1
|
Levesque MV, Hla T. Signal Transduction and Gene Regulation in the Endothelium. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2023; 13:cshperspect.a041153. [PMID: 35667710 PMCID: PMC9722983 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular signals act on G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to regulate homeostasis and adapt to stress. This involves rapid intracellular post-translational responses and long-lasting gene-expression changes that ultimately determine cellular phenotype and fate changes. The lipid mediator sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and its receptors (S1PRs) are examples of well-studied GPCR signaling axis essential for vascular development, homeostasis, and diseases. The biochemical cascades involved in rapid S1P signaling are well understood. However, gene-expression regulation by S1PRs are less understood. In this review, we focus our attention to how S1PRs regulate nuclear chromatin changes and gene transcription to modulate vascular and lymphatic endothelial phenotypic changes during embryonic development and adult homeostasis. Because S1PR-targeted drugs approved for use in the treatment of autoimmune diseases cause substantial vascular-related adverse events, these findings are critical not only for general understanding of stimulus-evoked gene regulation in the vascular endothelium, but also for therapeutic development of drugs for autoimmune and perhaps vascular diseases.
Collapse
|
2
|
Lai Y, Tian Y, You X, Du J, Huang J. Effects of sphingolipid metabolism disorders on endothelial cells. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:101. [PMID: 36229882 PMCID: PMC9563846 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01701-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cardiovascular disorders, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, etc., are characterized by endothelial cell dysfunction. Endothelial cell function is closely related to sphingolipid metabolism, and normal sphingolipid metabolism is critical for maintaining endothelial cell homeostasis. Sphingolipid metabolites or key enzymes in abnormal situation, including sphingosine, ceramide (Cer), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), serine, sphingosine kinase (SPHK), ceramide kinase (Cerk), sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (S1PL) etc., may have a protective or damaging effect on the function of endothelial cells. This review summarizes the effects of sphingolipid metabolites and key enzymes disordering in sphingolipid metabolism on endothelial cells, offering some insights into further research on the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and corresponding therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Lai
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Tian
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xintong You
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangnan Du
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmei Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiong F, Mao R, Zhao R, Zhang L, Tan K, Liu C, Wang S, Xu M, Li Y, Zhang T. Plasma Exosomal S1PR5 and CARNS1 as Potential Non-invasive Screening Biomarkers of Coronary Heart Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:845673. [PMID: 35837598 PMCID: PMC9273894 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.845673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early diagnosis and treatment significantly improve the prognosis of coronary heart disease (CHD), but no convenient screening tools are available. This study aims to find potential non-invasive screening biomarkers of coronary heart disease. Method We performed microarray analysis to investigate the mRNA expression levels in Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and screen significantly differentially expressed mRNAs in CHD patients vs. non-CHD patients. We then performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to validate the microarray results, and we calculated the correlations between expression levels and clinicopathological data. Microarray analysis identified 72 downregulated mRNAs and 31 upregulated mRNAs in CHD patients relative to non-CHD patients. Results From the study, we found that upregulated sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 5 (S1PR5) and downregulated carnosine synthase 1 (CARNS1) had the most significant differences between the patient group and the control group. S1PR5 expression was correlated with diabetes, heart rate, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and fasting blood glucose (P < 0.05). CARNS1 level was correlated with uric acid (UA) (P < 0.05). Overexpressed S1PR5 and downregulated CARNS1 were independent risk factors for CHD. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of S1PR5 was 0.838 for diagnosing CHD; the AUC of CARNS1 was 0.883 for non-CHD; and the AUC of S1PR5 plus CARNS1 was 0.921 for CHD. Conclusions Microarray analysis showed that upregulated S1PR5 and downregulated CARNS1 in sEVs have the potential to become non-invasive biomarkers for CHD screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute of Chengdu, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Mao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruohan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute of Chengdu, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute of Chengdu, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Kunyue Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute of Chengdu, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunxia Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute of Chengdu, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuzhen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute of Chengdu, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute of Chengdu, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Department of General Surgery, Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Tongtong Zhang
