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Jiang W, Yan Z, Chen Z, Gu L, Bao H, Cao Y, Liu L, Yan B. Investigating oral microbiome profiles in patients with cleft lip and palate compared with the healthy control. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:623. [PMID: 38807164 PMCID: PMC11134767 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) have an oronasal communication differed from the closed state in healthy individuals, leading to a unique oral microbiome. This study aimed to determine if variances in the oral microbiota persist among CLP patients who have received treatments for the closure of these fistulas compared to the microbiota of healthy individuals. METHODS Saliva samples were collected from a cohort comprising 28 CLP patients (CLP group) and 30 healthy controls (HC group). Utilizing 16S rRNA sequencing on the Illumina NovaSeq platform, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the diversity and composition of the oral microbiota. RESULTS The analysis of the microbiota in the saliva samples revealed a total of 23 microbial phyla, 38 classes, 111 orders, 184 families, 327 genera and 612 species. The alpha diversity with microbial abundance and evenness indicated the significant difference between the CLP and HC groups. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and the ADONIS test further supported the presence of distinct microorganisms between the two groups. The CLP group displayed elevated abundances of Neisseria, Haemophilus, Porphyromonas, and Granulicatella, as indicated by LefSe analysis. Conversely, Rothia, Veillonella, and Pauljensenia exhibited significant reductions in abundance in the CLP group. The results of the PICRUSt analysis indicated significant differences in the relative abundance of 25 KEGG pathways within the CLP group. Through Spearman correlation analysis, strong associations between Rothia, Veillonella, and Pauljensenia and 25 functional pathways linked to CLP were identified. CONCLUSION Findings of this study offer a thorough comprehension of the microbiome profiles of CLP patients after the restoration of oronasal structure and are anticipated to present innovative concepts for the treatment of CLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Jiang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zixin Yan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zhenwei Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lanxin Gu
- Department of Prosthodontics, National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Han Bao
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ye Cao
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Luwei Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Radzki D, Negri A, Kusiak A, Obuchowski M. Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Periodontium-Vital in Tissue Turnover and Unfortunate in Periodontitis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2763. [PMID: 38474009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex non-cellular three-dimensional macromolecular network present within all tissues and organs, forming the foundation on which cells sit, and composed of proteins (such as collagen), glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, minerals, and water. The ECM provides a fundamental framework for the cellular constituents of tissue and biochemical support to surrounding cells. The ECM is a highly dynamic structure that is constantly being remodeled. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are among the most important proteolytic enzymes of the ECM and are capable of degrading all ECM molecules. MMPs play a relevant role in physiological as well as pathological processes; MMPs participate in embryogenesis, morphogenesis, wound healing, and tissue remodeling, and therefore, their impaired activity may result in several problems. MMP activity is also associated with chronic inflammation, tissue breakdown, fibrosis, and cancer invasion and metastasis. The periodontium is a unique anatomical site, composed of a variety of connective tissues, created by the ECM. During periodontitis, a chronic inflammation affecting the periodontium, increased presence and activity of MMPs is observed, resulting in irreversible losses of periodontal tissues. MMP expression and activity may be controlled in various ways, one of which is the inhibition of their activity by an endogenous group of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), as well as reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Radzki
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-208 Gdańsk, Poland
- Division of Molecular Bacteriology, Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Experimental Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Alessandro Negri
- Division of Molecular Bacteriology, Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Experimental Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aida Kusiak
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-208 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Obuchowski
- Division of Molecular Bacteriology, Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Experimental Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
