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Ma Y, Hou B, Zong J, Liu S. Potential molecular mechanisms and clinical implications of piRNAs in preeclampsia: a review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2024; 22:73. [PMID: 38915084 PMCID: PMC11194991 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-024-01247-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a multisystem progressive condition and is one of the most serious complications of pregnancy. Owing to its unclear pathogenesis, there are no precise and effective therapeutic targets for preeclampsia, and the only available treatment strategy is to terminate the pregnancy and eliminate the clinical symptoms. In recent years, non-coding RNAs have become a hotspot in preeclampsia research and have shown promise as effective biomarkers for the early diagnosis of preeclampsia over conventional biochemical markers. PIWI-interacting RNAs, novel small non-coding RNA that interact with PIWI proteins, are involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of PIWI-interacting RNAs in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia remain unclear. In this review, we discuss the findings of existing studies on PIWI-interacting RNA biogenesis, functions, and their possible roles in preeclampsia, providing novel insights into the potential application of PIWI-interacting RNAs in the early diagnosis and clinical treatment of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxuan Ma
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, Shandong, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao , Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Bo Hou
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao , Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Jinbao Zong
- Department of Laboratory, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affliated of Qingdao University (Oingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), 4 Renmin Road, Qingdao, 266033, China.
| | - Shiguo Liu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, Shandong, China.
- Department of Medical Genetics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao , Shandong, 266003, China.
- Medical Genetic Department, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Liu Z, Zhao X. piRNAs as emerging biomarkers and physiological regulatory molecules in cardiovascular disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 711:149906. [PMID: 38640879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent one of the most considerable global health threats, owing to their high incidence and mortality rates. Despite the ongoing advancements in detection, prevention, treatment, and prognosis of CVD, which have resulted in a decline in both incidence and mortality rates, CVD remains a major public health concern. Therefore, novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic interventions are imperative to minimise the risk of CVD. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have recently gained increasing attention, with PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) emerging as a class of small ncRNAs traditionally recognised for their role in silencing transposons within cells. Although the functional roles of PIWI proteins and piRNAs in human cells remain unclear, growing evidence suggests that these molecules are gradually becoming valuable biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of CVD. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest studies on piRNAs in CVD. This review discusses the roles of piRNAs in various cardiovascular subtypes, including myocardial hypertrophy, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and cardiac regeneration. The perceived insights may contribute novel perspectives for the diagnosis and treatment of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Precision Medicine, Kunming YanAn Hospital & Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China; Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Bayer HealthCare, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Xi Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Precision Medicine, Kunming YanAn Hospital & Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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Zhang M, Shi J, Zhu Y, Pan H, Song L, Deng H. Polystyrene nanoplastics induce vascular stenosis via regulation of the PIWI-interacting RNA expression profile. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123441. [PMID: 38272162 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs) have become common worldwide and attracted increasing attention due to their serious toxic effects. Owing to their higher surface area and volume ratios and ability to easily enter tissues, NPs impose more serious toxic effects than microplastics. However, the effect of NP exposure on vascular stenosis remains unclear. To measure the effects of polystyrene NP (PS-NP) exposure on vascular toxicity, we conducted analyses of blood biochemical parameters, pathological histology, high-throughput sequencing, and bioinformatics. Red fluorescent PS-NPs (100 nm) were effectively uptake by mouse vascular arterial tissue. The uptake of PS-NPs resulted in vascular toxicity, including alterations in lipid metabolism and thickening of the arterial wall. Based on PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) sequencing, 1547 and 132 differentially expressed piRNAs (DEpiRNAs) were detected in the PS-NP treatment group after 180 and 30 days, including 787 and 86 upregulated and 760 and 46 downregulated compared with the control group, respectively. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses indicated that the target genes of DEpiRNAs were mostly involved in cell growth and cell motility-related signaling, such as the MAPK signaling pathway. This is the first study to highlight the alteration in piRNA levels in mouse vascular arterial tissue after PS-NP exposure. This study adds to the knowledge regarding the regulatory mechanism of pathological changes induced by PS-NP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200336, China.
