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Thomas JT, Joseph B, Varghese S, Thomas NG, Kamalasanan Vijayakumary B, Sorsa T, Anil S, Waltimo T. Association between metabolic syndrome and salivary MMP-8, myeloperoxidase in periodontitis. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38852177 DOI: 10.1111/odi.15014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on periodontal clinical parameters and salivary biomarkers' matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in patients with periodontitis. METHODS A total of 120 participants aged 25-55 were categorized into three groups: MetS with periodontitis (n = 40); systemically healthy with periodontitis (n = 40); and systemically and periodontally healthy controls (n = 40). Data collected included systemic parameters like waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), high- and low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides (TG), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Periodontal parameters estimated included bleeding on probing score (BoP), full-mouth plaque score (FMPS), periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and the number of missing teeth. Unstimulated whole saliva was analyzed via ELISA for active MMP-8 (aMMP-8), total MMP-8 (tMMP-8), and MPO. RESULTS Participants with MetS and periodontitis exhibited significantly higher periodontal parameters, salivary aMMP-8, and MPO (26.26 vs. 24.1 ng/mL and 13.53 vs. 11.55 ng/mL compared to systemically healthy periodontitis patients) (all p < 0.01). Positive correlations occurred between aMMP-8 and WC, TG, and FBS (p < 0.01), and between MPO and WC, BP, and TG (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The positive associations between these biomarkers and metabolic parameters indicate their potential utility for monitoring cardiovascular and glycemic risk in patients with periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Toby Thomas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Betsy Joseph
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sajit Varghese
- Department of General Medicine, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | - Nebu George Thomas
- Department of Periodontics, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | | | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sukumaran Anil
- Department of Dentistry, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tuomas Waltimo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oral Health and Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Heikkinen AM, Sokka TT, Torppa-Saarinen E, Pimiä E, Jokinen M, Maijala M, Rantala I, Tervahartiala T, Sorsa T, Kauppila T. aMMP-8 Point-of-Care Test (POCT) Identifies Reliably Periodontitis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes as well as Monitors Treatment Response. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2224. [PMID: 37443617 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13132224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The link between diabetes and periodontitis is bi-directional: high glucose levels increase the risk of periodontitis and elevated oral fluid aMMP-8 as well as diabetic development while untreated periodontitis worsens glycaemic control. METHODS Type-2 patients (N = 161) underwent an aMMP-8 Point-of-Care Test (POCT) at diabetes clinics. If the test was positive, the patient was sent to an oral health care clinic and oral health examination, health-promoting as well as necessary treatment procedures were carried out. Only 41 patients underwent full clinical evaluations. At the end of the treatment, an aMMP-8 POCT (B) was performed and if the test was positive, the treatment was continued and a new test (C) was performed, aiming for test negativity. The glycated haemoglobin (GHbA1c) test was performed approximately 6 months from the original appointment. RESULTS GHbA1c concentrations did not decrease during the follow-up. The concentrations of aMMP-8 assessed by POCT, and clinical parameters decreased. Changes in GHbA1c and aMMP-8 levels assessed by POCT during the treatment correlated positively with each other (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION aMMP-8 POCT proved its reliability, and that its use is beneficial in the diabetes clinic, it enables identifying patients with periodontal findings reliably and guides them directly to an oral health clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Heikkinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, 33100 Tampere, Finland
- Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, 33400 Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | - Elina Pimiä
- Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, 33400 Tampere, Finland
| | - Minna Jokinen
- Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, 33400 Tampere, Finland
| | - Minna Maijala
- Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, 33400 Tampere, Finland
| | - Iina Rantala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Kauppila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, 33100 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Kim HN. Changes in salivary matrix metalloproteinase-3, -8, and -9 concentrations after 6 weeks of non-surgical periodontal therapy. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:175. [PMID: 35562715 PMCID: PMC9101994 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies using salivary inflammatory biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring the progression of periodontal disease have garnered increased attention in recent years. The present study aimed to identify changes in clinical parameters and concentrations of salivary matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) following 6 weeks of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Methods A 6-week NSPT program was applied to 51 adults aged ≥ 20 years. The program involved scaling, root planing, and professional toothbrushing for healthy participants and those with periodontal disease. Patients with periodontal disease underwent professional toothbrushing during all three visits. Periodontal pocket depth (PD) and gingival bleeding were assessed at week 0, week 3, and week 6, and saliva samples were collected to measure the concentrations of MMP-3, -8, and -9. Results All clinical parameters were improved in the periodontal disease groups following the NSPT course. Compared with healthy participants, the patients with periodontal disease showed increased concentrations of salivary MMP-3, -8, and -9. During the 6-week program, patients with periodontal disease also showed significant reductions in PD and gingival bleeding during the third week; no significant reduction was found during the sixth week. Significant reductions in the concentrations of salivary MMP-3, -8, and -9 were also noted in the periodontal disease group at week 3. The sensitivity and specificity of MMP-3 for predicting periodontitis were 81.8% and 55.5%, respectively. Conclusion The present study found that NSPT resulted in reductions of salivary MMP-3, -8, and -9, and identified the potential of MMP-3 as a biomarker in the diagnosis of periodontal disease. These findings may serve as foundational data for future studies into the development of diagnostic kits for periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Na Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Cheongju University, Cheonju, 28503, Korea.
