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Temur I, Temur KT, Donertas SN, Dönertas AD. The relationships of inflammatory blood markers with maternal periodontal and dental states and their effects on preterm membrane rupture development. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:652. [PMID: 38835011 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04427-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of maternal oral and dental health on the occurrence of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (P-PROM) and its underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. This research seeks to investigate the impact of maternal oral and dental health on the incidence of P-PROM and its association with inflammatory markers in the blood. METHODS This study adopts a prospective case-control design methodology. The study involved 70 women diagnosed with P-PROM and delivered by an obstetrician and 79 women who had healthy deliveries with no prenatal complications. The values for DMFT (Number of decayed, missing and filled teeth) index, Gingival Index (GI), Plaque index (PI), Pocket depth (PD), Clinical attachment loss (CAL) and medical history were recorded. Mann-Whitney U test and hierarchical binomial logistic regression analysis were applied. It was considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. RESULTS The case group's DMFT, PI, GI, PD values were statistically significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.001). There was no relationship between DMFT, GI, PD, CAL and inflammatory blood markers (p > 0.05). In the regression analysis for possible risk factors that may be effective in P-PROM, oral and dental health parameters were the most effective. CONCLUSIONS Oral and dental health of women with P-PROM was found to be worse than that of the control group. Oral and dental health may be a potential risk factor that may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with P-PROM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Temur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Katibe Tugce Temur
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey.
| | - Safak Necati Donertas
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Aycan Dal Dönertas
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
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Wolde M, Mulatu T, Alemayehu G, Alemayehu A, Assefa N. Predictors and perinatal outcomes of pre-labor rupture of membrane among pregnant women admitted to Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia: a retrospective study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1269024. [PMID: 38322499 PMCID: PMC10844395 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1269024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Pre-labor rupture of membrane (PROM) refers to a membrane rupture that occurs after the 28th week of pregnancy but before the start of labor. If not appropriately managed, it poses a significant risk to the health of the mother and fetus. However, information on the magnitude of PROM, contributing factors, and its perinatal outcomes was limited in Eastern Ethiopia. This study assessed the prevalence, predictors, and perinatal outcomes of PROM among pregnant women admitted to Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized University Hospital (HFCSUH) in Eastern Ethiopia so as to guide specific preventive measures. Methods A hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out from May 15 to June 14, 2022, and data were gathered by reviewing the chart records of 424 pregnant women who were admitted to maternity and labor wards in the previous two years, from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020. Records were chosen using a simple random sampling method. Mother's socio-demographic traits, previous obstetric and gynecologic history, current pregnancy history, habit-related history (khat chewing), ultrasound findings, laboratory investigations, mode of delivery, maternal and perinatal outcomes were extracted from the maternal charts. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of pre-labor membrane rupture. The association between the explanatory and outcome variables was expressed using an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. Results The prevalence of pre-labor membrane rupture was 16.27% with 95% CI: (13.05-20.11). Among 69 women who experienced pre-labor rupture of membrane, 50 (72.5%) of them had adverse perinatal outcomes. Of all 69 neonates 17 (24.64%) were delivered with low birth weight and 20 (29%) of them were born preterm. The overall perinatal mortality rate was 10.1% or 101 per 1,000 live births. History of abortion [AOR = 2.61; 95% CI (1.09, 6.24)], urinary tract infection [AOR = 2.59; 95% CI (1.23, 5.42)], antepartum hemorrhage [AOR = 3.35; 95% CI (1.38, 8.13)], and khat chewing (a leafy plant which contains psychoactive chemical) in the current pregnancy [AOR = 2.63; 95% CI (1.49, 4.63)] were all significantly associated with pre-labor rupture of membrane. Conclusion In this study, the magnitude of pre-labor membrane rupture was relatively high compared to the global rate. Prenatal risk identification and early detection of complications among mothers with a history of abortion, antepartum hemorrhage, urinary tract infection, and counseling on the effects of khat chewing during pregnancy are crucial to reduce the likelihood of pre-labor membrane rupture and its adverse perinatal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meseret Wolde
- Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized University Hospital, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Teshale Mulatu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Gemechu Alemayehu
