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Zhou LN, Xiong C, Cheng YJ, Song SS, Bao XB, Huan XJ, Wang TY, Zhang A, Miao ZH, He JX. SOMCL-19-133, a novel, selective, and orally available inhibitor of NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) for cancer therapy. Neoplasia 2022; 32:100823. [PMID: 35907292 PMCID: PMC9352467 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE), the key E1 enzyme in the neddylation cascade, has been considered an attractive anticancer strategy with the discovery of the first-in-class NAE inhibitor, MLN4924. In this study, we identified SOMCL-19-133 as a highly potent, selective, and orally available NAE inhibitor, which is an analog to AMP. It effectively inhibited NAE with an IC50 value of 0.36 nM and exhibited more than 2855-fold selectivity over the closely related Ubiquitin-activating enzyme (UAE). It is worth noting that treatment with SOMCL-19-133 prominently inhibited Cullin neddylation and delayed the turnover of a panel of Cullin-RING ligases (CRLs) substrates (e.g., Cdt1, p21, p27, and Wee1) at lower effective concentrations than that of MLN4924, subsequently caused DNA damage and Chk1/Chk2 activation, and thus triggered cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, SOMCL-19-133 exhibited potent antiproliferative activity against a broad range of human tumor cell lines (mean IC50 201.11 nM), which was about 5.31-fold more potent than that of MLN4924. In vivo, oral delivery treatments with SOMCL-19-133, as well as the subcutaneous injection, led to significant tumor regression in mouse xenograft models. All of the treatments were well tolerated on a continuous daily dosing schedule. Compared with MLN4924, SOMCL-19-133 had a 5-fold higher peak plasma concentration, lower plasma clearance, and a 4-fold larger area under the curve (AUClast). In conclusion, SOMCL-19-133 is a promising preclinical candidate for treating cancers owing to its profound in vitro and in vivo efficacy and favorable pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Chaodong Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, China; Pharm-X Center, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Jun Cheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shan-Shan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Bin Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Xia-Juan Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Tong-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, China; Pharm-X Center, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, China.
| | - Ze-Hong Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, China.
| | - Jin-Xue He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Abstract
Cullin 4A (CUL4A) is a protein of E3 ubiquitin ligase with many cellular processes. CUL4A could regulate cell cycle, development, apoptosis, and genome instability. This study aimed to analyze the expression of CUL4A in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissues and the associations of CUL4A expression with prognostic significance. A total of 115 NPC patients were collected to assess the protein expression of CUL4A by immunohistochemistry, so as to analyze the relationships between CUL4A expression and clinicopathological and prognostic parameters. All patients were followed-up until death or 5 years. The results showed that high expression of CUL4A was significantly associated with larger primary tumor size (P = .026), higher nodal status (P = .013), more distant metastasis (P = .020), and higher TNM stage (P = .005). Kaplan-Meier curves showed that patients with higher CUL4A expression had significantly shorter overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) (both P < .001). In multivariate Cox analysis, CUL4A is an independent prognostic factor for OS (P = .016; hazard ratio [HR] = 2.770, 95% CI: 1.208-6.351) and PFS (P = .022; HR = 2.311, 95% CI: 1.126-4.743). In conclusion, high expression of CUL4A was associated with advanced disease status of NPC, and might serve as an independent prognostic factor.
