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Guo Y, Wang S, Dong Y, Liu Y. Attenuation of pro-tumorigenic senescent secretory phenotype by StN, a novel derivative of stevioside, potentiates its inhibitory activity on hepatocellular carcinoma. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 184:114371. [PMID: 38104710 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Ent-13-Hydroxy-15-kaurene-19-acid N-Methylpiperazine Ethyl Ester (StN) is a novel derivative of the natural diterpene stevioside isolated from Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni). In this study, we examined the effects of StN against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vitro and in vivo as well as its anticancer mechanisms by inhibiting proliferation and regulating the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). We showed that StN significantly inhibited HCC cell proliferation by inducing cellular senescence, as observed by increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and cell cycle arrest. Mechanistically, StN impaired lysosomal stability and triggered the release of cathepsin B from the lysosomes into the nucleus where it promoted DNA damage. Cathepsin B-mediated DNA damage contributed to cellular senescence triggered by StN. Meanwhile, StN transcriptionally suppressed multiple pro-inflammatory SASP components, including IL-6, IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-8, resulting in the reduction of pro-tumorigenic impact of SASP. Further study revealed that StN inactivated NF-κB and PI3K/Akt signaling, which significantly accounted for its inhibition on the SASP factors. In HCC xenograft mice, administration of StN significantly suppressed tumor growth, while no significant toxicity was detected. This study demonstrates a novel mechanism that suppressing the SASP by StN in senescent cells potentiates its anticancer efficacy, thus defining a potential compound for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Guo
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Shikang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Yongqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China.
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2
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Li C, Sun S, Zhuang Y, Luo Z, Ji G, Liu Z. CTSB Nuclear Translocation Facilitates DNA Damage and Lysosomal Stress to Promote Retinoblastoma Cell Death. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-01042-0. [PMID: 38159170 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-01042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is a pernicious tumor originating from photoreceptor precursor cells that often endangers the lives of children. The purpose of our study was to further investigate the influence of cathepsin B (CTSB) nuclear translocation on RB cell death. Y79 cells were injected into the vitreous cavity of nude mice at a dose of 4 µL/mouse to establish an animal model of RB. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blot analysis, a comet assay, a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry were used to measure the levels of the interrelated genes and proteins and to evaluate alterations in autophagy, apoptosis, proliferation, DNA damage and cell cycle arrest. CTSB was found to be expressed at low levels in RB animal model samples and RB cell lines. Functionally, CTSB nuclear translocation promoted DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, ferroptosis and autophagy in Y79 cells and inhibited their proliferation. Downstream mechanistic studies showed that nuclear translocation of CTSB facilitates DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in RB cells by inhibiting breast cancer 1 protein (BRCA1) expression and also activates the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1 (STAT3/STING1) pathway to induce lysosomal stress, leading to ferroptosis and autophagy in Y79 cells and alleviating RB. Nuclear translocation of CTSB facilitates DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in RB cells by inhibiting BRCA1 expression and activating the STAT3/STING1 pathway and induces lysosomal stress, which eventually leads to ferroptosis and autophagy and mitigates RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cairui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dali Prefecture People's Hospital (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Dali University), Dali, Yunnan, 671003, China.
