1
|
Tian Y, Xin S, Wan Z, Dong H, Liu L, Fan Z, Li T, Peng F, Xiong Y, Han Y. TCF19 promotes cell proliferation and tumor formation in lung cancer by activating the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Transl Oncol 2024; 45:101978. [PMID: 38701650 PMCID: PMC11088346 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate TCF19's role in lung cancer development, specifically its involvement in the RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. METHODS Lung cancer tissue analysis revealed significant TCF19 overexpression. In vitro experiments using A549 and Hop62 cells with TCF19 overexpression demonstrated enhanced cell growth. Transgenic mouse models confirmed TCF19's role in primary tumor development. Transcriptome sequencing identified altered gene expression profiles, linking TCF19 to RAF/MEK/ERK pathway activation. Functional assays elucidated underlying mechanisms, revealing increased phosphorylation of Raf1, MEK1/2, and ERK1/2. Inhibiting RAF1 or ERK through shRaf1 or ERK inhibitor reduced cell cycle-related proteins and inhibited TCF19-overexpressing cell growth. RESULTS TCF19 was identified as an oncogene in lung carcinoma, specifically impacting the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway. Elevated TCF19 levels in lung cancer suggest targeting TCF19 or its associated pathways as a promising strategy for disease management. CONCLUSION This study unveils TCF19's oncogenic role in lung cancer, emphasizing its modulation of the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway and presenting a potential therapeutic target for TCF19-overexpressing lung cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, 30 Fucheng Rd, Beijing 100142, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shaowei Xin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, 30 Fucheng Rd, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zitong Wan
- College of life Science, Northwestern University, Xi'an, China
| | - Honghong Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, 30 Fucheng Rd, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Fujun Peng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Yanlu Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, 30 Fucheng Rd, Beijing 100142, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zeitlmayr S, Cami D, Selmani B, Gudermann T, Breit A. A dual role for ERK-1/2 in the regulation of plasmin activity and cell migration in metastatic NSCLC-H1299 cells. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:3113-3128. [PMID: 37712947 PMCID: PMC10567951 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03600-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Occupational and environmental exposure of various toxins or cigarette smoke causes non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC); a devastating disease with a very low survival rate after metastasis. Increased activity of plasmin is a hallmark in NSCLC metastasis. It is accepted that metastatic cells exhibit higher plasmin activity than cells from primary tumors. Mechanisms behind this elevation, however, are barely understood. We compared plasmin activity and cell migration of A549 cells derived from a primary lung tumor with metastatic H1299 lung cells isolated from lymph nodes. Surprisingly, we found higher plasmin activity and migration for A549 cells. mRNA levels of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were higher in H1299 cells and activity of extracellular-regulated kinases-1/2 (ERK-1/2) was increased. An inhibitor of ERK-1/2 decreased PAI-1 mRNA levels and increased plasmin activity or cell migration in H1299 cells. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) decreased plasmin activity and migration in A549 cells but enhanced both in H1299 cells. The cytokine massively increased PAI-1 and decreased urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) levels in A549 cells but strongly induced uPA and only weakly PAI- 1 expression in H1299 cells. Consequently, TGF-β enhanced plasmin activity and cell migration in H1299. Additionally, TGF-β activated ERK-1/2 stronger in H1299 than in A549 cells. Accordingly, an ERK-1/2 inhibitor completely reversed the effects of TGF-β on uPA expression, plasmin activity and migration in H1299 cells. Hence, we provide first data indicating TGF-β-promoted increased plasmin activity and suggest that blocking TGF-β-promoted ERK-1/2 activity might be a straightforward approach to inhibit NSCLC metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Zeitlmayr
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 33, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Ditila Cami
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 33, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Belinda Selmani
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 33, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 33, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Breit