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hu J, Wu W, Yu M, Xia Z, Gao C. MicroRNA-340-5p inhibits endothelial apoptosis, inflammatory response, and pro-coagulation by targeting KDM4C in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-mediated glomerulonephritis through activation of B cells. Autoimmunity 2021; 54:343-352. [PMID: 34121556 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2021.1937609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, a class of systemic autoimmune diseases, results in damage of various critical organs including kidneys, lungs, eyes, and nervous system. MicroRNA-340-5p was confirmed to be downregulated in autoimmune pathogenesis. However, the role of miR-340-5p remains unknown in ANCA-induced glomerulonephritis (GN). The current study aimed to explore the role of miR-340-5p in ANCA-induced GN. The animal models of ANCA-induced GN was established by experimental autoimmune vasculitis (EAV) operation. The primary glomerular endothelial cells (PGEnCs) were treated with anti-myeloperoxidase (anti-MPO) to mimic cell injury in vitro. The renal function was analysed by measuring serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, urine blood, urine protein and urine leukocytes. The levels of RNA and proteins were examined by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis, respectively. The binding capacity between miR-340-5p and KDM4C was detected by luciferase reporter assay. Cell apoptosis was analysed by flow cytometry in vitro. Cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay. The cleaved caspase-3 activity was analysed by immunofluorescent assay. Cell inflammation was measured by western blot. Cell procoagulant activity was assessed by FXa generation assay. The histological changes of renal tissues were assessed by Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining assay. The correlation between miR-340-5p and KDM4C level (or content of TNF-α and IL-6) was analysed by Pearson correlation analysis. The injection of anti-MPO IgG induced a significant elevation of Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen in serum, as well as urine blood, urine protein and urine leukocytes. Importantly, KDM4C was downregulated in model group. In mechanism, we identified that miR-340-5p bound with KDM4C 3'untranslated region (UTR), negatively regulated KDM4C in endothelial cells and negatively correlated with KDM4C in serum of GN rats. In function, we found that miR-340-5p promoted B cell activation and proliferation by downregulating KDM4C. The in vitro assays showed that the decrease of cell viability induced by anti-MPO was reversed by miR-340-5p overexpression, and further reduced by KDM4C overexpression. Inversely, the suppressive effects of miR-340-5p mimics on cell apoptosis, cleaved caspase-3 activity, inflammatory response and pro-coagulation were countervailed by KDM4C overexpression in anti-MPO-treated cells. The in vivo assays validated that miR-340-5p overexpression mitigated the impairment of renal function, and histological changes induced by anti-MPO IgG injection in model group. Finally, we found the negative correlation between miR-340-5p and TNF-α (or IL-6) content in serum of GN rats. In conclusion, we found that miR-340-5p inhibited endothelial apoptosis and inflammatory response by targeting KDM4C in ANCA-mediated GN through activation of B cells, implying a potential novel insight for treatment of ANCA-mediated GN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Longgang District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengkun Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunlin Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Drexler Y, Molina J, Mitrofanova A, Fornoni A, Merscher S. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Metabolism and Signaling in Kidney Diseases. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:9-31. [PMID: 33376112 PMCID: PMC7894665 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020050697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, sphingolipids and sphingolipid metabolites have gained attention because of their essential role in the pathogenesis and progression of kidney diseases. Studies in models of experimental and clinical nephropathies have described accumulation of sphingolipids and sphingolipid metabolites, and it has become clear that the intracellular sphingolipid composition of renal cells is an important determinant of renal function. Proper function of the glomerular filtration barrier depends heavily on the integrity of lipid rafts, which include sphingolipids as key components. In addition to contributing to the structural integrity of membranes, sphingolipid metabolites, such as sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), play important roles as second messengers regulating biologic processes, such as cell growth, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. This review will focus on the role of S1P in renal cells and how aberrant extracellular and intracellular S1P signaling contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of kidney diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Drexler
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension/Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sphingosine-1-phosphate in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: coagulation-related clinical indicators and complications. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:226723. [PMID: 33083841 PMCID: PMC7601353 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) plays a significant role in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). METHODS We collected the plasma samples from 40 patients with AAV and 10 healthy volunteers. The plasma levels of S1P were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of serum creatinine (Scr) were tested by rate method, and then the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of the patients was calculated from the Scr, age, and gender. Prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen (FIB), fibrinogen reduction product (FDP), D-dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP) were tested by turbidimetric inhibition immunoassays. Platelets (PLTs) were tested by fluorescently labeled electrical impedance method. RESULTS The plasma levels of S1P were significantly higher in AAV patients than in healthy volunteers. Correlation analysis showed that plasma levels of S1P were negatively correlated with glomerular filtration (P=0.022, r = -0.306), and positively correlated with circulating levels of Birmingham vasculitis activity score (BVAS), PLT and D-dimer, (P=0.004, r = 0.443; P<0.001, r = 0.654; P=0.006, r = 0.427). The 40 patients with AAV were classified into three groups: the thromboembolism group (with complications of cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction, n=6), cerebral ischemia group (n=4), and cerebral hemorrhage group (n=2). The plasma levels of S1P were highest in the thromboembolism group and lowest in the cerebral hemorrhage group (P=0.003). CONCLUSIONS Plasma levels of S1P were associated with circulating levels of D-dimer, PLT and BVAS in the patients with AAV. Hence, plasma S1P level can be used as a biomarker to predict coagulation-related complications in AAV.