/kg) to rats with chronic brain ischemia had almost no effect on cerebral blood flow, but contributed to the improvement in memory formation and retrieval processes in the Morris water maze. The treatment effect was comparable for both drugs and persisted after 10 days of treatment break. Morphological assessment showed a decrease in the severity of pathological changes in the hippocampal regions. CONCLUSION The course-administration of cortexin and cerebrolysin lead to a decrease in the severity of memory impairment and pathomorphological changes in the hippocampus in rats with chronic brain ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I N Tyurenkov
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - D V Kurkin
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | | | | | - D A Bakulin
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - E I Morkovin
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - D V Verholyak
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | | | - N V Atapina
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - A V Smirnov
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - M V Schmidt
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Current Synthesis and Systematic Review of Main Effects of Calf Blood Deproteinized Medicine (Actovegin ®) in Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093181. [PMID: 32365943 PMCID: PMC7246744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stroke is one of the largest problems and clinical-social challenges within neurology and, in general, pathology. Here, we briefly reviewed the main pathophysiological mechanisms of ischemic stroke, which represent targets for medical interventions, including for a calf blood deproteinized hemodialysate/ultrafiltrate. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of current related literature concerning the effects of Actovegin®, of mainly the pleiotropic type, applied to the injury pathways of ischemic stroke. Results: The bibliographic resources regarding the use of Actovegin® in ischemic stroke are scarce. The main Actovegin® actions refer to the ischemic stroke lesion items’ ensemble, targeting tissue oxidation, energy metabolism, and glucose availability through their augmentation, combating ischemic processes and oxidative stress, and decreasing inflammation (including with modulatory connotations, by the nuclear factor-κB pathway) and apoptosis-like processes, counteracting them by mitigating the caspase-3 activation induced by amyloid β-peptides. Conclusion: Since no available therapeutic agents are capable of curing the central nervous system’s lesions, any contribution, such as that of Actovegin® (with consideration of a positive balance between benefits and risks), is worthy of further study and periodic reappraisal, including investigation into further connected aspects.
Collapse
|
9
|
Jieyu Anshen Granule, a Chinese Herbal Formulation, Exerts Effects on Poststroke Depression in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7469068. [PMID: 32184899 PMCID: PMC7060433 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7469068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Jieyu Anshen granule (JY) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula for treating depression and anxiety. The aim of the study was to observe the effects of JY on poststroke depression (PSD) and investigate the underlying mechanism. PSD rat model was developed by middle cerebral artery occlusion following chronic unpredictable mild stress in conjunction with isolation rearing. We performed behavioral tests, Western blot, ELISA, and BrdU/NeuN staining. Treatment with JY showed significant antidepressant effect in open-field and sucrose preference tests, as well as significant improvement in beam-walking, cylinder, grip strength, and water maze tests. In addition, treatment with JY could restore the levels of neurotransmitters and decrease the levels of hormone and inflammation cytokines in serum and brain. Treatment with JY also showed significant regulation in the expression of neurotransmitter receptors and NF-κB/IκB-α signaling in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Moreover, the numbers of newborn neurons in the hippocampus were increased by treatment with JY. Our results suggest that JY could ameliorate PSD and improve the neurological and cognitive functions. The antidepressive effect may be associated with the modulation of JY on monoamine system, neuroendocrine, neuroinflammation, and neurogenesis.