| | - Shuguang Sun
- Department of Endocrine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671003, China
| | - Yanmei Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weishan County People's Hospital, Weishan, Yunnan, 672400, China
| | - Zhaokui Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jingdong County Hospital in Yunnan Province, Jingdong, Yunnan, 665700, China
| | - Guangquan Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jingdong County Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital in Yunnan Province, Jingdong, Yunnan, 665700, China
| | - Zhong Liu
- Department of Surgery, Weishan County People's Hospital, Weishan, Yunnan, 672400, China
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3
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Egorova VS, Kolesova EP, Lopus M, Yan N, Parodi A, Zamyatnin AA. Smart Delivery Systems Responsive to Cathepsin B Activity for Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1848. [PMID: 37514035 PMCID: PMC10386206 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin B is a lysosomal cysteine protease, contributing to vital cellular homeostatic processes including protein turnover, macroautophagy of damaged organelles, antigen presentation, and in the extracellular space, it takes part in tissue remodeling, prohormone processing, and activation. However, aberrant overexpression of cathepsin B and its enzymatic activity is associated with different pathological conditions, including cancer. Cathepsin B overexpression in tumor tissues makes this enzyme an important target for smart delivery systems, responsive to the activity of this enzyme. The generation of technologies which therapeutic effect is activated as a result of cathepsin B cleavage provides an opportunity for tumor-targeted therapy and controlled drug release. In this review, we summarized different technologies designed to improve current cancer treatments responsive to the activity of this enzyme that were shown to play a key role in disease progression and response to the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera S Egorova
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
| | - Ekaterina P Kolesova
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
| | - Manu Lopus
- School of Biological Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai Kalina Campus, Vidyanagari, Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Neng Yan
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Alessandro Parodi
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Zamyatnin AA, Gregory LC, Townsend PA, Soond SM. Beyond basic research: the contribution of cathepsin B to cancer development, diagnosis and therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:963-977. [PMID: 36562407 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2161888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In view of other candidate proteins from the cathepsin family of proteases holding great potential in being targeted during cancer therapy, the importance of Cathepsin B (CtsB) stands out as being truly exceptional. Based on its contribution to oncogenesis, its intimate connection with regulating apoptosis and modulating extracellular and intracellular functions through its secretion or compartmentalized subcellular localization, collectively highlight its complex molecular involvement with a myriad of normal and pathological regulatory processes. Despite its complex functional nature, CtsB is emerging as one of the few cathepsin proteases that has been extensively researched to yield tangible outcomes for cancer therapy. AREAS COVERED In this article, we review the scientific literature that has justified or shaped the importance of CtsB expression in cancer progression, from the perspective of highlighting a paradigm that is rapidly changing from basic research toward a broader clinical and translational context. EXPERT OPINION In doing so, we detail its maturation as a diagnostic marker through describing the development of CtsB-specific Activity-Based Probes, the rapid evolution of these toward a new generation of Prodrugs, and the evaluation of these in model systems for their therapeutic potential as anti-cancer agents in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Zamyatnin
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia.,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Levy C Gregory
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Paul A Townsend
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Surinder M Soond
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Halaby R. Natural Products Induce Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization as an Anticancer Strategy. MEDICINES 2021; 8:medicines8110069. [PMID: 34822366 PMCID: PMC8624533 DOI: 10.3390/medicines8110069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a global health and economic issue. The majority of anticancer therapies become ineffective due to frequent genomic turnover and chemoresistance. Furthermore, chemotherapy and radiation are non-specific, killing all rapidly dividing cells including healthy cells. In this review, we examine the ability of some natural products to induce lysosomal-mediated cell death in neoplastic cells as a way to kill them more specifically than conventional therapies. This list is by no means exhaustive. We postulate mechanisms to explain lysosomal membrane permeabilization and its role in triggering cell death in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginald Halaby
- Department of Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
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Shen Y, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Yang H, Cao Z, Qin Q, Liu C, Guo W. Functional characterization of cathepsin B and its role in the antimicrobial immune responses in golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 123:104128. [PMID: 34081945 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin B (CTSB) is one of the typical representatives of cysteine protease family. It has the activity of both exopeptidase and endopeptidase. It plays an important role in antigen presentation, degradation, apoptosis, inflammatory response and physiological process of many diseases. In this study, CTSB of Trachinotus ovatus (TroCTSB) was cloned, and its structure and function were analyzed. The results showed that the coding region of TroCTSB was 993 bp, encoding 330 amino acid residues. The homology analysis showed that the amino acid sequence of TroCTSB was similar to that in other teleosts and mammals (68.69%-88.48%). Under normal physiological conditions, TroCTSB was widely distributed in various tissues with the highest expression level in stomach, followed by liver, and the lowest expression level in blood. The optimal pH and temperature of purified recombinant protein rTroCTSB were 5.5 and 40 °C, respectively. The toxicity test of metal ions showed that Fe2+, Cu2+, Ca2+ and Zn2+ could all inhibit the activity of TroCTSB, with Zn2+ ranking the first. In addition, after Edwardsiella tarda infection, the expression of TroCTSB was significantly up-regulated in liver, spleen and head kidney. The overexpression of TroCTSB significantly inhibited the infection of E. tarda in golden pompano tissues, and the knockdown of TroCTSB remarkably promoted the reproduction of E. tarda in golden pompano tissues in vivo. This study suggests that TroCTSB was involved in the antibacterial immune response of T. ovatus, and provided a reference for further research in elucidating the resistance mechanism of TroCTSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Yongcan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Yun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China.
