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Shaz BH, Schäfer R, Fontaine MJ, Norris PJ, McKenna DH, Jin P, Reems JA, Stroncek D, Tanashi M, Marks D, Geng H, Pati S. Local manufacturing processes contribute to variability in human mesenchymal stromal cell expansion while growth media supplements contribute to variability in gene expression and cell function: a Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) collaborative study. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:531-539. [PMID: 38043052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Culture-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) exhibit variable characteristics when manufactured using different methods, source material and culture media. The purpose of this multicenter study was to assess the impact on MSC expansion, gene expression and other characteristics when different laboratories expanded MSCs from cultures initiated with bone marrow-MSC aliquots derived from the same donor source material yet with different growth media. METHODS Eight centers expanded MSCs using four human platelet lysate (HPL) and one fetal bovine serum (FBS) products as media supplements. The expanded cells were taken through two passages then assessed for cell count, viability, doubling time, immunophenotype, cell function, immunosuppression and gene expression. Results were analyzed by growth media and by center. RESULTS Center methodologies varied by their local seeding density, feeding regimen, inoculation density, base media and other growth media features (antibiotics, glutamine, serum). Doubling times were more dependent on center than on media supplements. Two centers had appropriate immunophenotyping showing all MSC cultures were positive for CD105, CD73, CD90 and negative for CD34, CD45, CD14, HLA-DR. MSCs cultured in media supplemented with FBS compared with HPL featured greater T-cell inhibition potential. Gene expression analysis showed greater impact of the type of media supplement (HPL versus FBS) than the manufacturing center. Specifically, nine genes were decreased in expression and six increased when combining the four HPL-grown MSCs versus FBS (false discovery rate [FDR] <0.01), however, without significant difference between different sources of HPL (FDR <0.01). CONCLUSIONS Local manufacturing process plays a critical role in MSC expansion while growth media may influence function and gene expression. All HPL and FBS products supported cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth H Shaz
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Richard Schäfer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen gGmbH, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Magali J Fontaine
- University of Maryland School of Medical Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Philip J Norris
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Lab Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David H McKenna
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ping Jin
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jo-Anna Reems
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Facility, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - David Stroncek
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Minoko Tanashi
- Japanese Red Cross Blood Service Headquarters, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Denese Marks
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Huimin Geng
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shibani Pati
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Talpan D, Salla S, Meusel L, Walter P, Kuo CC, Franzen J, Fuest M. Cytoprotective Effects of Human Platelet Lysate during the Xeno-Free Culture of Human Donor Corneas. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032882. [PMID: 36769200 PMCID: PMC9917909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the suitability of 2% human platelet lysate medium (2%HPL) as a replacement for 2% fetal bovine serum medium (2%FBS) for the xeno-free organ culture of human donor corneas. A total of 32 corneas from 16 human donors were cultured in 2%FBS for 3 days (TP1), then evaluated using phase contrast microscopy (endothelial cell density (ECD) and cell morphology). Following an additional 25-day culture period (TP2) in either 2%FBS or 2%HPL, the pairs were again compared using microscopy; then stroma and Descemet membrane/endothelium (DmE) were processed for next generation sequencing (NGS). At TP2 the ECD was higher in the 2%HPL group (2179 ± 288 cells/mm2) compared to 2%FBS (2113 ± 331 cells/mm2; p = 0.03), and endothelial cell loss was lower (ECL HPL = -0.7% vs. FBS = -3.8%; p = 0.01). There were no significant differences in cell morphology between TP1 and 2, or between 2%HPL and 2%FBS. NGS showed the differential expression of 1644 genes in endothelial cells and 217 genes in stromal cells. It was found that 2%HPL led to the upregulation of cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic genes (HMOX1, SERPINE1, ANGPTL4, LEFTY2, GADD45B, PLIN2, PTX3, GFRA1/2), and the downregulation of pro-inflammatory/apoptotic genes (e.g., CXCL14, SIK1B, PLK5, PPP2R3B, FABP5, MAL, GATA3). 2%HPL is a suitable xeno-free substitution for 2%FBS in human cornea organ culture, inducing less ECL and producing potentially beneficial alterations in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Talpan
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Salla
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Cornea Bank Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Linus Meusel
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Cornea Bank Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Walter