| | - Jun Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqian Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huichao Pan
- Division of Cardiology, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200336, China
| | - Lei Song
- Division of Cardiology, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200336, China
| | - Huiping Deng
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Chi H, Chai Y, Ma L, Wang Y, Wu Q, Wang L, Zhai J, Ma F, Tian Y, Qi N, Peng J, Fu Y, Yang X, Huang H, Ma S. The mechanism by which piR-000699 targets SLC39A14 regulates ferroptosis in aging myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024. [PMID: 38439666 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a classic type of cardiovascular disease characterized by injury to cardiomyocytes leading to different types of cell death. The degree of irreversible myocardial damage is closely related to age, and ferroptosis is involved in cardiomyocyte damage. However, the mechanisms underlying ferroptosis regulation in aging myocardial I/R injury are still unclear. The present study aims to explore the underlying mechanism of piRNA regulation in ferroptosis. Using left anterior descending coronary artery ligation in an aging rat model and a D-galactose-induced rat cardiomyocyte line (H9C2) to construct an aging cardiomyocyte model, we investigate whether ferroptosis occurs after reperfusion injury in vitro and in vivo. This study focuses on the upregulation of piR-000699 after hypoxia/reoxygenation treatment in aging cardiomyocytes by observing hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury indicators and ferroptosis-related indicators and clarifying the role of piR-000699 in H/R injury caused by ferroptosis in aging cardiomyocytes. Bioinformatics analysis reveals that SLC39A14 is a gene that binds to piR-000699. Our data show that ferroptosis plays an important role in I/R injury both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the results show the potential role of piR-000699 in regulating SLC39A14 in ferroptosis in aging cardiomyocytes under hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions. Together, our results reveal that the mechanism by which piR-000699 binds to SLC39A14 regulates ferroptosis in aging myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Chi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yue'e Chai
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
| | - Lingju Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Department of Geriatrics and Special Needs Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yichen Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Qianqian Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Lexin Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Junjie Zhai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Fufun Ma
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yancheng Tian
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Ning Qi
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jianhong Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Youjuan Fu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Geriatrics and Special Needs Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Shengchao Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
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Jia D, Wang K, Huang L, Zhou Z, Zhang Y, Chen N, Yang Q, Wen Z, Jiang H, Yao C, Wu R. Revealing PPP1R12B and COL1A1 as piRNA pathway genes contributing to abdominal aortic aneurysm through integrated analysis and experimental validation. Gene 2024; 897:148068. [PMID: 38070790 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a permanent dilation of the abdominal aorta, with a high mortality rate when rupturing. Although lots of piRNA pathway genes (piRPGs) have recently been linked to both neoplastic and non-neoplastic illnesses, their role in AAA is still unknown. Utilizing integrative bioinformatics methods, this research discovered piRPGs as biomarkers for AAA and explore possible molecular mechanisms. METHODS The datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus and piRPGs were identified from the Genecards database. The "limma" and "clusterProfiler" R-packages were used to discover differentially expressed genes and perform enrichment analysis, respectively. Hub piRPGs were further filtered using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, random forests, as well as receiver operating characteristic curve. Additionally, multi-factor logistic regression (MLR), extreme gradient boosting (XGboost), and artificial neural network (ANN) were employed to construct prediction models. The relationship between hub piRPGs and immune infiltrating cells and sgGSEA were further studied. The expression of hub piRPGs was verified by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting in AAA and normal vascular tissues and analyzed by scRNA-seq in mouse AAA model. SRAMP and cMAP database were utilized for the prediction of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) targets therapeutic drug. RESULTS 34 differentially expressed piRPGs were identified in AAA and enriched in