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 33, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang H, Zhang Q, Tu J, You Q, Wang L. Dual function of protein phosphatase 5 (PPP5C): An emerging therapeutic target for drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 254:115350. [PMID: 37054560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of proteins is reversibly controlled by the kinases and phosphatases in many posttranslational regulation patterns. Protein phosphatase 5 (PPP5C) is a serine/threonine protein phosphatase showing dual function by simultaneously exerting dephosphorylation and co-chaperone functions. Due to this special role, PPP5C was found to participate in many signal transductions related to various diseases. Abnormal expression of PPP5C results in cancers, obesity, and Alzheimer's disease, making it a potential drug target. However, the design of small molecules targeting PPP5C is struggling due to its special monomeric enzyme form and low basal activity by a self-inhibition mechanism. Through realizing the PPP5C's dual function as phosphatase and co-chaperone, more and more small molecules were found to regulate PPP5C with a different mechanism. This review aims to provide insights into PPP5C's dual function from structure to function, which could provide efficient design strategies for small molecules targeting PPP5C as therapeutic candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hengheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qiuyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jiaqi Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rohilla S, Singh M, Alzarea SI, Almalki WH, Al-Abbasi FA, Kazmi I, Afzal O, Altamimi ASA, Singh SK, Chellappan DK, Dua K, Gupta G. Recent Developments and Challenges in Molecular-Targeted Therapy of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2023; 42:27-50. [PMID: 36734951 DOI: 10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.2022042983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of lung cancer with conventional therapies, which include radiation, surgery, and chemotherapy results in multiple undesirable adverse or side effects. The major clinical challenge in developing new drug therapies for lung cancer is resistance, which involves mutations and disturbance in various signaling pathways. Molecular abnormalities related to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (B-RAF) Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) mutations, translocation of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene, mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) amplification have been studied to overcome the resistance and to develop new therapies for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). But, inevitable development of resistance presents limits the clinical benefits of various new drugs. Here, we review current progress in the development of molecularly targeted therapies, concerning six clinical biomarkers: EGFR, ALK, MET, ROS-1, KRAS, and B-RAF for NSCLC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Rohilla
- SGT College of Pharmacy, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, 122505, India
| | - Mahaveer Singh
- Swami Keshvanand Institute of Pharmacy (SKIP), Raiser, Bikaner, 334803, India
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Suresh GyanVihar University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India; Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Y, Fang C, Chen R, Yuan S, Chen L, Qiu X, Qian X, Zhang X, Xiao Z, Wang Q, Fu B, Song X, Li Y. rhG-CSF is associated with an increased risk of metastasis in NSCLC patients following postoperative chemotherapy. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:741. [PMID: 35799161 PMCID: PMC9261064 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09850-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) reduces neutropenia events and is widely used in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. However, the effects of rhG-CSF on distant organ metastasis (DOM) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients following postoperative chemotherapy are not clear. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed on NSCLC patients who underwent complete surgical resection and postoperative systemic chemotherapy at The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2017. The effect of rhG-CSF on DOM was assessed with other confounding factors using Cox regression analyses. Results We identified 307 NSCLC patients who received postoperative systemic chemotherapy (n = 246 in the rhG-CSF group, n = 61 in the No rhG-CSF group). The incidence of DOM in postoperative NSCLC patients with rhG-CSF treatment was observably higher than in patients without rhG-CSF treatment (48.3% vs. 27.9%, p < 0.05). Univariate regression analysis revealed that rhG-CSF and pathological stage were independent risk factors for metastasis-free survival (MFS) (p < 0.05). RhG-CSF users had a higher risk of DOM (adjusted HR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.31–4.15) than nonusers of rhG-CSF. The association between rhG-CSF and the risk of DOM was significant only in patients presenting with myelosuppression (HR: 3.34, 95% CI: 1.86–6.02) and not in patients without myelosuppression (HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.17–2.94, Interaction p-value< 0.01). The risk increased with higher dose density of rhG-CSF compared to rhG-CSF versus no users (p for trend< 0.001). Conclusion These analyses indicate that rhG-CSF use is related to DOM following postoperative chemotherapy in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Zheng Road, Nanchang, 330000, China.,Medical Innovation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Zheng Road, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Chen Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Zheng Road, Nanchang, 330000, China.,Medical Innovation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Zheng Road, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Renfang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Zheng Road, Nanchang, 330000, China.,Medical Innovation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Zheng Road, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Shangkun Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Zheng Road, Nanchang, 330000, China.,Medical Innovation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Zheng Road, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Internal Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MingDe Road, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Xiaotong Qiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Zheng Road, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Xiaoying Qian