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Ma R, Xie X, Zhao L, Wu Y, Wang J. Discoidin domain receptors (DDRs): Potential implications in periodontitis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:189-198. [PMID: 34431091 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease leading to the destruction of periodontal tissues associated with high prevalence and significant economic burden. As special collagen-binding tyrosine kinase receptors, the discoidin domain receptors (DDRs) can control cell migration, adhesion, proliferation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. DDRs are constitutively expressed and widely distributed in periodontal tissues which are rich in collagen. Ddr1/2 knockout mice showed significant periodontal defects including connective tissue destruction, alveolar bone loss, and even tooth loss. It has been demonstrated that bone homeostasis, inflammation, matrix metalloproteinases, and autophagy are crucial characteristics involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Of note, DDRs have been reported to participate in the above pathophysiological processes, implicating the potential roles of DDRs in periodontitis. In this review article, we aim to illustrate the possible roles of DDRs in periodontitis in an attempt to explore their potential value as therapeutic targets for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xudong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yafei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Kim HD, Kim S, Jeon S, Kim SJ, Cho HJ, Choi YN. Diagnostic and Prognostic ability of salivary MMP-9 and S100A8 for periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47:1191-1200. [PMID: 32744384 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Salivary diagnostic using matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and S100 for periodontitis is a promising issue. However, its prognostic effect is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic ability of salivary MMP-9 and S100A8 for periodontitis through non-surgical periodontitis treatment clinical trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total 149 participants, 99 periodontitis and 50 healthy, were recruited. Among 99 non-surgical periodontitis treatment participants, 74 participants were revisited after three months. Periodontitis was classified as stage II-IV of new classification of periodontitis proposed at 2018. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to quantify salivary MMP-9 and S100A8. Receiver operating characteristic curve was applied for diagnostic ability. Paired t test was applied for prognostic ability evaluating changes in salivary markers between pre- and post-treatment. RESULTS Salivary MMP-9 and S100A8 were associated with periodontitis (p < .05). The screening ability of algorithm using salivary MMP-9 and S100A8 for periodontitis was 0.86 (p < .05). After treatment, reduction rate of salivary S100A8 and MMP-9 was 83.7% and 23.5%, respectively, (p < .05): only salivary S100A8 was superior compared to clinical parameters. CONCLUSION Algorithm using salivary MMP-9 and S100A8 showed high diagnostic power for periodontitis. Both salivary S100A8 and MMP-9 showed prognostic ability for periodontitis, but S100A8 was better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Duck Kim
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungtae Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sumin Jeon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunity, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon-Jip Kim
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Cho
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Nim Choi
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunity, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Nazar Majeed Z, Philip K, Alabsi AM, Pushparajan S, Swaminathan D. Identification of Gingival Crevicular Fluid Sampling, Analytical Methods, and Oral Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:1804727. [PMID: 28074077 PMCID: PMC5198140 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1804727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background. Several studies in the last decades have focused on finding a precise method for the diagnosis of periodontal disease in its early stages. Aim. To evaluate from current scientific literature the most common and precise method for gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) sample collection, biomarker analytical methods, and the variability of biomarker quantification, even when using the same analytical technique. Methodology. An electronic search was conducted on in vivo studies that presented clinical data on techniques used for GCF collection and biomarker analysis. Results. The results showed that 71.1%, 24.7%, and 4.1% of the studies used absorption, microcapillary, and washing techniques, respectively, in their gingival crevicular fluid collection. 73.1% of the researchers analyzed their samples by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 22.6%, 19.5%, and 18.5% of the researchers included interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), respectively, in their studies as biomarkers for periodontal disease. Conclusion. IL-1β can be considered among the most common biomarkers that give precise results and can be used as an indicator of periodontal disease progression. Furthermore, paper strips are the most convenient and accurate method for gingival crevicular fluid collection, while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay can be considered the most conventional method for the diagnosis of biofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyad Nazar Majeed
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Koshy Philip
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A. M. Alabsi
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saravanan Pushparajan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dasan Swaminathan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kim HD, Shin MS, Kim HT, Kim MS, Ahn YB. Incipient periodontitis and salivary molecules among Korean adults: association and screening ability. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43:1032-1040. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Duck Kim
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
- Dental Research Institute; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Myung-Seop Shin
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Hyun-Tae Kim
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Kim
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Yoo-Been Ahn
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
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9