| | - Haoran Yang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Zhenjie Cao
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, PR China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Weiliang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, PR China
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Perišić Nanut M, Pečar Fonović U, Jakoš T, Kos J. The Role of Cysteine Peptidases in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation and Modulation of Immune System Function. Front Immunol 2021; 12:680279. [PMID: 34335582 PMCID: PMC8322073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.680279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteine cathepsins are primarily involved in the degradation and recycling of proteins in endo-lysosomal compartments but are also gaining recognition as pivotal proteolytic contributors to various immune functions. Through their extracellular proteolytic activities within the hematopoietic stem cell niche, they are involved in progenitor cell mobilization and differentiation. Cysteine cathepsins, such as cathepsins L and S contribute to antigen-induced adaptive immunity through major histocompatibility complex class II antigen presentation whereas cathepsin X regulates T-cell migration. By regulating toll-like receptor signaling and cytokine secretion cysteine cathepsins activate innate immune cells and affect their functional differentiation. Cathepsins C and H are expressed in cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells and are involved in processing of pro-granzymes into proteolytically active forms. Cytoplasmic activities of cathepsins B and L contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis of the adaptive immune response by regulating cell death of T and B lymphocytes. The expression pattern, localization, and activity of cysteine cathepsins is tightly connected to their function in immune cells. Furthermore, cysteine cathepsins together with their endogenous inhibitors, serve as mediators in the interplay between cancer and immune cells that results in immune cell anergy. The aim of the present article is to review the mechanisms of dysregulation of cysteine cathepsins and their inhibitors in relation to immune dysfunction to address new possibilities for regulation of their function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tanja Jakoš
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janko Kos
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Soond SM, Savvateeva LV, Makarov VA, Gorokhovets NV, Townsend PA, Zamyatnin AA. Making Connections: p53 and the Cathepsin Proteases as Co-Regulators of Cancer and Apoptosis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113476. [PMID: 33266503 PMCID: PMC7700648 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This article describes an emerging area of significant interest in cancer and cell death and the relationships shared by these through the p53 and cathepsin proteins. While it has been demonstrated that the p53 protein can directly induce the leakage of cathepsin proteases from the lysosome, directly triggering cell death, little is known about what factors set the threshold at which the lysosome can become permeabilized. It appears that the expression levels of cathepsin proteases may be central to this process, with some of them being transcriptionally regulated by p53. The consequences of such a mechanism have serious implications for lysosomal-mediated apoptosis and have significant input into the design of therapeutics and their strategic use. In this review, we highlight the importance of extending such findings to other cathepsin family members and the need to assess the roles of p53 isoforms and mutants in furthering this mechanism. Abstract While viewed as the “guardian of the genome”, the importance of the tumor suppressor p53 protein has increasingly gained ever more recognition in modulating additional modes of action related to cell death. Slowly but surely, its importance has evolved from a mutated genetic locus heavily implicated in a wide array of cancer types to modulating lysosomal-mediated cell death either directly or indirectly through the transcriptional regulation of the key signal transduction pathway intermediates involved in this. As an important step in determining the fate of cells in response to cytotoxicity or during stress response, lysosomal-mediated cell death has also become strongly interwoven with the key components that give the lysosome functionality in the form of the cathepsin proteases. While a number of articles have been published highlighting the independent input of p53 or cathepsins to cellular homeostasis and disease progression, one key area that warrants further focus is the regulatory relationship that p53 and its isoforms share with such proteases in regulating lysosomal-mediated cell death. Herein, we review recent developments that have shaped this relationship and highlight key areas that need further exploration to aid novel therapeutic design and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder M. Soond
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.S.); (V.A.M.); (N.V.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.M.S.); (A.A.Z.J.)