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Feng P, Zhang W, Chu Y, Li J, Yang J. Inhibition of CLU4A exhibits a cardioprotective role in hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury by an ERK-dependent pathway. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:2157-2165. [PMID: 31934038 PMCID: PMC6949645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
CLU4A is identified as a proto-oncogene in various human cancers. CLU4A was reported to be up-regulated in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, but the precise role of CLU4A played in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury remains unknown; and the underlying mechanism of CLU4A in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury needs to be investigated. CLU4A expression was measured after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in mice and in H9C2 cells with hypoxia/reoxygenation treatment by q-PCR and western blotting. The cardioprotective effect of CLU4A inhibition was detected by monitoring the cell viability, cell apoptosis, and LDH activity in vitro and in vivo, and examining the infarct size and cardiac function in vivo. The molecular mechanism was further determined by examining the effects of PD98059, a specific inhibitor of the ERK signaling pathways in H9C2 cells with hypoxia/reoxygenation treatment. CLU4A expression was up-regulated after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in mice and in H9C2 cells with hypoxia/reoxygenation treatment. Inhibition of CLU4A improved the cell viability, restrained the cell apoptosis, and suppressed LDH activity in vitro. Consistently, knockdown of CLU4A reduced the myocardial infarct size and improved cardiac function in vivo. si-CLU4A treatment increased phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) in vitro, but the protection role of si-CLU4A was abolished by the ERK inhibitor, PD98059. In conclusion, CLU4A expression was up-regulated in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. Inhibition of CLU4A exhibited a cardioprotective role by an ERK-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yi Chu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jingxiao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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Cheng J, Guo J, North BJ, Tao K, Zhou P, Wei W. The emerging role for Cullin 4 family of E3 ligases in tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1871:138-159. [PMID: 30602127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As a member of the Cullin-RING ligase family, Cullin-RING ligase 4 (CRL4) has drawn much attention due to its broad regulatory roles under physiological and pathological conditions, especially in neoplastic events. Based on evidence from knockout and transgenic mouse models, human clinical data, and biochemical interactions, we summarize the distinct roles of the CRL4 E3 ligase complexes in tumorigenesis, which appears to be tissue- and context-dependent. Notably, targeting CRL4 has recently emerged as a noval anti-cancer strategy, including thalidomide and its derivatives that bind to the substrate recognition receptor cereblon (CRBN), and anticancer sulfonamides that target DCAF15 to suppress the neoplastic proliferation of multiple myeloma and colorectal cancers, respectively. To this end, PROTACs have been developed as a group of engineered bi-functional chemical glues that induce the ubiquitination-mediated degradation of substrates via recruiting E3 ligases, such as CRL4 (CRBN) and CRL2 (pVHL). We summarize the recent major advances in the CRL4 research field towards understanding its involvement in tumorigenesis and further discuss its clinical implications. The anti-tumor effects using the PROTAC approach to target the degradation of undruggable targets are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jianping Guo
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Brian J North
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Pengbo Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Hsu PC, Yang CT, Jablons DM, You L. The Role of Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) in Regulating Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) in Thoracic Cancer. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6040114. [PMID: 30544524 PMCID: PMC6315659 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6040114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)/PD-1 pathway is an immunological checkpoint in cancer cells. The binding of PD-L1 and PD-1 promotes T-cell tolerance and helps tumor cells escape from host immunity. Immunotherapy targeting the PD-L1/PD-1 axis has been developed as an anti-cancer therapy and used in treating advanced human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a key mediator of the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway, and plays important roles in promoting cancer development, drug resistance and metastasis in human NSCLC and MPM. YAP has been suggested as a new therapeutic target in NSCLC and MPM. The role of YAP in regulating tumor immunity such as PD-L1 expression has just begun to be explored, and the correlation between YAP-induced tumorigenesis and host anti-tumor immune responses is not well known. Here, we review recent studies investigating the correlation between YAP and PD-L1 and demonstrating the mechanism by which YAP regulates PD-L1 expression in human NSCLC and MPM. Future work should focus on the interactions between Hippo/YAP signaling pathways and the immune checkpoint PD-L1/PD-1 pathway. The development of new synergistic drugs for immune checkpoint PD-L1/PD-1 blockade in NSCLC and MPM is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chih Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Ta Yang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
| | - David M Jablons
- Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
| | - Liang You
- Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
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Solanki A, Lau CI, Saldaña JI, Ross S, Crompton T. The transcription factor Gli3 promotes B cell development in fetal liver through repression of Shh. J Exp Med 2017; 214:2041-2058. [PMID: 28533268 PMCID: PMC5502423 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Solanki et al. show that stromal activity of the transcription factor Gli3 is required for B cell development in the fetal liver. Gli3 functions to repress Shh expression, and Shh signals to developing B cells to regulate their development at multiple developmental stages. Before birth, B cells develop in the fetal liver (FL). In this study, we show that Gli3 activity in the FL stroma is required for B cell development. In the Gli3-deficient FL, B cell development was reduced at multiple stages, whereas the Sonic hedgehog (Hh [Shh])–deficient FL showed increased B cell development, and Gli3 functioned to repress Shh transcription. Use of a transgenic Hh-reporter mouse showed that Shh signals directly to developing B cells and that Hh pathway activation was increased in developing B cells from Gli3-deficient FLs. RNA sequencing confirmed that Hh-mediated transcription is increased in B-lineage cells from Gli3-deficient FL and showed that these cells expressed reduced levels of B-lineage transcription factors and B cell receptor (BCR)/pre-BCR–signaling genes. Expression of the master regulators of B cell development Ebf1 and Pax5 was reduced in developing B cells from Gli3-deficient FL but increased in Shh-deficient FL, and in vitro Shh treatment or neutralization reduced or increased their expression, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Solanki