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Nasiri O, Hajihassani M, Noori Goodarzi N, Fereshteh S, Bolourchi N, Firoozeh F, Azizi O, Badmasti F. Reverse vaccinology approach to identify novel and immunogenic targets against Porphyromonas gingivalis: An in silico study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273770. [PMID: 36040920 PMCID: PMC9426909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a primary causative agent of chronic periodontitis. Moreover, it leads to several systemic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and Alzheimer’s diseases. It seems that the development of a vaccine against this bacterium is necessary. Thus, this study decided to identify novel immunogenic targets and developed multiple epitope-based vaccines against P. gingivalis. For this purpose, the pan/core-proteome of this bacterium was studied, and the suitable vaccine targets were selected based on different properties, including exposed localization of proteins, antigenicity, non-allergenicity, non-similarity to host proteome, stability, B-cell epitopes and MHC II binding sites, sequence conservation, molecular docking, and immune simulation. Through the quartile scoring method, 12 proteins with ≥ 20 scores were considered as suitable immunogenic targets. The results of the protein domain and functional class search showed that most of the immunogenic proteins were involved in the transport and metabolism of inorganic ions and lipids. In addition, two unknown function proteins, including WP_004584259.1 and WP_099780539.1 were detected as immunogenic targets. Three constructions carrying multi-epitopes were generated including Naked, LCL, and as chimeric structures. Among them, FliC chimeric protein had the strongest affinity to the human TLR2, 4, and 6, while the LCL platform represented the highest level of immune stimulation response. The obtained results from this study revealed new insights into prophylactic routes against P. gingivalis by introducing novel immunogenic targets. However, further investigations, including site-directed mutation and immunoassay are needed to confirm the pathogenic role and protectivity of these novel proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Nasiri
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Hajihassani
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narjes Noori Goodarzi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Fereshteh
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Bolourchi
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Firoozeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - Omid Azizi
- Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat-e Heydarieh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat-e Heydarieh, Razavi Khorasan, Iran
| | - Farzad Badmasti
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
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Future Drug Targets in Periodontal Personalised Medicine—A Narrative Review. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12030371. [PMID: 35330371 PMCID: PMC8955099 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is an infection-driven inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. The establishment of chronic inflammation will result in progressive destruction of bone and soft tissue changes. Severe periodontitis can lead to tooth loss. The disease has complex pathogenesis with an interplay between genetic, environmental, and host factors and pathogens. Effective management consists of plaque control and non-surgical interventions, along with adjuvant strategies to control inflammation and disrupt the pathogenic subgingival biofilms. Recent studies have examined novel approaches for managing periodontal diseases such as modulating microbial signaling mechanisms, tissue engineering, and molecular targeting of host inflammatory substances. Mounting evidence suggests the need to integrate omics-based approaches with traditional therapy to address the disease. This article discusses the various evolving and future drug targets, including proteomics, gene therapeutics, vaccines, and nanotechnology in personalized periodontal medicine for the effective management of periodontal diseases.
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Shaker B, Ahmad S, Shen J, Kim HW, Na D. Computational Design of a Multi-Epitope Vaccine Against Porphyromonas gingivalis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:806825. [PMID: 35250977 PMCID: PMC8894597 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.806825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium associated with chronic periodontitis. The development of a chimeric peptide-based vaccine targeting this pathogen could be highly beneficial in preventing oral bone loss as well as other severe gum diseases. We applied a computational framework to design a multi-epitope-based vaccine candidate against P. gingivalis. The vaccine comprises epitopes from subunit proteins prioritized from the P. gingivalis reference strain (P. gingivalis ATCC 33277) using several reported vaccine properties. Protein-based subunit vaccines were prioritized through genomics techniques. Epitope prediction was performed using immunoinformatic servers and tools. Molecular modeling approaches were used to build a putative three-dimensional structure of the vaccine to understand its interactions with host immune cells through biophysical techniques such as molecular docking simulation studies and binding free energy methods. Genome subtraction identified 18 vaccine targets: six outer-membrane, nine cytoplasmic membrane-, one periplasmic, and two extracellular proteins. These proteins passed different vaccine checks required for the successful development of a vaccine