pathways of immune regulation and gene silence. Three piRPGs (PPP1R12B, LRP10, and COL1A1) were further screened as diagnostic genes and used to construct prediction model. Compared with MLR and ANN, Xgboost showed better predictive ability, and PPP1R12B might have the ability to distinguish small and large AAA. Furthermore, the expression levels of PPP1R12B and COL1A1 were consistent with the results of bioinformatics analysis, and PPP1R12B showed a downward trend that may be related to m6A. CONCLUSION The results suggest that piRPGs might serve a significant role in AAA. PPP1R12B, COL1A1, and LRP10 had potential as diagnostic-specific biomarkers for AAA and performed better in XGboost model. The expression and localization of PPP1R12B and COL1A1 were experimentally verified. Besides, downregulation of PPP1R12B caused by m6A might contribute to the formation of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Jia
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Kangjie Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Lin Huang
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Zhihao Zhou
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Yinfeng Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, PR China
| | - Nuo Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Qingqi Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Zengjin Wen
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, PR China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Chen Yao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Ridong Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
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Wu Z, Yu X, Zhang S, He Y, Guo W. Novel roles of PIWI proteins and PIWI-interacting RNAs in human health and diseases. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:343. [PMID: 38031146 PMCID: PMC10685540 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01368-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNA has aroused great research interest recently, they play a wide range of biological functions, such as regulating cell cycle, cell proliferation, and intracellular substance metabolism. Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are emerging small non-coding RNAs that are 24-31 nucleotides in length. Previous studies on piRNAs were mainly limited to evaluating the binding to the PIWI protein family to play the biological role. However, recent studies have shed more lights on piRNA functions; aberrant piRNAs play unique roles in many human diseases, including diverse lethal cancers. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of piRNAs expression and the specific functional roles of piRNAs in human diseases is crucial for developing its clinical applications. Presently, research on piRNAs mainly focuses on their cancer-specific functions but lacks investigation of their expressions and epigenetic modifications. This review discusses piRNA's biogenesis and functional roles and the recent progress of functions of piRNA/PIWI protein complexes in human diseases. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yuting He
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Li M, Li G, Yang Y, Zong J, Fu X, Htet ALH, Li X, Li T, Wang J, Yu T. piRNA-823 is a novel potential therapeutic target in aortic dissection. Pharmacol Res 2023; 196:106932. [PMID: 37739144 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Aortic dissection (AD) presents a medical challenge for clinicians. Here, to determine the role of a novel small non-coding piRNA-823 (piR-823) in AD, murine and human aorta from patients with AD were used. A high expression levels of piR-823 were found in patients with AD. Using performed loss- and gain-of-function assays in vitro and in vivo, we explore the regulatory effect of piR-823 on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and AD. piR-823 obviously facilitates the proliferation, migration, and phenotypic transformation of VSMCs with or without nicotine treatment. piR-823 directly binds and suppresses histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) expression, and regulates the acetylation of histone 3 (H3) via H3K9ac and H3K27ac, eventually, VSMC functions and AD. To consolidate our findings, AD murine model was performed, and we observed that piR-823 antagomir strongly inhibited the pathogenesis of AD through regulating vascular remodeling. Thus, our study finds a potential target for the prevention and treatment strategy for nicotine-induced AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Central Laboratory, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinbao Zong
- Clinical Laboratory, Central Laboratory, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuxiu Fu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Aung Lynn Htet Htet
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxiang Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxun Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- Clinical Laboratory, Central Laboratory, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China; Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, People's Republic of China.