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator FTY720 attenuates experimental myeloperoxidase-ANCA vasculitis in a T cell-dependent manner. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1475-1489. [PMID: 32538435 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a pleiotropic lysosphingolipid derived from the metabolism of plasma membrane lipids. The interaction between S1P and its ubiquitously expressed G-protein-coupled receptors (S1PR1-5) is crucial in many pathophysiological processes. Emerging evidence suggested a potential role for S1P receptors in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). In the present study, we investigated the effects of three different S1P receptors modulators (FTY720, SEW2871 and TY52156) in a recognized rat model of experimental autoimmune vasculitis (EAV). The effects of treatments were evaluated with clinico-pathological parameters including hematuria, proteinuria, crescent formation, pulmonary hemorrhage, etc. In vitro functional studies were performed in a Jurkat T-cell line following stimulations of serum from myeloperoxidase-AAV patients. We found that only the FTY720 treatment significantly alleviated hematuria and proteinuria, and diminished glomerular crescent formation, renal tubulointerstitial lesions and pulmonary hemorrhage in EAV. The attenuation was accompanied by less renal T-cell infiltration, up-regulated mRNA of S1PR1 and down-regulated IL-1β in kidneys, but not altered circulating ANCA levels, suggesting that the therapeutic effects of FTY720 were B-cell independent. Further in vitro studies demonstrated that FTY720 incubation could significantly inhibit the proliferation, adhesion, and migration, and increase apoptosis of T cells. In conclusion, the S1P modulator FTY720 could attenuate EAV through the reduction and inhibition of T cells, which might become a novel treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis.
Collapse
|
8
|
Xie T, Chen C, Peng Z, Brown BC, Reisz JA, Xu P, Zhou Z, Song A, Zhang Y, Bogdanov MV, Kellems RE, D'Alessandro A, Zhang W, Xia Y. Erythrocyte Metabolic Reprogramming by Sphingosine 1-Phosphate in Chronic Kidney Disease and Therapies. Circ Res 2020; 127:360-375. [PMID: 32284030 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.316298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hypoxia promotes renal damage and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The erythrocyte is the only cell type for oxygen (O2) delivery. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)-a highly enriched biolipid in erythrocytes-is recently reported to be induced under high altitude in normal humans to enhance O2 delivery. However, nothing is known about erythrocyte S1P in CKD. OBJECTIVE To investigate the function and metabolic basis of erythrocyte S1P in CKD with a goal to explore potential therapeutics. METHODS AND RESULTS Using erythrocyte-specific SphK1 (sphingosine kinase 1; the only enzyme to produce S1P in erythrocytes) knockout mice (eSphK1-/-) in an experimental model of hypertensive CKD with Ang II (angiotensin II) infusion, we found severe renal hypoxia, hypertension, proteinuria, and fibrosis in Ang II-infused eSphk1-/- mice compared with controls. Untargeted metabolomics profiling and in vivo U-13C6 isotopically labeled glucose flux analysis revealed that SphK1 is required for channeling glucose metabolism toward glycolysis versus pentose phosphate pathway, resulting in enhanced erythroid-specific Rapoport-Luebering shunt in Ang II-infused mice. Mechanistically, increased erythrocyte S1P functioning intracellularly activates AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) 1α and BPGM (bisphosphoglycerate mutase) by reducing ceramide/S1P ratio and inhibiting PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A), leading to increased 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (an erythrocyte-specific metabolite negatively regulating Hb [hemoglobin]-O2-binding affinity) production and thus more O2 delivery to counteract kidney hypoxia and progression to CKD. Preclinical studies revealed that an AMPK agonist or a PP2A inhibitor rescued the severe CKD phenotype in Ang II-infused eSphK1-/- mice and prevented development of CKD in the control mice by inducing 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate production and thus enhancing renal oxygenation. Translational research validated mouse findings in erythrocytes of hypertensive CKD patients and cultured human erythrocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our study elucidates the beneficial role of eSphk1-S1P in hypertensive CKD by channeling glucose metabolism toward Rapoport-Luebering shunt and inducing 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate production and O2 delivery via a PP2A-AMPK1α signaling pathway. These findings reveal the metabolic and molecular basis of erythrocyte S1P in CKD and new therapeutic avenues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xie
- From the Rheumatology and Immunology (T.X.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.X., C.C., P.X., A.S., Y.Z., M.V.B., R.E.K., W.Z., Y.X.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston
| | - Changhan Chen
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (C.C.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.X., C.C., P.X., A.S., Y.Z., M.V.B., R.E.K., W.Z., Y.X.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston
| | - Zhangzhe Peng
- Nephrology (Z.P.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Benjamin C Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (B.C.B., J.A.R., A.D.)