| | - Lyudmila V. Savvateeva
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.S.); (V.A.M.); (N.V.G.)
| | - Vladimir A. Makarov
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.S.); (V.A.M.); (N.V.G.)
| | - Neonila V. Gorokhovets
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.S.); (V.A.M.); (N.V.G.)
| | - Paul A. Townsend
- Division of Cancer Sciences and Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, and the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.S.); (V.A.M.); (N.V.G.)
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Correspondence: (S.M.S.); (A.A.Z.J.)
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Kuang F, Liu J, Li C, Kang R, Tang D. Cathepsin B is a mediator of organelle-specific initiation of ferroptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:1464-1469. [PMID: 33268027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of non-apoptotic regulated cell death that involves excessive iron accumulation and subsequent lipid peroxidation. Although the antioxidant mechanisms of ferroptosis have been extensively studied recently, little is known about the interactions between the different organelles that control ferroptosis. Here, we show that the translocation of lysosomal cysteine protease cathepsin B (CTSB) into the nucleus is an important molecular event that mediates organelle-specific initiation of ferroptosis in human pancreatic cancer cells. Iron-dependent lysosomal membrane permeability triggers the release of CTSB from the lysosome to nucleus during ferroptosis. Mechanistically, nuclear CTSB accumulation causes DNA damage and subsequent activation of the stimulator of interferon response CGAMP interactor 1 (STING1/STING)-dependent DNA sensor pathway, which ultimately leads to autophagy-dependent ferroptosis. Consequently, the genetic inhibition of CTSB-dependent STING1 activation by RNAi prevents ferroptosis in cell culture and animal models. These new findings not only enhance our understanding of the mechanism by which organelles specifically trigger ferroptosis, but also may provide a potential way to enhance the anticancer activity of ferroptosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feimei Kuang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510510, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510510, China
| | - Changfeng Li
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Daolin Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510510, China; Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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10
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Zhou W, Han H, Xu J, Sun T, Feng X. Autophagic Vacuole Secretion Triggered by Chidamide Participates in TRAIL Apoptosis Effect in Breast Cancer Cells. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 27:2366-2380. [PMID: 32787747 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200811175513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases threatening women's health today. Indepth research on breast cancer (BC) pathogenesis and prevention and treatment methods are gradually receiving attention. Chidamide is a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) that depresses the function of histone deacetylase, consequently affecting the growth of BC cells through epigenetic modification. However, preclinical and clinical studies show that chidamide is ineffective in long-term treatment. We demonstrated in previous experiments that TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis in BC cells and is significantly less non-toxic to normal cells than chidamide. Therefore, in this study, we treated BC cells with chidamide and TRAIL to explore a novel option to reduce the clinical toxicity through augmenting the sensitivity for BC cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Results from the MTT and cell viability assays indicated that the combination of chidamide and TRAIL in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells induced BC cell death, while maintaining a reduced concentration of chidamide. Autophagy assay and annexin V analysis showed that the autophagosome microtubuleassociated protein1light chain3-II (LC3-II) was abnormally increased and much more early and late phase of apoptotic cells appeared during chidamide and TRAIL induction. Anti-tumor assays in a BC tumor xenograft model displayed that the mixture of chidamide and TRAIL exhibited stronger effects on inhibiting tumor growth. The data from real-time PCR and western blotting showed that the cytotoxic effect correlated with the expressions of related apoptosis and autophagy factors. CONCLUSION Our data are the first to demonstrate the synergistic effects of chidamide and TRAIL in BC cells, specifically, the pharmacological effects on cell death induction. These results lay a solid experimental and theoretical basis to solve the clinical resistance of chidamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenyang Medical College, No. 146 North Huanghe St, Huanggu Dis, Shenyang City, Liaoning Pro 110034, China