Collapse
|
10
|
Jargin SV. Scientific Papers and Patents on Substances with Unproven Effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 13:37-45. [PMID: 30848224 DOI: 10.2174/1872211313666190307162041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It is evident from reviewing scientific literature that the quality of argumentation in some areas of medical research has deteriorated during the last decades. Publication of a series of questionable reliability has continued without making references to the published criticism; examples are discussed in this review. Another tendency is that drugs without proven efficiency are advertised, corresponding products patented and marketed as evidence-based medications. Professional publications are required to register drugs and dietary supplements to obtain permissions for the practical use; and such papers appeared, sometimes being of questionable reliability. Several examples are discussed in this review when substances without proven effects were patented and introduced into practice being supported by publications of questionable reliability. Some of the topics are not entirely clear; and the arguments provided here can induce a constructive discussion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Jargin
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Clementovski per 6-82, 115184 Moscow, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liang S, Wang Z, Yuan J, Zhang J, Dai X, Qin F, Zhang J, Sun Y. Rapid Identification of Tanshinone IIA Metabolites in an Amyloid-β 1-42 Induced Alzherimer's Disease Rat Model using UHPLC-Q-Exactive Qrbitrap Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142584. [PMID: 31315255 PMCID: PMC6680413 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that damages health and welfare of the elderly, and there has been no effective therapy for AD until now. It has been proved that tanshinone IIA (tan IIA) could alleviate pathological symptoms of AD via improving non-amyloidogenic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein, decreasing the accumulations of p-tau and amyloid-β1–42 (Aβ1–42), and so forth. However, the further biochemical mechanisms of tan IIA are not clear. The experiment was undertaken to explore metabolites of tan IIA in AD rats induced by microinjecting Aβ1-42 in the CA1 region of hippocampus. AD rats were orally administrated with tan IIA at 100 mg/kg weight, and plasma, urine, faeces, kidney, liver and brain were then collected for metabolites analysis by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Qrbitrap mass spectrometry. Consequently, a total of 37 metabolites were positively or putatively identified on the basis of mass fragmentation behavior, accurate mass measurements and retention times. As a result, methylation, hydroxylation, dehydration, decarbonylation, reduction reaction, glucuronidation, glycine linking and their composite reactions were characterized to illuminate metabolic pathways of tan IIA in vivo. Several metabolites presented differences in the distribution of tan IIA between the sham control and the AD model group. Overall, these results provided valuable references for research on metabolites of tan IIA in vivo and its probable active structure for exerting neuroprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiaqi Yuan
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xueling Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fei Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yaxuan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jargin SV. Calf hemodialysate hypothesis: Nutritive value plus placebo effect. Med Hypotheses 2017; 109:95-96. [PMID: 29150305 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Jargin
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Clementovski per 6-82, 115184 Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ziegler D, Edmundson S, Gurieva I, Mankovsky B, Papanas N, Strokov I. Predictors of response to treatment with actovegin for 6 months in patients with type 2 diabetes and symptomatic polyneuropathy. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:1181-1187. [PMID: 28438471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate two definitions of response and the predictive value of baseline covariates for response to actovegin treatment in type 2 diabetic patients with symptomatic diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN). METHODS Response to 6-months treatment with actovegin or placebo was defined as a clinically meaningful decline from baseline to 6months in (1) both Neuropathy Impairment Score of Lower Limbs (NIS-LL) ≥2 points and Total Symptom Score (TSS) >50% and (2) NIS-LL ≥2 points only. Nineteen baseline covariates were evaluated using separate logistic regression models and either both NIS-LL and TSS or NIS-LL response definitions. RESULTS Intention-to-treat analysis included 567 patients. Actovegin treatment compared to placebo was associated with better odds of response (OR [95% CI] of 1.73 [1.21-2.48] for definition 1 and 1.94 [1.33-2.84] for definition 2). Significant interaction with actovegin treatment was noted only for baseline use of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)/angiotensinogen converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), resulting in a reduced treatment response (P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Actovegin treatment was associated with a clinically meaningful response in neuropathic symptoms and/or impairments in patients with symptomatic DSPN. Since only one predictor of response to actovegin treatment was identified, this drug seems an appropriate therapy for the majority of patients with DSPN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ziegler
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | | | - Irina Gurieva
- Department of Endocrinology, Federal Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Boris Mankovsky
- Department of Diabetology, National Medical Academy for Postgraduate Education, Kiev, Ukraine.
| | - Nikolaos Papanas
- Diabetes Center, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Igor Strokov
- Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy, Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Administration of Huperzine A exerts antidepressant-like activity in a rat model of post-stroke depression. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017; 158:32-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
15
|
Guekht A, Skoog I, Edmundson S, Zakharov V, Korczyn AD. ARTEMIDA Trial (A Randomized Trial of Efficacy, 12 Months International Double-Blind Actovegin): A Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Efficacy of Actovegin in Poststroke Cognitive Impairment. Stroke 2017; 48:1262-1270. [PMID: 28432265 PMCID: PMC5404405 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.014321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background and Purpose— Poststroke cognitive impairment is a debilitating consequence of stroke. The aim of this study was to assess whether Actovegin confers cognitive benefit in patients who have had an ischemic stroke. Methods— This was a 12-month, parallel-group, randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Eligible patients were ≥60 years of age with a Montreal Cognitive Assessment test score of ≤25 points. Patients were randomized into 2 groups within 1 week of acute supratentorial ischemic stroke in a 1:1 ratio: Actovegin (a deproteinized hemoderivative of calf blood, 2000 mg/d for ≤20 intravenous infusions followed by 1200 mg/d orally) or placebo for 6 months. Patients were treated in accordance with standard clinical practice for a further 6 months. The primary end point was the change from baseline in Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale, cognitive subscale, extended version at 6 months. Results— Two-hundred forty-eight patients were randomized to Actovegin and 255 patients to placebo. At month 6, the least squares mean change from baseline in Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale, cognitive subscale, extended version was −6.8 for Actovegin and −4.6 for placebo; the estimated treatment difference was −2.3 (95% confidence interval, −3.9, −0.7; P=0.005). Recurrent ischemic stroke was the most frequently reported serious adverse event, with a nonsignificantly higher number for Actovegin versus placebo. Conclusions— Actovegin had a beneficial effect on cognitive outcomes in patients with poststroke cognitive impairment. The safety experience was consistent with the known safety and tolerability profile of the drug. These results warrant confirmation in additional robustly designed studies. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01582854.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alla Guekht
- From the Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Genetics, Russian National Research Medical University Moscow and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Russia (A.G.); Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (I.S.); Takeda Development Centre Europe, London, United Kingdom (S.E.); Department of Neurology, First Moscow State Medical University, Russia (V.Z.); and Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.D.K.).
