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Characteristics of circulating adaptive immune cells in patients with colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18166. [PMID: 36307548 PMCID: PMC9616942 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23190-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immune cells prevent solid tumor progression by targeting and killing tumor cells. However, there are no comprehensive studies on peripheral circulating adaptive immune cell characterization in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients or the effect of tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stages on these cells. In this study, the number, phenotype, and function of different subsets of circulating adaptive immune cells in peripheral blood of CRC patients were analyzed. We found remarkable differences in CRC patients compared with those in healthy controls, including reduced absolute counts of total T cells, helper T lymphocytes (Th), cytotoxic T lymphocytes (Tc), and double-negative T lymphocytes, a decreased proportion of INF-γ+ cells in total T cells and Th, and increased percentages of B cells, plasmablasts, and activated T cells. Compared with early-stage CRC patients, advanced-stage CRC patients showed more severe immunosenescence, which manifested as decreased proportions of CD8+ naive T cells with strong proliferative ability and CD8+ central memory T cells with immune surveillance function. Proportions and absolute counts of CD8+ and CD4+ terminally differentiated effector memory T cells were increased, indicating immunosenescence. The immune cell characteristics analyzed in this study serve as a starting point for further research to determine potential clinical implications.
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2
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Han Q, Wang M, Dong X, Wei F, Luo Y, Sun X. Non-coding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma: Insights into regulatory mechanisms, clinical significance, and therapeutic potential. Front Immunol 2022; 13:985815. [PMID: 36300115 PMCID: PMC9590653 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.985815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a complex and heterogeneous malignancy with high incidence and poor prognosis. In addition, owing to the lack of diagnostic and prognostic markers, current multimodal treatment options fail to achieve satisfactory outcomes. Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, metastasis, metabolism, and drug resistance are important factors influencing tumor development and therapy. The intercellular communication of these important processes is mediated by a variety of bioactive molecules to regulate pathophysiological processes in recipient cells. Among these bioactive molecules, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), account for a large part of the human transcriptome, and their dysregulation affects the progression of HCC. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the potential regulatory mechanisms of ncRNAs in HCC, summarize novel biomarkers from somatic fluids (plasma/serum/urine), and explore the potential of some small-molecule modulators as drugs. Thus, through this review, we aim to contribute to a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms, early diagnosis, prognosis, and precise treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Han
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengchen Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Dong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wei
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Luo, ; Xiaobo Sun,
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Luo, ; Xiaobo Sun,
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3
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Tan R, Nie M, Long W. The role of B cells in cancer development. Front Oncol 2022; 12:958756. [PMID: 36033455 PMCID: PMC9403891 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.958756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells play a critical role in adaptive immune responses mainly due to antigen presentation and antibody production. Studies about the tumor-infiltrating immune cells so far demonstrated that the function of B cells in tumor immunity is quite different among various tumor types. The antigen presentation of B cells is mainly anti-tumoral, while the role of antibody production is controversial. Moreover, the immunosuppressive regulatory B cells are detrimental to anti-tumor immunity via the secretion of various anti-inflammatory cytokines. This review briefly summarizes the different roles of B cells classified by the primary function of B cells, antigen presentation, antibody production, and immunity regulation. Further, it discusses the potential therapeutic target of B cells in tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongying Tan
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Manhua Nie
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Wang Long, ; Manhua Nie,
| | - Wang Long
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Wang Long, ; Manhua Nie,
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4
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Zhu Y, Zhang X, Xie S, Bao W, Chen J, Wu Q, Lai X, Liu L, Xiong S, Peng Y. Oxidative Phosphorylation Regulates Interleukin-10 Production in Regulatory B Cells via the Extracellular Signal-related Kinase Pathway. Immunol Suppl 2022; 167:576-589. [PMID: 35899990 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are immune cells that constrain autoimmune response and restrict inflammation via their expression of interleukin (IL)-10. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying Breg differentiation and IL-10 secretion remain unclear. Previous data suggest that cellular metabolism determines both the fate and function of these cells. Here, we suggest an essential role for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the regulation of IL-10 in these Bregs. We found that IL-10+ B cells from IL-10-green fluorescent protein-expressing mice had higher oxygen consumption rate than IL-10- B cells. In addition, inhibition of OXPHOS decreased the expression of IL-10 in B cells. Further, suppression of OXPHOS diminished the expression of surface markers for Bregs and impaired their therapeutic effects in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Mechanistically, mitochondrial OXPHOS was found to regulate the transcription factor HIF-1α through the extracellular signal-related kinase pathway. Taken together, this study reveals a strong correlation between mitochondrial OXPHOS and Breg phenotype/function, indicating OXPHOS as a therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases driven by Breg dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhong Zhu