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Cornea Bank Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Chao-Chung Kuo
- Genomics Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Franzen
- Genomics Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Fuest
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Cornea Bank Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Talpan D, Salla S, Seidelmann N, Walter P, Fuest M. Antifibrotic Effects of Caffeine, Curcumin and Pirfenidone in Primary Human Keratocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021461. [PMID: 36674976 PMCID: PMC9862324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the small molecules (AFM) caffeine, curcumin and pirfenidone to find non-toxic concentrations reducing the transformation of activated human corneal stromal keratocytes (aCSK) to scar-inducing myofibroblasts (MYO-SF). CSK were isolated from 16 human corneas unsuitable for transplantation and expanded for three passages in control medium (0.5% FBS). Then, aCSK were exposed to concentrations of caffeine of 0−500 μM, curcumin of 0−200 μM, pirfenidone of 0−2.2 nM and the profibrotic cytokine TGF-β1 (10 ng/mL) for 48 h. Alterations in viability and gene expression were evaluated by cell viability staining (FDA/PI), real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunocytochemistry. We found that all AFMs reduced cell counts at high concentrations. The highest concentrations with no toxic effect were 100 µM of caffeine, 20 µM of curcumin and 1.1 nM of pirfenidone. The addition of TGF-β1 to the control medium effectively transformed aCSK into myofibroblasts (MYO-SF), indicated by a 10-fold increase in α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) expression, a 39% decrease in lumican (LUM) expression and a 98% decrease in ALDH3A1 expression (p < 0.001). The concentrations of 100 µM of caffeine, 20/50 µM of curcumin and 1.1 nM of pirfenidone each significantly reduced SMA expression under TGF-β1 stimulation (p ≤ 0.024). LUM and ALDH3A1 expression remained low under TGF-β1 stimulation, independently of AFM supplementation. Immunocytochemistry showed that 100 µM of caffeine, 20 µM of curcumin and 1.1 nM of pirfenidone reduce the conversion rate of aCSK to SMA+ MYO-SF. In conclusion, in aCSK, 100 µM of caffeine, 20 µM of curcumin and 1.1 nM of pirfenidone significantly reduced SMA expression and MYO-SF conversion under TGF-β1 stimulation, with no influence on cell counts. However, the AFMs were unable to protect aCSK from characteristic marker loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Talpan
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Salla
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Cornea Bank Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nina Seidelmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Walter
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Cornea Bank Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Fuest
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Cornea Bank Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Urzì O, Olofsson Bagge R, Crescitelli R. The dark side of foetal bovine serum in extracellular vesicle studies. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12271. [PMID: 36214482 PMCID: PMC9549727 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/1912] [Revised: 12/12/1912] [Accepted: 12/12/1912] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to be involved in cell-cell communication and to take part in both physiological and pathological processes. Thanks to their exclusive cargo, which includes proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids from the originating cells, they are gaining interest as potential biomarkers of disease. In recent years, their appealing features have been fascinating researchers from all over the world, thus increasing the number of in vitro studies focused on EV release, content, and biological activities. Cultured cell lines are the most-used source of EVs; however, the EVs released in cell cultures are influenced by the cell culture conditions, such as the use of foetal bovine serum (FBS). FBS is the most common supplement for cell culture media, but it is also a source of contaminants, such as exogenous bovine EVs, RNA, and protein aggregates, that can contaminate the cell-derived EVs and influence their cargo composition. The presence of FBS contaminants in cell-derived EV samples is a well-known issue that limits the clinical applications of EVs, thus increasing the need for standardization. In this review, we will discuss the pros and cons of using FBS in cell cultures as a source of EVs, as well as the protocols used to remove contaminants from FBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Urzì
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational MedicineDepartment of SurgeryInstitute of Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of BiomedicineNeurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D)University of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Roger Olofsson Bagge
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational MedicineDepartment of SurgeryInstitute of Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of SurgerySahlgrenska University HospitalRegion Västra GötalandGothenburgSweden
| | - Rossella Crescitelli