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- From the Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Genetics, Russian National Research Medical University Moscow and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Russia (A.G.); Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (I.S.); Takeda Development Centre Europe, London, United Kingdom (S.E.); Department of Neurology, First Moscow State Medical University, Russia (V.Z.); and Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.D.K.)
| | - Sally Edmundson
- From the Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Genetics, Russian National Research Medical University Moscow and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Russia (A.G.); Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (I.S.); Takeda Development Centre Europe, London, United Kingdom (S.E.); Department of Neurology, First Moscow State Medical University, Russia (V.Z.); and Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.D.K.)
| | - Vladimir Zakharov
- From the Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Genetics, Russian National Research Medical University Moscow and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Russia (A.G.); Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (I.S.); Takeda Development Centre Europe, London, United Kingdom (S.E.); Department of Neurology, First Moscow State Medical University, Russia (V.Z.); and Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.D.K.)
| | - Amos D Korczyn
- From the Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Genetics, Russian National Research Medical University Moscow and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Russia (A.G.); Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (I.S.); Takeda Development Centre Europe, London, United Kingdom (S.E.); Department of Neurology, First Moscow State Medical University, Russia (V.Z.); and Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.D.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rehni AK, Liu A, Perez-Pinzon MA, Dave KR. Diabetic aggravation of stroke and animal models. Exp Neurol 2017; 292:63-79. [PMID: 28274862 PMCID: PMC5400679 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia in diabetics results in severe brain damage. Different animal models of cerebral ischemia have been used to study the aggravation of ischemic brain damage in the diabetic condition. Since different disease conditions such as diabetes differently affect outcome following cerebral ischemia, the Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable (STAIR) guidelines recommends use of diseased animals for evaluating neuroprotective therapies targeted to reduce cerebral ischemic damage. The goal of this review is to discuss the technicalities and pros/cons of various animal models of cerebral ischemia currently being employed to study diabetes-related ischemic brain damage. The rational use of such animal systems in studying the disease condition may better help evaluate novel therapeutic approaches for diabetes related exacerbation of ischemic brain damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish K Rehni
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Allen Liu
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Miguel A Perez-Pinzon
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kunjan R Dave
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bordet R, Ihl R, Korczyn AD, Lanza G, Jansa J, Hoerr R, Guekht A. Towards the concept of disease-modifier in post-stroke or vascular cognitive impairment: a consensus report. BMC Med 2017; 15:107. [PMID: 28539119 PMCID: PMC5444106 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0869-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a complex spectrum encompassing post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and small vessel disease-related cognitive impairment. Despite the growing health, social, and economic burden of VCI, to date, no specific treatment is available, prompting the introduction of the concept of a disease modifier. CONSENSUS AND SUGGESTIONS Within this clinical spectrum, VCI and PSCI remain advancing conditions as neurodegenerative diseases with progression of both vascular and degenerative lesions accounting for cognitive decline. Disease-modifying strategies should integrate both pharmacological and non-pharmacological multimodal approaches, with pleiotropic effects targeting (1) endothelial and brain-blood barrier dysfunction; (2) neuronal death and axonal loss; (3) cerebral plasticity and compensatory mechanisms; and (4) degenerative-related protein misfolding. Moreover, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment in PSCI or VCI requires valid study designs clearly stating the definition of basic methodological issues, such as the instruments that should be used to measure eventual changes, the biomarker-based stratification of participants to be investigated, and statistical tests, as well as the inclusion and exclusion criteria that should be applied. CONCLUSION A consensus emerged to propose the development of a disease-modifying strategy in VCI and PSCI based on pleiotropic pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Régis Bordet
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU, U1171 'Degenerative and vascular cognitive disorders', Lille, France.