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (B.C.B., J.A.R., A.D.)
| | - Ping Xu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.X., C.C., P.X., A.S., Y.Z., M.V.B., R.E.K., W.Z., Y.X.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine (Z.Z.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston
| | - Anren Song
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.X., C.C., P.X., A.S., Y.Z., M.V.B., R.E.K., W.Z., Y.X.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston
| | - Yujin Zhang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.X., C.C., P.X., A.S., Y.Z., M.V.B., R.E.K., W.Z., Y.X.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston
| | - Mikhail V Bogdanov
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.X., C.C., P.X., A.S., Y.Z., M.V.B., R.E.K., W.Z., Y.X.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston
| | - Rodney E Kellems
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.X., C.C., P.X., A.S., Y.Z., M.V.B., R.E.K., W.Z., Y.X.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston.,MDAnderson-UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX (R.E.K., Y.X.)
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (B.C.B., J.A.R., A.D.)
| | - Weiru Zhang
- General Medicine (W.Z.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.X., C.C., P.X., A.S., Y.Z., M.V.B., R.E.K., W.Z., Y.X.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston
| | - Yang Xia
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.X., C.C., P.X., A.S., Y.Z., M.V.B., R.E.K., W.Z., Y.X.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston.,MDAnderson-UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX (R.E.K., Y.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun XJ, Chen M, Zhao MH. Thrombin Contributes to Anti-myeloperoxidase Antibody Positive IgG-Mediated Glomerular Endothelial Cells Activation Through SphK1-S1P-S1PR3 Signaling. Front Immunol 2019; 10:237. [PMID: 30891029 PMCID: PMC6413724 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Activation of coagulation system plays an important role in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) pathogenesis. Thrombin, generated during coagulation could disrupt endothelial barrier integrity through protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1). Our previous study found that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) contributed to myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA-positive IgG-induced glomerular endothelial cell (GEnC) activation through a S1P receptor (S1PR)-dependent route. In recent years, S1P signaling was reported to be involved in thrombin effects on endothelial cells. This current study investigated whether the interaction between thrombin-PAR and S1P-S1PR signaling contributed to MPO-ANCA-positive IgG-induced GEnC dysfunction. Methods: The effect of thrombin on GEnC activation was analyzed from three aspects. First, morphological alteration of GEnCs was observed. Second, permeability assay was performed to determine GEnC monolayer activation quantitatively. Third, endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels were measured. Expression levels of sphingosine kinases (SphKs) and S1PRs were detected. In addition, antagonists of PAR1 and S1PR3 were employed to determine their roles. Eventually, PAR1 and tissue factor (TF) expression levels as well as TF procoagulant activity were analyzed. Results: Thrombin induced further damage of tight junction, increase in endothelial monolayer permeability as well as upregulation of ET-1 levels in GEnCs stimulated with MPO-ANCA-positive IgG. Blocking PAR1 downregulated ET-1 levels in the supernatants of GEnCs treated by thrombin plus MPO-ANCA-positive IgG. Expression levels of SphK1, S1PR3 increased significantly in GEnCs treated with thrombin plus MPO-ANCA-positive IgG. S1P upregulated PAR1 and TF expression, and enhanced procoagulant activity of TF in MPO-ANCA-positive IgG-stimulated GEnCs. Conclusion: Thrombin synergized with SphK1-S1P-S1PR3 signaling pathway to enhance MPO-ANCA-positive IgG-mediated GEnC activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Sun
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University, First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University, First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Hui Zhao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University, First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sun XJ, Chen M, Zhao MH. Rho GTPases are involved in S1P-enhanced glomerular endothelial cells activation with anti-myeloperoxidase antibody positive IgG. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4550-4554. [PMID: 29993181 PMCID: PMC6111853 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) is a crucial regulator in vascular inflammation. Our recent study found that under pathophysiological concentration in active anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)‐associated vasculitis (AAV), S1P participated in MPO‐ANCA‐positive IgG‐induced glomerular endothelial cell (GEnC) activation via a S1P receptor (S1PR)‐dependent way. However, the downstream signalling pathways are not fully clear yet. In this study, we demonstrated that Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) signalling pathways, RhoA and Rac1 in particular, were implicated in MPO‐ANCA‐positive IgG‐mediated GEnCs activation enhanced by pathophysiological concentration of S1P in AAV. These results provide mechanistic insights into vascular barrier dysfunction in AAV, which may facilitate the development of effective therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Sun
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Hui Zhao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|