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational MedicineDepartment of SurgeryInstitute of Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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Mallis P, Michalopoulos E, Sarri EF, Papadopoulou E, Theodoropoulou V, Katsimpoulas M, Stavropoulos-Giokas C. Evaluation of the Regenerative Potential of Platelet-Lysate and Platelet-Poor Plasma Derived from the Cord Blood Units in Corneal Wound Healing Applications: An In Vitro Comparative Study on Corneal Epithelial Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4415-4438. [PMID: 36286018 PMCID: PMC9600746 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cord blood platelet lysate (CB-PL) and cord blood platelet poor plasma (CB-PPP) have been applied with success in wound healing applications. Pathologies such as Sjogrens’s Syndrome (SS) and chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) can lead to severe ophthalmology issues. The application of CB-PL and CB-PPP may be strongly considered for damaged cornea healing. This study aimed to the evaluation of the beneficial properties of CB-PL and CB-PPP in corneal wound healing applications. Methods: Initially, the CB-PL and CB-PPP were produced from donated cord blood units (CBUs), followed by biochemical analysis. Corneal epithelial cells (CECs) were isolated from wistar rats and then cultured with medium containing 20% v/v either of CB-PL or CB-PPP. To define the impact of CB-PL and CB-PPP, biochemical, morphological analysis, scratch-wound assays, and immunoassays in CECs were performed. Results: CB-PL and CB-PPP were characterized by good biochemical parameters, regarding their quality characteristics and biomolecule content. CECs’ morphological features did not change after their cultivation with CB-PL or CB-PPP. A scratch wound assay and molecular analysis of CECs expanded with CB-PL indicated higher migratory capacity compared to those cultured with CB-PPP. Conclusion: CB-PL and CB-PPP exhibited good properties with respect to cell migration and proliferation, and could be considered an alternative source for eye drop production, to possibly be used in cornea wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Mallis
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank (HCBB), Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou, 115 27 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-21-065-9734 or +30-697-161-6467; Fax: +30-210-659-7345
| | - Efstathios Michalopoulos
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank (HCBB), Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Faidra Sarri
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank (HCBB), Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Elena Papadopoulou
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank (HCBB), Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Theodoropoulou
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank (HCBB), Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Michalis Katsimpoulas
- Experimental Surgery Unit, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Βιοmedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Catherine Stavropoulos-Giokas
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank (HCBB), Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou, 115 27 Athens, Greece
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6
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Seidelmann N, Duarte Campos DF, Rohde M, Johnen S, Salla S, Yam GHF, Mehta JS, Walter P, Fuest M. Human platelet lysate as a replacement for fetal bovine serum in human corneal stromal keratocyte and fibroblast culture. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9647-9659. [PMID: 34486211 PMCID: PMC8505853 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The isolation and propagation of primary human corneal stromal keratocytes (CSK) are crucial for cellular research and corneal tissue engineering. However, this delicate cell type easily transforms into stromal fibroblasts (SF) and scar inducing myofibroblasts (Myo‐SF). Current protocols mainly rely on xenogeneic fetal bovine serum (FBS). Human platelet lysate (hPL) could be a viable, potentially autologous, alternative. We found high cell survival with both supplements in CSK and SF. Cell numbers and Ki67+ ratios increased with higher fractions of hPL and FBS in CSK and SF. We detected a loss in CSK marker expression (Col8A2, ALDH3A1 and LUM) with increasing fractions of FBS and hPL in CSK and SF. The expression of the Myo‐SF marker SMA increased with higher amounts of FBS but decreased with incremental hPL substitution in both cell types, implying an antifibrotic effect of hPL. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the RT‐PCR findings. bFGF and HGF were only found in hPL and could be responsible for suppressing the Myo‐SF conversion. Considering all findings, we propose 0.5% hPL as a suitable substitution in CSK culture, as this xeno‐free component efficiently preserved CSK characteristics, with non‐inferiority in terms of cell viability, cell number and proliferation in comparison to the established 0.5% FBS protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Seidelmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniela F Duarte Campos
- Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Malena Rohde
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sandra Johnen
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Salla
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Cornea Bank Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gary Hin-Fai Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jodhbir S Mehta
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Eye-Academic Clinical Program, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter Walter
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Cornea Bank Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Fuest
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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