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Coulombe PA, Pineda CM, Jacob JT, Nair RR. Nuclear roles for non-lamin intermediate filament proteins. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 86:102303. [PMID: 38113712 PMCID: PMC11056187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear-localized lamins have long been thought to be the only intermediate filaments (IFs) with an impact on the architecture, properties, and functions of the nucleus. Recent studies, however, uncovered significant roles for IFs other than lamins (here referred to as "non-lamin IFs") in regulating key properties of the nucleus in various cell types and biological settings. In the cytoplasm, IFs often occur in the perinuclear space where they contribute to local stiffness and impact the shape and/or the integrity of the nucleus, particularly in cells under stress. In addition, selective non-lamin IF proteins can occur inside the nucleus where they partake in fundamental processes including nuclear architecture and chromatin organization, regulation of gene expression, cell cycle progression, and the repair of DNA damage. This text reviews the evidence supporting a role for non-lamin IF proteins in regulating various properties of the nucleus and highlights opportunities for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre A Coulombe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Christopher M Pineda
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Justin T Jacob
- Public Health Laboratory Division, District of Columbia Department of Forensic Sciences, Washington, DC 20024, USA
| | - Raji R Nair
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Aromolo IF, Moltrasio C, Cozzaglio L, Colavito D, Leon A, Cavalli R, Tadini G, Brena M. Multiple melanomas in ichthyosis with confetti: One more piece of evidence. Australas J Dermatol 2023; 64:576-578. [PMID: 37577813 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.14143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Italo Francesco Aromolo
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Patophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Moltrasio
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Cozzaglio
- Department of Surgery of Sarcoma, Melanoma and Rare Tumors, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | | | - Alberta Leon
- Research & Innovation Genetics Srl, Padoa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cavalli
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tadini
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Brena
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Yang Z, Xu Z, He R, Xiang X, Zhang B, Ma L. Clinical and genetic findings in 13 Chinese children with keratinopathic ichthyosis. Pediatr Investig 2023; 7:168-176. [PMID: 37736367 PMCID: PMC10509410 DOI: 10.1002/ped4.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Keratinopathic ichthyosis (KPI) represents a group of predominantly autosomal dominant genodermatoses resulting from mutations in the KRT1, KRT2, or KRT10 genes. In KPI, the relationship between genotype and phenotype is complex. Objective To analyze the clinical manifestations and gene mutations in Chinese patients with KPI. Methods Clinical data were collected from 13 children diagnosed with KPI, and peripheral blood DNA samples were extracted from both the patients and their parents Next-generation sequencing was performed using a congenital ichthyosis multi-gene panel, and the selected variants in the patients and their parents were further validated using the Sanger sequencing method. Results Genetic analysis identified missense mutations in either KRT1 or KRT10 in ten patients exhibiting varying degrees of severity and distinct features of epidermolytic ichthyosis. A missense hotspot mutation in KRT2 was identified in one patient with superficial epidermolytic ichthyosis. Additionally, two truncation mutations in KRT10 were detected, leading to the development of generalized ichthyosiform erythroderma. Ear malformation and ectropion at birth, scalp involvement, and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis were observed as early signs of ichthyosis with confetti. Interpretation We analyzed the genotype-phenotype correlations in KPI, revealing that the types and locations of different mutations are associated with distinct phenotypic characteristics. Oral acitretin could be considered a treatment option for severe patients at an appropriate dosage and timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
| | - Zhe Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
- Department of DermatologyShunyi Maternal and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Rui He
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
| | - Xin Xiang
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
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Ivanenko AV, Evtushenko NA, Gurskaya NG. Genome Editing in Therapy of Genodermatoses. Mol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893322060085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Revertant Mosaicism in Genodermatoses: Natural Gene Therapy Right before Your Eyes. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092118. [PMID: 36140224 PMCID: PMC9495737 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Revertant mosaicism (RM) is the intriguing phenomenon in which nature itself has successfully done what medical science is so eagerly trying to achieve: correcting the effect of disease-causing germline variants and thereby reversing the disease phenotype back to normal. RM was molecularly confirmed for the first time in a genodermatosis in 1997, the genetic skin condition junctional epidermolysis bullosa (EB). At that time, RM was considered an extraordinary phenomenon. However, several important discoveries have changed this conception in the past few decades. First, RM has now been identified in all major subtypes of EB. Second, RM has also been identified in many other genodermatoses. Third, a theoretical mathematical exercise concluded that reverse mutations should be expected in all patients with a recessive subtype of EB or any other genodermatosis. This has shifted the paradigm from RM being an extraordinary phenomenon to it being something that every physician working in the field of genodermatoses should be looking for in every patient. It has also raised hope for new treatment options in patients with genodermatoses. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on RM and discuss the perspectives of RM for the future treatment of patients with genodermatoses.