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Yuan M, Feng Y, Zhao M, Xu T, Li L, Guo K, Hou D. Identification and verification of genes associated with hypoxia microenvironment in Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16252. [PMID: 37759083 PMCID: PMC10533856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43595-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) increases year by year, more people begin to study this disease. In recent years, many studies on reactive oxygen species (ROS), neuroinflammation, autophagy, and other fields have confirmed that hypoxia is closely related to AD. However, no researchers have used bioinformatics methods to study the relationship between AD and hypoxia. Therefore, our study aimed to screen the role of hypoxia-related genes in AD and clarify their diagnostic significance. A total of 7681 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in GSE33000 by differential expression analysis and cluster analysis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to detect 9 modules and 205 hub genes with high correlation coefficients. Next, machine learning algorithms were applied to 205 hub genes and four key genes were selected. Through the verification of external dataset and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), the AD diagnostic model was established by ANTXR2, BDNF and NFKBIA. The bioinformatics analysis results suggest that hypoxia-related genes may increase the risk of AD. However, more in-depth studies are still needed to investigate their association, this article would guide the insights and directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Yuan
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Department of Neurology, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Yanjin Feng
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Department of Neurology, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Mingri Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Ting Xu
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Department of Neurology, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Liuhong Li
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Department of Neurology, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Ke Guo
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Department of Neurology, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Deren Hou
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Department of Neurology, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China.
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9
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Zhang K, Li Y, Huang Y, Sun K. PiRNA in Cardiovascular Disease: Focus on Cardiac Remodeling and Cardiac Protection. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2023; 16:768-777. [PMID: 37407865 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10353-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are common causes of death, which take about 18.6 million lives worldwide every year. Currently, exploring strategies that delay ventricular remodeling, reduce cardiomyocyte death, and promote cardiomyocyte regeneration has been the hotspot and difficulty of the ischemic heart disease (IHD) research field. Previous studies indicate that piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of cardiac remodeling and may offer novel therapeutic strategies for cardiac repair. The best-known biological function of piRNA is to silence transposons in cells. In the cardiovascular system, piRNA is known to participate in cardiac progenitor cell proliferation, AKT pathway regulation, and cardiac remodeling and decompensation. In this review, we systematically discuss the research progress on piRNA in CVDs, especially the mechanism of cardiac remodeling and the potential functions in cardiac protection, which provides new insights for the progress and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) is one of the noncoding RNAs, with the best -known biological function to silence transposons in cells. Now piRNA is found to participate in cardiac progenitor cell proliferation, AKT pathway regulation, cardiac remodeling and decompensation, which implies the potential of piRNA in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Over expression of piRNA could promote cardiac apoptosis and cardiac hypertrophy, thus targeted therapy which inhibits expression of associated piRNA may reduce cardiac remodeling and reduce inflammation caused by necrotic cardiomyocytes. PiRNA is also speculated to participate in the proliferation of cardiac progenitor cells, implying the potential to induce cardiac regeneration th erapy, which provides new insights for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. At present, the treatment strategy of cardiac remodeling emphasizes the control of risk factors, prevention of disease progression and individualized treatment. With further studies in mechanism of piRNA, potential therapies above may come true and more therapies in cardiovascular diseases may be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Gusu School, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yafei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Gusu School, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Central Laboratory, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kangyun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Gusu School, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Zhang L, Wu L, Zhu X, Mei J, Chen Y. Paeonol represses A549 cell glycolytic reprogramming and proliferation by decreasing m6A modification of Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2023; 66:248-256. [PMID: 37635484 DOI: 10.4103/cjop.cjop-d-22-00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycolytic reprogramming is involved in lung cancer progression by promoting the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cells. Paeonol, as a traditional Chinese medicine, plays a critical role in multiple cancer cell proliferation and inflammation. Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACADM) is involved in the development of metabolic diseases. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is important for the regulation of messenger RNA stability, splicing, and translation. Here, we investigated whether paeonol regulates the proliferation and glycolytic reprogramming via ACADM with m6A modification in A549 cells (human non-small cell lung cancer cells). Cell counting kit 8, 5-Bromo-2-deoxyuridine, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation, flow cytometry analysis, western blotting and seahorse XFe24 extracellular flux analyzer assays showed that paeonol had a significant inhibitory effect against A549 cell proliferation and glycolysis. Mechanistically, ACADM was a functional target of paeonol. We also showed that the m6A reader YTH domain containing 1 plays an important role in m6A-modified ACADM expression, which is negatively regulated by paeonol, and is involved in A549 cell proliferation and glycolytic reprogramming. These results indicated the central function of paeonol in regulating A549 cell glycolytic reprogramming and proliferation via m6A modification of ACADM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China; Department of Immunology, College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China
| | - Lihua Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Xiangrui Zhu
- Department of Immunology, College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China
| | - Jian Mei
- Department of Immunology, College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China
| | - Yingli Chen
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China; Department of Immunology, College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China
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Yao Y, Li Y, Zhu X, Zhao C, Yang L, Huang X, Wang L. The emerging role of the piRNA/PIWI complex in respiratory tract diseases. Respir Res 2023; 24:76. [PMID: 36915129 PMCID: PMC10010017 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02367-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) is a class of recently discovered small non-coding RNA molecules with a length of 18-33 nt that interacts with the PIWI protein to form the piRNA/PIWI complex. The PIWI family is a subfamily of Argonaute (AGO) proteins that also contain the AGO family which bind to microRNA (miRNA). Recently studies indicate that piRNAs are not specific to in the mammalian germline, they are also expressed in a tissue-specific manner in a variety of human tissues and participated in various of diseases, such as cardiovascular, neurological, and urinary tract diseases, and are especially prevalent in malignant tumors in these systems. However, the functions and abnormal expression of piRNAs in respiratory tract diseases and their underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this review, we discuss current studies summarizing the biogenetic processes, functions, and emerging roles of piRNAs in respiratory tract diseases, providing a reference value for future piRNA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhu Yao
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaozhe Li
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiayan Zhu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengguang Zhao
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lehe Yang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liangxing Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
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Wang Y, Liu T, Xiao W, Bai Y, Yue D, Feng L. Ox-LDL induced profound changes of small non-coding RNA in rat endothelial cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1060719. [PMID: 36824457 PMCID: PMC9941181 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1060719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common cardiovascular disease with a high incidence rate and mortality. Endothelial cell injury and dysfunction are early markers of AS. Oxidative low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) is a key risk factor for the development of AS. Ox-LDL promotes endothelial cell apoptosis and induces inflammation and oxidative stress in endothelial cells. Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) mainly include Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and repeat-associated RNAs. Studies have shown that small non-coding RNAs play an increasingly important role in diseases. Methods We used ox-LDL to treat rat endothelial cells to simulate endothelial cell injury. The expression changes of sncRNA were analyzed by small RNA high-throughput sequencing, and the expression changes of piRNA, snoRNA, snRNA, miRNA and repeat-associated RNA were verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results Small RNA sequencing showed that 42 piRNAs were upregulated and 38 piRNAs were downregulated in endothelial cells treated with ox-LDL. PiRNA DQ614630 promoted the apoptosis of endothelial cells. The snoRNA analysis results showed that 80 snoRNAs were upregulated and 68 snoRNAs were downregulated in endothelial cells with ox-LDL treatment, and snoRNA ENSRNOT00000079032.1 inhibited the apoptosis of endothelial cells. For snRNA, we found that 20 snRNAs were upregulated and 26 snRNAs were downregulated in endothelial cells with ox-LDL treatment, and snRNA ENSRNOT00000081005.1 increased the apoptosis of endothelial cells. Analysis of miRNAs indicated that 106 miRNAs were upregulated and 91 miRNAs were downregulated in endothelial cells with ox-LDL treatment, and miRNA rno-novel-136-mature promoted the apoptosis of endothelial cells. The repeat RNA analysis results showed that 4 repeat RNAs were upregulated and 6 repeat RNAs were downregulated in endothelial cells treated with ox-LDL. Discussion This study first reported the expression changes of sncRNAs in endothelial cells with ox-LDL treatment, which provided new markers for the diagnosis and treatment of endothelial cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wenying Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Shidong Hospital, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Yao J, Xie M, Ma X, Song J, Wang Y, Xue X. PIWI-interacting RNAs in cancer: Biogenesis, function, and clinical significance. Front Oncol 2022; 12:965684. [PMID: 36212439 PMCID: PMC9539321 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.965684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a less-studied class of small non-coding RNAs approximately 24–31 nucleotides in length. They express in germline and somatic cells and form complexes with PIWI proteins to exert regulatory effects. New studies show that piRNAs are aberrantly expressed in various cancers. In this review, we focus on those piRNAs that are associated with cancer hallmarks such as proliferation, invasion, and chemoresistance and discuss their potential as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, The Chinese People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xidong Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, The Chinese People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China