- The Biotherapy Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shujuan Xie
- The Biotherapy Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijia Bao
- Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen U niversity, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingrou Chen
- The Biotherapy Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qili Wu
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, 106 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Lai
- Department of Oncology Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longshan Liu
- Organ Transplant Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiqiu Xiong
- Cell Biology group, National Measurement Lab, LGC. Fordham, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Yanwen Peng
- The Biotherapy Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Flores-Borja F, Blair P. "Mechanisms of induction of regulatory B cells in the tumour microenvironment and their contribution to immunosuppression and pro-tumour responses". Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 209:33-45. [PMID: 35350071 PMCID: PMC9307227 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of tumour-infiltrating immune cells was originally associated with the induction of anti-tumour responses and good a prognosis. A more refined characterization of the tumour microenvironment has challenged this original idea and evidence now exists pointing to a critical role for immune cells in the modulation of anti-tumour responses and the induction of a tolerant pro-tumour environment. The coordinated action of diverse immunosuppressive populations, both innate and adaptive, shapes a variety of pro-tumour responses leading to tumour progression and metastasis. Regulatory B cells have emerged as critical modulators and suppressors of anti-tumour responses. As reported in autoimmunity and infection studies, Bregs are a heterogeneous population with diverse phenotypes and different mechanisms of action. Here we review recent studies on Bregs from animal models and patients, covering a variety of types of cancer. We describe the heterogeneity of Bregs, the cellular interactions they make with other immune cells and the tumour itself, and their mechanism of suppression that enables tumour escape. We also discuss the potential therapeutic tools that may inhibit Bregs function and promote anti-tumour responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Flores-Borja
- Centre for Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, London
| | - Paul Blair
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Infection, Immunity, and Transplantation, University College London, London
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6
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Xu P, Wang Y, Deng Z, Tan Z, Pei X. MicroRNA‑15a promotes prostate cancer cell ferroptosis by inhibiting GPX4 expression. Oncol Lett 2022; 23:67. [PMID: 35069876 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Po Xu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Medical Oncology Ward 1, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518116, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Deng
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Zhibo Tan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Pei
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518100, P.R. China
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7
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Michaud D, Mirlekar B, Steward C, Bishop G, Pylayeva-Gupta Y. B Cell Receptor Signaling and Protein Kinase D2 Support Regulatory B Cell Function in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 12:745873. [PMID: 35046933 PMCID: PMC8761795 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.745873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells can act as potent suppressors of anti-tumor T cell immunity, presenting a mechanism of resistance to immunotherapy. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, B cells can display a T cell-suppressive or regulatory phenotype centered on the expression of the cytokine Interleukin 35 (IL-35). While B cell-mediated immunosuppression presents a barrier to anti-tumorigenic T cell function, it is not clear how regulatory B cell function could be targeted, and the signals that promote this suppressive phenotype in B cells are not well understood. Here we use a novel IL-35 reporter model to understand which signaling pathways are important for immunosuppressive properties in B cells. In vitro analysis of IL-35 reporter B cells revealed a synergy between the BCR and TLR4 signaling pathways is sufficient to induce IL-35 expression. However, in vivo, B cell receptor activation, as opposed to MyD88 signaling in B cells, is central to B cell-mediated suppression and promotion of pancreatic cancer growth. Further analysis identified protein kinase D2 (PKD2) as being a key downstream regulator of IL-35 expression in B cells. Regulatory B cells with an inactivating mutation in PKD2 failed to produce IL-35 or fully suppress effector T cell function in vitro. Furthermore, inhibition of PKD in B cells decreased tumor growth and promoted effector T cell function upon adoptive transfer into B cell-deficient mice. Collectively, these data provide insight into how regulatory B cell function is promoted in pancreatic cancer and identify potential therapeutic targets to restrain this function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Michaud
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Bhalchandra Mirlekar
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Colleen Steward
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Gail Bishop
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Yuliya Pylayeva-Gupta
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Sempere LF, Azmi AS, Moore A. microRNA-based diagnostic and therapeutic applications in cancer medicine. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2021; 12:e1662. [PMID: 33998154 PMCID: PMC8519065 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