| | - Han Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenyang Medical College, No. 146 North Huanghe St, Huanggu Dis, Shenyang City, Liaoning Pro 110034, China
| | - Junnan Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and & Institute, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Breast Cancer Research, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Rd, Dadong Dis, Shenyang City, Liaoning Pro 110042, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and & Institute, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Breast Cancer Research, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Rd, Dadong Dis, Shenyang City, Liaoning Pro 110042, China
| | - Xiuyan Feng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, No.20 North 9th St, Heping Dis, Shenyang City, Liaoning Pro 110002, China
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Soond SM, Kozhevnikova MV, Frolova AS, Savvateeva LV, Plotnikov EY, Townsend PA, Han YP, Zamyatnin AA. Lost or Forgotten: The nuclear cathepsin protein isoforms in cancer. Cancer Lett 2019; 462:43-50. [PMID: 31381961 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
While research into the role of cathepsins has been progressing at an exponential pace over the years, research into their respective isoform proteins has been less frenetic. In view of the functional and biological potential of such protein isoforms in model systems for cancer during their initial discovery, much later they have offered a new direction in the field of cathepsin basic and applied research. Consequently, the analysis of such isoforms has laid strong foundations in revealing other important regulatory aspects of the cathepsin proteins in general. In this review article, we address these key aspects of cathepsin isoform proteins, with particular emphasis on how they have shaped what is now known in the context of nuclear cathepsin localization and what potential these hold as nuclear-based therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder M Soond
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya str. 8-2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Maria V Kozhevnikova
- Hospital Therapy Department № 1, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University , 6-1 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya str, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Anastasia S Frolova
- Department of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russian Federation.
| | - Lyudmila V Savvateeva
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya str. 8-2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Egor Y Plotnikov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russian Federation.
| | - Paul A Townsend
- Division of Cancer Sciences and Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; and the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK.
| | - Yuan-Ping Han
- College of Life Sciences Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PO 6100064, People's Republic of China.
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya str. 8-2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation; Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russian Federation.
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Biasutto L, Mattarei A, La Spina M, Azzolini M, Parrasia S, Szabò I, Zoratti M. Strategies to target bioactive molecules to subcellular compartments. Focus on natural compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111557. [PMID: 31374419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many potential pharmacological targets are present in multiple subcellular compartments and have different pathophysiological roles depending on location. In these cases, selective targeting of a drug to the relevant subcellular domain(s) may help to sharpen its impact by providing topological specificity, thus limiting side effects, and to concentrate the compound where needed, thus increasing its effectiveness. We review here the state of the art in precision subcellular delivery. The major approaches confer "homing" properties to the active principle via permanent or reversible (in pro-drug fashion) modifications, or through the use of special-design nanoparticles or liposomes to ferry a drug(s) cargo to its desired destination. An assortment of peptides, substituents with delocalized positive charges, custom-blended lipid mixtures, pH- or enzyme-sensitive groups provide the main tools of the trade. Mitochondria, lysosomes and the cell membrane may be mentioned as the fronts on which the most significant advances have been made. Most of the examples presented here have to do with targeting natural compounds - in particular polyphenols, known as pleiotropic agents - to one or the other subcellular compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Biasutto
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy; Dept. Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy.