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Burger B, Ghosh A, Ng CKY, Piscuoglio S, Spoerri I, Itin PH, Greer K, Elbaum D. Discovery of heterozygous KRT10 alterations in MAUIE cases underlines the importance of regular skin cancer screening in ichthyosis with confetti. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:954-955. [PMID: 32407542 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Burger
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Ghosh
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Competence Center Personalized Medicine, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C K Y Ng
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Piscuoglio
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - I Spoerri
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - P H Itin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - K Greer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - D Elbaum
- Mercy Hospitals of Bakersfield, Bakersfield, CA, USA
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Nomura T. Recombination-induced revertant mosaicism in ichthyosis with confetti and loricrin keratoderma. J Dermatol Sci 2019; 97:94-100. [PMID: 31928837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Revertant mosaicism refers to a condition in which a pathogenic germline mutation is spontaneously corrected in somatic cells, resulting in the presence of two or more cell populations with different genotypes in an organism arising from a single fertilized egg. If the revertant cells are clonally expanded due to a survival advantage over the surrounding mutant cells, patients benefit from this self-healing phenomenon which leads to the development of milder-than-expected clinical phenotypes; in genetic skin diseases, patients with revertant mosaicism present with small islands of healthy skin. To date, revertant mosaicism has been reported in ∼50 genetic diseases involving the skin, blood, liver, muscle, and brain. In this review, I briefly summarize current knowledge on revertant mosaicism in two particular skin diseases, ichthyosis with confetti (IWC) and loricrin keratoderma (LK), both of which develop numerous revertant skin patches. Notably, homologous recombination (HR) is the only mechanism underlying the reversion of pathogenic mutations in IWC and LK, and this was identified following the analysis of ∼50 revertant epidermis samples. All the samples showed long-tract loss of heterozygosity (LOH) that originated at regions centromeric to pathogenic mutations and extended to the telomere of the mutation-harboring chromosomes. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying revertant mosaicism in IWC and LK-especially how mutant proteins induce long-tract LOH-would potentially expand the possibility of manipulating HR to induce the reversion of disease-causing mutations and help devising novel therapies not only for IWC and LK but also for other intractable genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Renz P, Imahorn E, Spoerri I, Aushev M, March OP, Wariwoda H, Von Arb S, Volz A, Itin PH, Reichelt J, Burger B. Arginine- but not alanine-rich carboxy-termini trigger nuclear translocation of mutant keratin 10 in ichthyosis with confetti. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:8442-8452. [PMID: 31638346 PMCID: PMC6850952 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ichthyosis with confetti (IWC) is a genodermatosis associated with dominant-negative variants in keratin 10 (KRT10) or keratin 1 (KRT1). These frameshift variants result in extended aberrant proteins, localized to the nucleus rather than the cytoplasm. This mislocalization is thought to occur as a result of the altered carboxy (C)-terminus, from poly-glycine to either a poly-arginine or -alanine tail. Previous studies on the type of C-terminus and subcellular localization of the respective mutant protein are divergent. In order to fully elucidate the pathomechanism of IWC, a greater understanding is critical. This study aimed to establish the consequences for localization and intermediate filament formation of altered keratin 10 (K10) C-termini. To achieve this, plasmids expressing distinct KRT10 variants were generated. Sequences encoded all possible reading frames of the K10 C-terminus as well as a nonsense variant. A keratinocyte line was transfected with these plasmids. Additionally, gene editing was utilized to introduce frameshift variants in exon 6 and exon 7 at the endogenous KRT10 locus. Cellular localization of aberrant K10 was observed via immunofluorescence using various antibodies. In each setting, immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated aberrant nuclear localization of K10 featuring an arginine-rich C-terminus. However, this was not observed with K10 featuring an alanine-rich C-terminus. Instead, the protein displayed cytoplasmic localization, consistent with wild-type and truncated forms of K10. This study demonstrates that, of the various 3' frameshift variants of KRT10, exclusively arginine-rich C-termini lead to nuclear localization of K10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Renz
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity Hospital Basel and University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Elias Imahorn
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity Hospital Basel and University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Iris Spoerri
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity Hospital Basel and University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Magomet Aushev
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial ResearchInstitute of Genetic MedicineNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Oliver P. March
- Department of DermatologyEB House AustriaUniversity Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Hedwig Wariwoda
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity Hospital Basel and University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Sarah Von Arb
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity Hospital Basel and University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Andreas Volz
- DermatologyUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Peter H. Itin
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity Hospital Basel and University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- DermatologyUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Julia Reichelt
- Department of DermatologyEB House AustriaUniversity Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Bettina Burger
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity Hospital Basel and University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
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