It has been almost two decades since the first link between microRNAs and cancer was established. In the ensuing years, this abundant class of short noncoding regulatory RNAs has been studied in virtually all cancer types. This tremendously large body of research has generated innovative technological advances for detection of microRNAs in tissue and bodily fluids, identified the diagnostic, prognostic, and/or predictive value of individual microRNAs or microRNA signatures as potential biomarkers for patient management, shed light on regulatory mechanisms of RNA-RNA interactions that modulate gene expression, uncovered cell-autonomous and cell-to-cell communication roles of specific microRNAs, and developed a battery of viral and nonviral delivery approaches for therapeutic intervention. Despite these intense and prolific research efforts in preclinical and clinical settings, there are a limited number of microRNA-based applications that have been incorporated into clinical practice. We review recent literature and ongoing clinical trials that highlight most promising approaches and standing challenges to translate these findings into viable microRNA-based clinical tools for cancer medicine. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo F. Sempere
- Department of Radiology, Precision Health ProgramMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Asfar S. Azmi
- Department of OncologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
- Karmanos Cancer InstituteDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Anna Moore
- Departments of Radiology and Physiology, Precision Health ProgramMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
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Downregulation of Tim-1 inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells via the miR-133a/TGFBR1 axis and the restriction of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:347. [PMID: 34225723 PMCID: PMC8256541 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma remains one of the most lethal brain cancers. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (Tim-1) is associated with various immune diseases. The molecular mechanism of Tim-1 in regulating glioblastoma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration is still unknown. Moreover, it has shown that miR-133a plays an important role in glioblastoma. However, little is known about the interaction between Tim-1 and miR-133a in glioblastoma. Methods Tim-1 expression in glioblastoma and normal brain tissues was detected by qPCR, Western Blot and IHC. After Tim-1 knockdown in U251 and U87 cells, genes showing significantly differential expression, along with the significant differential miRNAs were analyzed using RNA-seq analysis. The binding sites were verified using dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. U251 and U87 cells were allocated into the small harpin-negative control (sh-NC), sh-Tim-1, sh-Tim-1 + inhibitor NC, and sh-Tim-1 + miR-133a inhibitor group. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were determined by CCK-8, flow cytometry, wound-healing and Transwell assays, respectively. Next, U251 and U87 cells were allocated into the mimic NC, miR-133a mimic, miR-133a mimic + pcDNA3.1, and miR-133a mimic + pcDNA3.1-TGFBR1 groups, followed by the detection of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Western blot was used to identify the expression of vital kinases in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Results Tim-1 was highly expressed in glioblastoma tissues compared with that in normal brain tissues. RNA-seq analysis showed that Tim-1 knockdown could lead to the downregulation of TGFBR1 and the upregulation of miR-133a. The binding sites between TGFBR1 and miR-133a were confirmed. Tim-1 knockdown impaired the invasion, migration, proliferation of U251 and U87 cells, which could be reversed by miR-133a downregulation. miR-133a upregulation inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of U251 and U87 cells, which could be reversed by TGFBR1 upregulation. Tim-1 knockdown and miR-133a upregulation could inhibit the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, while the elevation of TGFBR1 showed opposite effects. Conclusion Tim-1 knockdown inhibited glioblastoma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration through the miR-133a/TGFBR1 axis and restrained the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02036-1.
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Catalán D, Mansilla MA, Ferrier A, Soto L, Oleinika K, Aguillón JC, Aravena O. Immunosuppressive Mechanisms of Regulatory B Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:611795. [PMID: 33995344 PMCID: PMC8118522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.611795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) is a term that encompasses all B cells that act to suppress immune responses. Bregs contribute to the maintenance of tolerance, limiting ongoing immune responses and reestablishing immune homeostasis. The important role of Bregs in restraining the pathology associated with exacerbated inflammatory responses in autoimmunity and graft rejection has been consistently demonstrated, while more recent studies have suggested a role for this population in other immune-related conditions, such as infections, allergy, cancer, and chronic metabolic diseases. Initial studies identified IL-10 as the hallmark of Breg function; nevertheless, the past decade has seen the discovery of other molecules utilized by human and murine B cells to regulate immune responses. This new arsenal includes other anti-inflammatory cytokines such IL-35 and TGF-β, as well as cell surface proteins like CD1d and PD-L1. In this review, we examine the main suppressive mechanisms employed by these novel Breg populations. We also discuss recent evidence that helps to unravel previously unknown aspects of the phenotype, development, activation, and function of IL-10-producing Bregs, incorporating an overview on those questions that remain obscure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Catalán
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto Milenio en Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Andrés Mansilla
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ashley Ferrier
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto Milenio en Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lilian Soto
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Unidad de Dolor, Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Chile (HCUCH), Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Juan Carlos Aguillón
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Octavio Aravena
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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11
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Zhu T, Lin Z, Han S, Wei Y, Lu G, Zhang Y, Xiao W, Wang Z, Jia X, Gong W. Low miR-16 expression induces regulatory CD4 +NKG2D + T cells involved in colorectal cancer progression. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:1540-1556. [PMID: 33948372 PMCID: PMC8085839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