| | - Andrea Mattarei
- Dept. Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina La Spina
- Dept. Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Azzolini
- Dept. Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Sofia Parrasia
- Dept. Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Ildikò Szabò
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy; Dept. Biology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Zoratti
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy; Dept. Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
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Soond SM, Kozhevnikova MV, Zamyatnin AA. 'Patchiness' and basic cancer research: unravelling the proteases. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:1687-1701. [PMID: 31213124 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1632639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent developments in Cathepsin protease research have unveiled a number of key observations which are fundamental to further our understanding of normal cellular homeostasis and disease. By far, the most interesting and promising area of Cathepsin biology stems from how these proteins are linked to the fate of living cells through the phenomenon of Lysosomal Leakage and Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilisation. While extracellular Cathepsins are generally believed to be of central importance in tumour progression, through their ability to modulate the architecture of the Extracellular Matrix, intracellular Cathepsins have been established as being of extreme significance in mediating cell death through Apoptosis. With these two juxtaposed key research areas in mind, the focus of this review highlights recent advancements in how this fast-paced area of Cathepsin research has recently evolved in the context of their mechanistic regulation in cancer research. Abbreviations : ECM, Extracellular Matrix; MMP, Matrix Metalloproteases; LL, Lysosomal Leakage; LMP, Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilisation; LMA, Lysosomorphic Agents; BC, Breast Cancer; ASM, Acid Sphingomyelinase; TNF-α, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; LAMP, Lysosomal Associated membrane Protein; PCD, Programmed Cell Death; PDAC, Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma; ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species; aa, amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder M Soond
- a Institute of Molecular Medicine , Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Maria V Kozhevnikova
- a Institute of Molecular Medicine , Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- a Institute of Molecular Medicine , Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University , Moscow , Russian Federation.,b Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russian Federation
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Soond SM, Kozhevnikova MV, Townsend PA, Zamyatnin AA. Cysteine Cathepsin Protease Inhibition: An update on its Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Potential in Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12020087. [PMID: 31212661 PMCID: PMC6630828 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In keeping with recent developments in basic research; the importance of the Cathepsins as targets in cancer therapy have taken on increasing importance and given rise to a number of key areas of interest in the clinical setting. In keeping with driving basic research in this area in a translational direction; recent findings have given rise to a number of exciting developments in the areas of cancer diagnosis; prognosis and therapeutic development. As a fast-moving area of research; the focus of this review brings together the latest findings and highlights the translational significance of these developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder M Soond
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Maria V Kozhevnikova
- Federal State Autonomous Edu-cational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Sechenovskiy University), Hospital Therapy Department No. 1, 6-1 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya str, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Paul A Townsend
- Division of Cancer Sciences and Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, and the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK.
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
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Wang Y, Niu H, Hu Z, Zhu M, Wang L, Han L, Qian L, Tian K, Yuan H, Lou H. Targeting the lysosome by an aminomethylated Riccardin D triggers DNA damage through cathepsin B-mediated degradation of BRCA1. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:1798-1812. [PMID: 30565390 PMCID: PMC6378192 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RD-N, an aminomethylated derivative of riccardin D, is a lysosomotropic agent that can trigger lysosomal membrane permeabilization followed by cathepsin B (CTSB)-dependent apoptosis in prostate cancer (PCa) cells, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here we show that RD-N treatment drives CTSB translocation from the lysosomes to the nucleus where it promotes DNA damage by suppression of the breast cancer 1 protein (BRCA1). Inhibition of CTSB activity with its specific inhibitors, or by CTSB-targeting siRNA or CTSB with enzyme-negative domain attenuated activation of BRCA1 and DNA damage induced by RD-N. Conversely, CTSB overexpression resulted in inhibition of BRCA1 and sensitized PCa cells to RD-N-induced cell death. Furthermore, RD-N-induced cell death was exacerbated in BRCA1-deficient cancer cells. We also demonstrated that CTSB/BRCA1-dependent DNA damage was critical for RD-N, but not for etoposide, reinforcing the importance of CTSB/BRCA1 in RD-N-mediated cell death. In addition, RD-N synergistically increased cell sensitivity to cisplatin, and this effect was more evidenced in BRCA1-deficient cancer cells. This study reveals a novel molecular mechanism that RD-N promotes CTSB-dependent DNA damage by the suppression of BRCA1 in PCa cells, leading to the identification of a potential compound that target lysosomes for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huanmin Niu
- Institute of Medical Science, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongyi Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhu
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lining Wang
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lili Han
- School of Medicine, Shandong Yingcai University, Jinan, China
| | - Lilin Qian
- Institute of Medical Science, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Keli Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huiqing Yuan
- Institute of Medical Science, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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