candidate. The shortlisted proteins were subjected to immunoinformatic analysis to map B-cell derived T-cell epitopes, and antigenic, water-soluble, non-toxic, and good binders of DRB1*0101 were selected. The epitopes were then modeled into a multi-epitope peptide vaccine construct (linked epitopes plus adjuvant) to enhance immunogenicity and effectively engage both innate and adaptive immunity. Further, the molecular docking approach was used to determine the binding conformation of the vaccine to TLR2 innate immune receptor. Molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations of the vaccine–TLR2 complex were performed to highlight key intermolecular binding energies. Findings of this study will be useful for vaccine developers to design an effective vaccine for chronic periodontitis pathogens, specifically P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Shaker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Junhao Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Kim
- College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Dokyun Na, ; Hyung Wook Kim,
| | - Dokyun Na
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Dokyun Na, ; Hyung Wook Kim,
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Rocha FG, Berges A, Sedra A, Ghods S, Kapoor N, Pill L, Davey ME, Fairman J, Gibson FC. A Porphyromonas gingivalis Capsule-Conjugate Vaccine Protects From Experimental Oral Bone Loss. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2021; 2:686402. [PMID: 35048031 PMCID: PMC8757777 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.686402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory diseases of the periodontium that result in progressive destruction of the soft and hard tissues supporting the teeth, and it is the most common cause of tooth loss among adults. In the US alone, over 100 million individuals are estimated to have periodontal disease. Subgingival bacteria initiate and sustain inflammation, and, although several bacteria have been associated with periodontitis, Porphyromonas gingivalis has emerged as the key etiological organism significantly contributing to the disease. Currently, intensive clinical maintenance strategies are deployed to mitigate the further progression of disease in afflicted individuals; however, these treatments often fail to stop disease progression, and, as such, the development of an effective vaccine for periodontal disease is highly desirable. We generated a conjugate vaccine, comprising of the purified capsular polysaccharide of P. gingivalis conjugated to eCRM®, a proprietary and enhanced version of the CRM197 carrier protein with predetermined conjugation sites (Pg-CV). Mice immunized with alum adjuvanted Pg-CV developed robust serum levels of whole organism-specific IgG in comparison to animals immunized with unconjugated capsular polysaccharide alone. Using the murine oral bone loss model, we observed that mice immunized with the capsule-conjugate vaccine were significantly protected from the effects of P. gingivalis-elicited oral bone loss. Employing a preclinical model of infection-elicited oral bone loss, our data support that a conjugate vaccine incorporating capsular polysaccharide antigen is effective in reducing the main clinical endpoint of periodontal disease-oral bone destruction. Further development of a P. gingivalis capsule-based conjugate vaccine for preventing periodontal diseases is supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda G. Rocha
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Aym Berges
- Vaxcyte Inc., Foster City, CA, United States
| | - Angie Sedra
- Vaxcyte Inc., Foster City, CA, United States
| | - Shirin Ghods
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | - Lucy Pill
- Vaxcyte Inc., Foster City, CA, United States
| | - Mary Ellen Davey
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | - Frank C. Gibson
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Annual review of selected scientific literature: A report of the Committee on Scientific Investigation of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 124:274-349. [PMID: 32811666 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This comprehensive review of the 2019 restorative dental literature is offered to inform busy dentists regarding remarkable publications and noteworthy progress made in the profession. Developed by the Scientific Investigation Committee of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry, each author brings discipline-specific expertise to 1 of 8 sections of the report: (1) prosthodontics; (2) periodontics, alveolar bone, and peri-implant tissues; (3) implant dentistry; (4) dental materials and therapeutics; (5) occlusion and temporomandibular disorders; (6) sleep-related breathing disorders; (7) oral medicine and oral and maxillofacial surgery; and (8) dental caries and cariology. The report targets important information likely to influence day-to-day dental treatment decisions. Each review is not intended to stand alone but to update interested readers so that they may visit source material when greater detail is desired. As the profession moves toward evidence-based clinical decision-making, an incredible volume of potentially valuable dental literature continues to increase. It is the intention of this review and its authors to provide assistance in negotiating the extensive dental literature published in 2019. It is our hope that readers find this work useful in the clinical management of dental patients.