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Zheng Road, Nanchang, 330000, China.,Medical Innovation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Zheng Road, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Zheng Road, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Zhehao Xiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Zheng Road, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Zheng Road, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Biqi Fu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Zheng Road, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Xiaoling Song
- Department of Medical Record Room, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Zheng Road, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Zheng Road, Nanchang, 330000, China. .,Medical Innovation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Zheng Road, Nanchang, 330000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hong Y, Che S, Hui B, Wang X, Zhang X, Ma H. Combination Therapy of Lung Cancer Using Layer-by-Layer Cisplatin Prodrug and Curcumin Co-Encapsulated Nanomedicine. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:2263-2274. [PMID: 32606596 PMCID: PMC7293387 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s241291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Lung cancer remains the leading cancer-associated deaths worldwide. Cisplatin (CDDP) was used in combination with curcumin (CUR) for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize CDDP prodrug and CUR co-encapsulated layer-by-layer nanoparticles (CDDP-PLGA/CUR LBL NPs) to induce cooperative response, maximize the therapeutic effect, overcome drug resistance, and reduce adverse side effects. Methods CDDP prodrug (CDDP-PLGA) was synthesized. CDDP-PLGA/CUR LBL NPs were constructed and their physicochemical properties were investigated by particle-size analysis, zeta potential measurement, drug loading, drug entrapment efficiency, and in vitro drug release behavior. In vitro cytotoxicity against human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549 cells) was investigated, and in vivo anti-tumor efficiency of CDDP-PLGA/CUR LBL NPs was evaluated on mice bearing A549 cell xenografts. Results CDDP-PLGA/CUR LBL NPs have a size of 179.6 ± 6.7 nm, a zeta potential value of −29.9 ± 3.2 mV, high drug entrapment efficiency of 85.6 ± 3.9% (CDDP) and 82.1 ± 2.8% (CUR). The drug release of LBL NPs exhibited a sustained behavior, which made it an ideal vehicle for drug delivery. Furthermore, CDDP-PLGA/CUR LBL NPs could significantly enhance in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo antitumor effect against A549 cells and lung cancer animal model compared to the single drug-loaded LBL NPs and free drug groups. Conclusion CDDP-PLGA/CUR LBL NPs were reported for the first time in the combination therapy of lung cancer. The results demonstrated that the CDDP-PLGA/CUR LBL NPs might be a novel promising system for the synergetic treatment of lung carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hong
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaomin Che
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Beina Hui
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailin Ma
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Qiu Z, Ye B, Zhao S, Li X, Li L, Mo X, Li W. Non-canonical Raf-1/p70S6K signalling in non-small-cell lung cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7632-7640. [PMID: 31541523 PMCID: PMC6815804 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death globally, with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the predominant subtype. Overall survival remains low for NSCLC patients, and novel targets are needed to improve outcome. Raf-1 is a key component of the Ras/Raf/MEK signalling pathway, but its role and downstream targets in NSCLC are not completely understood. Our previous study indicated a possible correlation between Raf-1 levels and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) function. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether p70S6K is a downstream target of Raf-1 in NSCLC. Raf-1 was silenced in NSCLC cell lines by using small hairpin RNA, and Raf-1 and p70S6K protein levels were measured via Western blot. p70S6K was then overexpressed following Raf-1 knock-down; then, cell proliferation, apoptosis and the cell cycle in NSCLC cell lines were examined. Tumour xenografts with NSCLC cells were then transplanted for in vivo study. Tumours were measured and weighed, and Raf-1 and p70S6K expression, cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined in tumour tissues by Western blot, Ki-67 staining and TUNEL staining, respectively. When Raf-1 was silenced, p70S6K protein levels were markedly decreased in the A549 and H1299 NSCLC cell lines. A significant decrease in NSCLC cell proliferation, a profound increase in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were observed in vitro following Raf-1 knock-down. Overexpression of p70S6K after Raf-1 depletion effectively reversed these effects. Xenograft studies confirmed these results in vivo. In conclusion, Raf-1 targets p70S6K as its downstream effector to regulate NSCLC tumorigenicity, making Raf-1/p70S6K signalling a promising target for NSCLC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Bingwei Ye
- Georgia Cancer CenterAugusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xin Li
- Georgia Cancer CenterAugusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMedical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ximing Mo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell BiologyState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| |
Collapse
|