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Kim HD, Sukhbaatar M, Shin M, Ahn YB, Yoo WS. Validation of periodontitis screening model using sociodemographic, systemic, and molecular information in a Korean population. J Periodontol 2015; 85:1676-83. [PMID: 24965062 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.140061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to evaluate and validate a periodontitis screening model that includes sociodemographic, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and molecular information, including gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), and blood cytokines. METHODS The authors selected 506 participants from the Shiwha-Banwol cohort: 322 participants from the 2005 cohort for deriving the screening model and 184 participants from the 2007 cohort for its validation. Periodontitis was assessed by dentists using the community periodontal index. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α in blood and MMP-8, -9, and -13 in GCF were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MetS was assessed by physicians using physical examination and blood laboratory data. Information about age, sex, income, smoking, and drinking was obtained by interview. Logistic regression analysis was applied to finalize the best-fitting model and validate the model using sensitivity, specificity, and c-statistics. RESULTS The derived model for periodontitis screening had a sensitivity of 0.73, specificity of 0.85, and c-statistic of 0.86 (P <0.001); those of the validated model were 0.64, 0.91, and 0.83 (P <0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The model that included age, sex, income, smoking, drinking, and blood and GCF biomarkers could be useful in screening for periodontitis. A future prospective study is indicated for evaluating this model's ability to predict the occurrence of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Duck Kim
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Park HS, Nam HS, Seo HS, Hwang SJ. Change of periodontal inflammatory indicators through a 4-week weight control intervention including caloric restriction and exercise training in young Koreans: a pilot study. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:109. [PMID: 26385382 PMCID: PMC4575481 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent cross-sectional studies indicate that obesity is a risk factor for periodontal disease. Exercise training in high fat mice or rats can inhibit gingival inflammation effectively. The objective of this human intervention study was to investigate whether short-term weight control could affect periodontal indexes and serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) biomarkers in young Koreans. METHODS Forty-one obese volunteers (body mass index (BMI) > 25.0) and 12 normal weight subjects (18.5 ≤ BMI ≤ 23.0) participated in a four-week weight control program to analyze the changes in anthropometric criteria, the concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides in serum, gingival index, bleeding on probing, periodontal biomarkers in GCF, and dental plaque index at the first and the 27th days. RESULTS The means of obesity measures decreased significantly more in the obese group (BMI 2.53 ± 0.96, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) 4.88 ± 1.58 %, LDL 35.85 ± 21.74 mgdL(-1)) than in the normal weight group (BMI 0.78 ± 0.72, WHR 2.00 ± 0.95 %, LDL 15.58 ± 18.07 mgdL(-1)). While the obese group showed significant decreases in the biomarkers in GCF (IL-1β 58.38 ± 65.55 pgmL(-1), MMP-8 4.19 ± 5.61 ngmL(-1), MMP-9 3.36 ± 6.30 ngmL(-1)), the mean changes for the normal weight group (IL-1β 10.07 ± 21.08 pgmL(-1), MMP-8 1.49 ± 4.61 ngmL(-1), MMP-9 -1.52 ± 9.71 ngmL(-1)) were not statistically significant. Anthropometric measures and the amounts of GCF biomarkers had weak positive correlations (0.242 ≤ r ≤ 0.340), and LDL in serum correlated with MMP-8 (r = 0.332) and IL-1β (r = 0.342) in the obese group. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis in the obese group showed that the relationship between the amount of IL-1β in GCF and predictor variables including LDL and BMI was highly significant and accounted for 19.1 % of the variance in IL-1β in GCF. CONCLUSIONS In periodontally healthy subjects, weight control could reduce the amounts of MMP-8, MMP-9, and IL-1β in GCF of the obese subjects. Further studies with periodontally unhealthy and obese people are needed to identify the mechanism of decreases in inflammation biomarkers in GCF through weight control. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN86753073 (2015.08.14).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoo-Seob Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Hae-Sung Nam
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Hyung-Seok Seo
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Culture, Science & Technology, Konyang University, Nonsan, Chungcheongnamdo, South Korea.
| | - Soo-Jeong Hwang
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea. .,Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Medical Science, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea.
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Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (METs) and periodontal diseases are emerging worldwide community health problem. These common health problems may result with significant complications and increase community health expenses. METs is defined with the presence of hypertension, increased triglyceride levels, decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, abdominal obesity and elevated fasting glucose levels. The term "periodontal diseases" defines pathological inflammatory conditions of the gingiva and supporting tooth structures. In this review, basic clinical features and associations between metabolic syndrome and periodontal diseases have been underlined. In addition, basic research topics have been noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hatipoglu
- Dumlupinar University, Faculty of Dentistry/Periodontology, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - F Yaylak
- Dumlupinar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Kutahya, Turkey.
| | - Y Gungor
- Beypazari State Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Beypazari, Ankara, Turkey
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Pawar DD, Mehta DS. Effect of phase 1 periodontal therapy on gingival crevicular fluid levels of matrix metalloproteinases-3 and -13 in chronic periodontitis patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 6:118-24. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepali D. Pawar
- Department of Periodontics; Bapuji Dental College and Hospital; Davangere India
| | - Dhoom S. Mehta
- Department of Periodontics; Bapuji Dental College and Hospital; Davangere India
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