- Département de Pharmacologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, 1 place Verdun, 59045, Lille Cedex, France.
| | - Ralf Ihl
- University of Duesseldorf, Alexian Research Center, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Amos D Korczyn
- Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Giuseppe Lanza
- Department of Neurology IC, Oasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, Italy
| | - Jelka Jansa
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Neurologic Hospital, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Hoerr
- Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alla Guekht
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Genetics, Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Stelmakh A, Abrahamovych O, Cherkas A. Highly purified calf hemodialysate (Actovegin®) may improve endothelial function by activation of proteasomes: A hypothesis explaining the possible mechanisms of action. Med Hypotheses 2016; 95:77-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
19
|
Wang HL, Liu H, Xue ZG, Liao QW, Fang H. Minocycline attenuates post-operative cognitive impairment in aged mice by inhibiting microglia activation. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1632-9. [PMID: 27061744 PMCID: PMC4988280 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is known that isoflurane exposure or surgery leads to post‐operative cognitive dysfunction in aged rodents, there are few clinical interventions and treatments available to prevent this disorder. Minocycline (MINO) produces neuroprotection from several neurodegenerative diseases and various experimental animal models. Therefore, we set out to investigate the effects of MINO pre‐treatment on isoflurane or surgery induced cognitive impairment in aged mice by assessing the hippocampal‐dependent spatial memory performance using the Morris water maze task. Hippocampal tissues were isolated from mice and evaluated by Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence procedures and protein array system. Our results elucidate that MINO down‐regulated the isoflurane‐induced and surgery‐induced enhancement in the protein levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)‐1β, interferon‐γ and microglia marker Iba‐1, and up‐regulated protein levels of the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐4 and IL‐10. These findings suggest that pre‐treatment with MINO attenuated isoflurane or surgery induced cognitive impairment by inhibiting the overactivation of microglia in aged mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Lin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang-Gang Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Wu Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kuznetsov MP, Fedin AI, Karalkin AV, Frolov KB, Kunitsin NV, Yumin SM, Kholopova EA, Knyazev AV. [The efficacy of pharmacological preconditioning in carotid endarterectomy]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2016; 116:34-41. [PMID: 27029445 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20161162134-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of pharmacological preconditioning with actovegin in carotid endarterectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was based on the results of surgical treatment of 80 patients with hemodynamically significant uni- and bilateral lesions of carotid arteries. Half of the patients was operated immediately and others after pharmacological preconditioning with actovegin in dose of 1200 mg/daily during 1,5 months. RESULTS Pharmacological preconditioning with actovegin increased the cerebral perfusion determined with one-photon emission computed tomography that improved significantly results of the surgery. There were significant changes in patient's state 7 days and 6 months after surgery. The improvement was correlated with the less number of asymptotic post-surgery ischemic strokes in different brain areas. CONCLUSION A positive role of pharmacological preconditioning with actovegin in surgical treatment of carotid artery stenosis has been demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M P Kuznetsov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow
| | - A I Fedin
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow
| | | | | | | | - S M Yumin
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow
| | - E A Kholopova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow
| | - A V Knyazev
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Pirogov City Hospital #1, Moscow
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu Y, Wang S, Luo S, Li Z, Liang F, Zhu Y, Pei Z, Huang R. Intravenous PEP-1-GDNF is protective after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Neurosci Lett 2016; 617:150-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
22
|
Tempel-Brami C, Schiffenbauer YS, Nyska A, Ezov N, Spector I, Abramovitch R, Maronpot RR. Practical Applications of in Vivo and ex Vivo MRI in Toxicologic Pathology Using a Novel High-performance Compact MRI System. Toxicol Pathol 2015; 43:633-50. [PMID: 25694086 DOI: 10.1177/0192623314568390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used in preclinical research and drug development and is a powerful noninvasive method for assessment of phenotypes and therapeutic efficacy in murine models of disease. In vivo MRI provides an opportunity for longitudinal evaluation of tissue changes and phenotypic expression in experimental animal models. Ex vivo MRI of fixed samples permits a thorough examination of multiple digital slices while leaving the specimen intact for subsequent conventional hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) histology. With the advent of new compact MRI systems that are designed to operate in most conventional labs without the cost, complexity, and infrastructure needs of conventional MRI systems, the possibility of MRI becoming a practical modality is now viable. The purpose of this study was to investigate the capabilities of a new compact, high-performance MRI platform (M2™; Aspect Imaging, Israel) as it relates to preclinical toxicology studies. This overview will provide examples of major organ system pathologies with an emphasis on how compact MRI can serve as an important adjunct to conventional pathology by nondestructively providing 3-dimensional (3-D) digital data sets, detailed morphological insights, and quantitative information. Comparative data using compact MRI for both in vivo and ex vivo are provided as well as validation using conventional H&E.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abraham Nyska
- Tel Aviv University and Consultant in Toxicologic Pathology, Timrat, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nati Ezov
- Harlan Biotech Israel, Nes Ziona, Israel
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|