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, England, UK
| | - Ching-In Lau
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, England, UK
| | - José Ignacio Saldaña
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, England, UK.,School of Health, Sport, and Bioscience, University of East London, London, England, UK
| | - Susan Ross
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, England, UK
| | - Tessa Crompton
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, England, UK
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Nabavi N, Bennewith KL, Churg A, Wang Y, Collins CC, Mutti L. Switching off malignant mesothelioma: exploiting the hypoxic microenvironment. Genes Cancer 2016; 7:340-354. [PMID: 28191281 PMCID: PMC5302036 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesotheliomas are aggressive, asbestos-related cancers with poor patient prognosis, typically arising in the mesothelial surfaces of tissues in pleural and peritoneal cavity. The relative unspecific symptoms of mesotheliomas, misdiagnoses, and lack of precise targeted therapies call for a more critical assessment of this disease. In the present review, we categorize commonly identified genomic aberrations of mesotheliomas into their canonical pathways and discuss targeting these pathways in the context of tumor hypoxia, a hallmark of cancer known to render solid tumors more resistant to radiation and most chemo-therapy. We then explore the concept that the intrinsic hypoxic microenvironment of mesotheliomas can be Achilles' heel for targeted, multimodal therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Nabavi
- Laboratory for Advanced Genome Analysis, Vancouver Prostate Centre, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, BC, Canada
| | - Kevin L. Bennewith
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew Churg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, BC, Canada
| | - Colin C. Collins
- Laboratory for Advanced Genome Analysis, Vancouver Prostate Centre, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Luciano Mutti
- Italian Group for Research and Therapy for Mesothelioma (GIMe) & School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Han X, Fang Z, Wang H, Jiao R, Zhou J, Fang N. CUL4A functions as an oncogene in ovarian cancer and is directly regulated by miR-494. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 480:675-681. [PMID: 27983981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cullin 4A (CUL4A), as a well-defined oncogene, has been reported to be upregulated in ovarian cancer clinically. However, the biological functions of CUL4A and the molecular mechanism underlying its upregulation in ovarian cancer remains unknown throughly. Here, we show that expression of CUL4A is significantly higher in ovarian cancer tissues compared to corresponding non-cancerous tissues. Moreover, silencing of CUL4A by siRNA markedly inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We identified CUL4A as a novel target gene of miR-494. Further investigations showed that miR-494 was remarkably downregulated and correlated with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. Overexpression of miR-494 inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of ovarian cancer cells by directly suppressing CUL4A expression. Therefore, our findings indicate that miR-494/CUL4A axis is important in the control of ovarian cancer tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoni Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330003, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ziling Fang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Rongfang Jiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330003, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330003, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Nian Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330003, Jiangxi Province, China.
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9
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Hung MS, Chen IC, You L, Jablons DM, Li YC, Mao JH, Xu Z, Lung JH, Yang CT, Liu ST. Knockdown of cullin 4A inhibits growth and increases chemosensitivity in lung cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1295-306. [PMID: 26969027 PMCID: PMC4929302 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cullin 4A (Cul4A) has been observed to be overexpressed in various cancers. In this study, the role of Cul4A in the growth and chemosensitivity in lung cancer cells were studied. We showed that Cul4A is overexpressed in lung cancer cells and tissues. Knockdown of the Cul4A expression by shRNA in lung cancer cells resulted in decreased cellular proliferation and growth in lung cancer cells. Increased sensitivity to gemcitabine, a chemotherapy drug, was also noted in those Cul4A knockdown lung cancer cells. Moreover, increased expression of p21, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β inducible early gene-1 (TIEG1) and TGF beta-induced (TGFBI) was observed in lung cancer cells after Cul4A knockdown, which may be partially related to increased chemosensitivity to gemcitabine. G0/G1 cell cycle arrest was also noted after Cul4A knockdown. Notably, decreased tumour growth and increased chemosensitivity to gemcitabine were also noted after Cul4A knockdown in lung cancer xenograft nude mice models. In summary, our study showed that targeting Cul4A with RNAi or other techniques may provide a possible insight to the development of lung cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Szu Hung
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - I-Chuan Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Liang You
- Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David M Jablons
- Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ya-Chin Li
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Hua Mao
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Zhidong Xu
- Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jr-Hau Lung
- Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ta Yang
- Department of Respiratory Care, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Tung Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Li X, Xu R, Liu H, Fang K. CUL4A expression in pediatric osteosarcoma tissues and its effect on cell growth in osteosarcoma cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:8139-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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