| | - Yuanyong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xinying Xue
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China
- *Correspondence: Xinying Xue,
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Jia DD, Jiang H, Zhang YF, Zhang Y, Qian LL, Zhang YF. The regulatory function of piRNA/PIWI complex in cancer and other human diseases: The role of DNA methylation. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:3358-3373. [PMID: 35637965 PMCID: PMC9134905 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.68221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a class of short chain noncoding RNAs that are constituted by 26-30 nucleotides (nt) and can couple with PIWI protein family. piRNAs were initially described in germline cells and are believed to be critical regulators of the maintenance of reproductive line. Increasing evidence has extended our perspectives on the biological significance of piRNAs and indicated that they could still affect somatic gene expression through DNA methylation, chromatin modification and transposon silencing, etc. Many studies have revealed that the dysregulation of piRNAs might contribute to diverse diseases through epigenetic changes represented by DNA methylation and chromatin modification. In this review, we summarized piRNA/PIWI protein-mediated DNA methylation regulation mechanisms and methylation changes caused by piRNA/PIWI proteins in different diseases, especially cancers. Since DNA methylation and inhibitory chromatin marks represented by histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation frequently cooperate to silence genomic regions, we also included methylation in chromatin modification within this discussion. Furthermore, we discussed the potential clinical applications of piRNAs as a new type promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, as well as the significance of piRNA/PIWI protein-associated methylation changes in treatment, providing disparate insights into the potential applications of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Jia
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat - Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Fei Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Li-Li Qian
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Yin-Feng Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
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Ma C, Zhang L, Wang X, He S, Bai J, Li Q, Zhang M, Zhang C, Yu X, Zhang J, Xin W, Li Y, Zhu D. piRNA-63076 contributes to pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation through acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5260-5273. [PMID: 32227582 PMCID: PMC7205801 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are thought to be germline-specific and to be involved in maintaining genome stability during development. Recently, piRNA expression has been identified in somatic cells in diverse organisms. However, the roles of piRNAs in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation and the molecular mechanism underlying the hypoxia-regulated pathological process of pulmonary hypertension are not well understood. Using hypoxic animal models, cell and molecular biology, we obtained the first evidence that the expression of piRNA-63076 was up-regulated in hypoxia and was positively correlated with cell proliferation. Subsequently, we showed that acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (Acadm), which is negatively regulated by piRNA-63076 and interacts with Piwi proteins, was involved in hypoxic PASMC proliferation. Finally, Acadm inhibition under hypoxia was partly attributed to DNA methylation of the Acadm promoter region mediated by piRNA-63076. Overall, these findings represent invaluable resources for better understanding the role of epigenetics in pulmonary hypertension associated with piRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Ma
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing)DaqingChina
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical University (Daqing)DaqingChina
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing)DaqingChina
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical University (Daqing)DaqingChina
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing)DaqingChina
- College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Siyu He
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing)DaqingChina
- College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - June Bai
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing)DaqingChina
- College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Qian Li
- College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Min Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing)DaqingChina
- College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of PharmacyHarbin University of CommerceHarbinChina
| | - Xiufeng Yu
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing)DaqingChina
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical University (Daqing)DaqingChina
| | - Junting Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing)DaqingChina
- College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Wei Xin
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing)DaqingChina
- College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yiying Li
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing)DaqingChina
- College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Daling Zhu
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing)DaqingChina
- College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
- State Province Key Laboratories of BiomedicinePharmaceutics of ChinaDaqingChina
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine ResearchMinistry of EducationHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
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