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Peng HY, Chen SY, Siao SH, Chang JT, Xue TY, Lee YH, Jan MS, Tsay GJ, Zouali M. Targeting a cysteine protease from a pathobiont alleviates experimental arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:114. [PMID: 32410713 PMCID: PMC7222327 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02205-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several lines of evidence suggest that the pathobiont Porphyromonas gingivalis is involved in the development and/or progression of auto-inflammatory diseases. This bacterium produces cysteine proteases, such as gingipain RgpA, endowed with the potential to induce significant bone loss in model systems and in patients. Objective We sought to gain further insight into the role of this pathobiont in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to identify novel therapeutic targets for auto-inflammatory diseases. Methods We profiled the antibody response to RgPA-specific domains in patient sera. We also tested the potential protective effects of RgpA domains in an experimental arthritis model. Results Pre-immunization of rats with purified recombinant RgpA domains alleviated arthritis in the joints of the rodents and reduced bone erosion. Using a functional genomics approach at both the mRNA and protein levels, we report that the pre-immunizations reduced arthritis severity by impacting a matrix metalloprotease characteristic of articular injury, a chemokine known to be involved in recruiting inflammatory cells, and three inflammatory cytokines. Finally, we identified an amino acid motif in the RgpA catalytic domain of P. gingivalis that shares sequence homology with type II collagen. Conclusion We conclude that pre-immunization against gingipain domains can reduce the severity of experimentally induced arthritis. We suggest that targeting gingipain domains by pre-immunization, or, possibly, by small-molecule inhibitors, could reduce the potential of P. gingivalis to translocate to remote tissues and instigate and/or exacerbate pathology in RA, but also in other chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Peng
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yao Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hong Siao
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Ting-Yin Xue
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Lee
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiou Jan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Gregory J Tsay
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. .,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Moncef Zouali
- Inserm UMR 1132, F-75475, Paris, France. .,University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75475, Paris, France. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Huang N, Shimomura E, Yin G, Tran C, Sato A, Steiner A, Heibeck T, Tam M, Fairman J, Gibson FC. Immunization with cell-free-generated vaccine protects from Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced alveolar bone loss. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46:197-205. [PMID: 30578564 PMCID: PMC7891626 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Periodontal diseases (PD) are complex oral inflammatory diseases initiated by keystone bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. A vaccine for PD is desirable as clinical treatment involves protracted maintenance strategies aimed to retain dentition. Although prior immunization approaches targeting P. gingivalis have reported variable success in limiting facets of disease such as oral bone loss, it remains that a vaccine for this disease may be attainable. Aim To investigate cell‐free protein synthesis (CFPS) as a platform to produce vaccinable targets suitable for efficacy testing in a P. gingivalis‐induced murine oral bone loss model. Materials and Methods Recombinantly generated P. gingivalis minor fimbriae protein (Mfa1), RgpA gingipain hemagglutinin domain 1 (HA1), and RgpA gingipain hemagglutinin domain 2 (HA2) were combined in equivalent doses in adjuvants and injected intramuscularly to immunize mice. Serum levels of protein‐specific antibody were measured by ELISA, and oral bone levels were defined by morphometrics. Results Recombinantly generated P. gingivalis proteins possessed high fidelity to predicted size and elicited protein‐specific IgG following immunization. Importantly, immunization with the vaccine cocktail protected from P. gingivalis elicited oral bone loss. Conclusion These data verify the utility of the CFPS technology to synthesize proteins that have the capacity to serve as novel vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasi Huang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Gang Yin
- Sutro BioPharma, South San Francisco, California
| | - Cuong Tran
- Sutro BioPharma, South San Francisco, California
| | - Aaron Sato
- Sutro BioPharma, South San Francisco, California
| | - Alex Steiner
- Sutro BioPharma, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Michelle Tam
- Sutro BioPharma, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Frank C Gibson
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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