MiR-15a/16 is a member of the miRNA cluster that exhibits tumor suppression and immune modulation via targeting multiple genes. Decreased miR-15a/16 expression is involved in many cancer cells. Here, miR-16 had decreased expression in NK1.1-CD4+NKG2D+ T cells and bound with the 3'-UTR of NKG2D gene. MiR-15a/16-deficient mice had many CD4+NKG2D+ T cells, which produced TGF-β1 and IL-10 and inhibited the IFN-γ production of CD8+ T cells. Adoptive transfer of NK1.1-CD4+NKG2D+ T cells from miR-15a/16-deficient mice promoted tumor growth in vivo. However, no changes for NK1.1-CD4+NKG2D+ T cells were found in the miR-15a/16-transgenic mice. Although the miR-15a/16 transgenic mice transplanted with B16BL6 or MC38 cells exhibited rapid growth, these tumor-bearing mice did not show changes in NK1.1-CD4+NKG2D+ T cell distributions in either spleens or tumors. When NK1.1-CD4+ T cells were stimulated by α-CD3/sRAE-1 ex vivo, the NKG2D expression was difficult to induce in the T cells of miR-15a/16-transgenic mice. Finally, increased frequencies of regulatory CD4+NKG2D+ T cells with low miR-16 levels were observed in patients with late-stage colorectal cancer (Duke's C, D). Thus, miR-16 modulates NK1.1-CD4+NKG2D+ T cell functions via targeting NKG2D. Low miR-16 expression in CD4+ T cells induces the regulatory CD4+NKG2D+ T subpopulation, which promotes tumor evasion via the secretion of immune-suppressive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile DiseasesYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Lin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile DiseasesYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Sen Han
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile DiseasesYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile DiseasesYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of ZoonosisYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Guotao Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile DiseasesYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of ZoonosisYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Weiming Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile DiseasesYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of ZoonosisYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhengbing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile DiseasesYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of ZoonosisYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile DiseasesYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Weijuan Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile DiseasesYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of ZoonosisYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
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12
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Hu R, Han Q, Zhang J. STAT3: A key signaling molecule for converting cold to hot tumors. Cancer Lett 2020; 489:29-40. [PMID: 32522692 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tumors can be classified as cold or hot according to the degree of immune cell infiltration into tumor tissues; cold tumors are insensitive to either chemotherapy or immunotherapy and are associated with poor prognosis. Recent studies have shown that STAT3 signaling molecules hinder the conversion of cold to hot tumors by regulating immunosuppressive molecule secretion and immunosuppressive cell functions. This review aims to present the most recent studies on how STAT3 regulates cold tumor formation and discuss its research status in cancer therapy. We also present insight for designing new therapeutic strategies to "heat" tumors and provide a reference for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hu
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Qiuju Han
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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13
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IL-10-producing regulatory B cells and plasmocytes: Molecular mechanisms and disease relevance. Semin Immunol 2019; 44:101323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Jia X, Liu H, Xu C, Han S, Shen Y, Miao X, Hu X, Lin Z, Qian L, Wang Z, Gong W. MiR-15a/16-1 deficiency induces IL-10-producing CD19 + TIM-1 + cells in tumor microenvironment. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:1343-1353. [PMID: 30467955 PMCID: PMC6349175 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
IL‐10‐producing B cells (B10) are associated with autoimmune diseases, infection and tumours. MiR‐15a/16 as a tumour‐suppressive gene is down‐regulated in several tumours, such as chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, pituitary adenomas and prostate carcinoma. Here, increased frequency of IL‐10‐producing CD19+ Tim‐1+ cells was seen in both aged miR‐15a/16−/− mice (15‐18 months) with the onset of B cell leukaemia and young knockout mice (8‐12 weeks) transplanted with hepatic cancer cells. CD19+ Tim‐1+ cells down‐regulated the function of effector CD4+CD25low T cells ex vivo dependent on IL‐10 production, and adoptive transfer of CD19+ Tim‐1+ cells promoted tumour growth in mice. IL‐10 production by CD19+ Tim‐1+ cells was involved with the STAT3 activation. Bioinformatics analysis shows that miR‐16 targets the 3′‐untranslating region (3′‐UTR) of STAT3 mRNA. Overexpression of miR‐16 in CD19+ Tim‐1+ cells inhibited STAT3 transcription and its protein expression. Thus, the loss of miR‐15a/16 promoted induction of regulatory CD19+ Tim‐1+ cells in tumour microenvironment. These results confirmed that miR‐15a/16 could be used in tumour therapy due to its inhibition of tumour and regulatory B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Jia
- Department of Basic Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chong Xu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Sen Han
- Department of Basic Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yating Shen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xin Miao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Hu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhijie Lin
- Department of Basic Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li Qian
- Department of Basic Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhengbing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Weijuan Gong
- Department of Basic Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, P.R. China
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