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Afework Alemayehu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Nega Assefa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Assefa EM, Chane G, Teme A, Nigatu TA. Determinants of prelabor rupture of membrane among pregnant women attending governmental hospitals in Jimma zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia: A multi-center case-control study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294482. [PMID: 38033036 PMCID: PMC10688638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prelabor rupture of membrane defined as the rupture of fetal membranes before the beginning of uterine contractions, is a common complication of pregnancy and the leading cause of preterm birth. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of prelabor rupture of membrane varied significantly between settings due to variations in risk factors. Besides, there was no study conducted using primary data, particularly in the Jimma zone, Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to identify determinants of prelabor rupture of membrane among pregnant women attending governmental hospitals in the Jimma zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia. METHODS An institutional-based unmatched case-control study design was conducted from October 15 to December 15, 2021, at four governmental hospitals. A consecutive sampling technique was used to select 316 participants (79 cases and 237 controls). Women with prelabor rupture of the membrane were confirmed by history, sterile vaginal examination, and ultrasound as cases, and their counterparts as controls. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on maternal (obstetric, medical, behavioral) and fetal-related characteristics. The data were entered into Epi Data version 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics, bi-variable, and multivariable logistic regression were computed. The odds ratio with a 95% confidence level was used, and the significance level was declared at a p-value < 0.05. RESULTS A total of 316 participants (79 cases and 237 controls) were included in this study. Pregnancy-induced hypertension (AOR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.41-6.64), history of abortion (AOR = 3.67, 95% CI: 1.56-8.65), urinary tract infections (AOR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.13-6.06), abnormal vaginal discharge (AOR = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.21-5.79), maternal khat chewing (AOR = 3.40, 95% CI: 1.70-6.80), mid-upper arm circumference less than 23 cm (AOR = 2.80, 95% CI: 1.51-5.19), and fetal presentation (breech) (AOR = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.10-6.28) were determinants of prelabor rupture of membrane among pregnant women. CONCLUSION This study revealed that the aforementioned factors were found to be determinants of prelabor rupture of membrane among pregnant women. Therefore, hospitals should give focus to the early screening, diagnosis, and treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension, urinary tract infection, and abnormal vaginal discharge to reduce the burden of prelabor rupture of membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Msaye Assefa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Chane
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Addis Teme
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Association between the Risk of Preterm Birth and Low Birth Weight with Periodontal Disease in Pregnant Women: An Umbrella Review. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:dj11030074. [PMID: 36975571 PMCID: PMC10047843 DOI: 10.3390/dj11030074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this review is to determine the association between the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight in newborns and periodontal disease in pregnant women. Methods: A bibliographic search was carried out until November 2021 in the following biomedical databases: PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scielo, LILACS and Google Scholar. Studies reporting the association between the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight in newborns with periodontal disease in pregnant women, which were systematic reviews, in English and without time limits were included. AMSTAR-2 was used to assess the risk of the included studies, and the GRADEPro GDT tool was used to assess the quality of the evidence and the strength of the recommendation of the results. Results: The preliminary search yielded a total of 161 articles, discarding those that did not meet the selection criteria, leaving only 15 articles. Seven articles were entered into a meta-analysis, and it was found that there is an association between the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight in newborns with periodontal disease in pregnant women. Conclusions: There is an association between the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight in newborns with periodontal disease in pregnant women.
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Yitayih Y, Vanderplasschen W, Vandewalle S, Rita VD, Gilbert L. The effects of khat use during pregnancy on perinatal and maternal outcomes: a meta-analysis. Arch Womens Ment Health 2023; 26:11-27. [PMID: 36689029 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-023-01293-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Chewing khat during pregnancy adversely affects maternal and fetal health, but available studies are scarce and inconsistent, and it is difficult to conclude the relationship between khat consumption and perinatal outcomes. We aimed to investigate the available studies on the effect of khat use during pregnancy on perinatal and maternal outcomes. For this meta-analysis, we conducted a thorough search of articles published in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science up to the date this search was undertaken (03.01.2022). We used random effect model with the Mantel-Haenszel method to calculate the pooled odds ratio and mean difference. We found that khat use during pregnancy was significantly associated with increased odds of low birth weight (OR:2.51; 95% CI: 1.60 to 3.94), congenital anomalies (OR:3.17; 95% CI: 1.30 to 7.73), premature rupture of membrane (OR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.59 to 2.50), perinatal mortality (OR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.26 to 3.03), and lower APGAR scores at the fifth minute (MD: -1.7; 95% CI: -2.32 to -1.07). Also, increased odds for developing maternal psychological stress and anemia were reported in women using khat during pregnancy. There were no statistically significant differences in stillbirth and preterm birth between women using khat during pregnancy and their counterparts. Since prenatal khat use is associated with adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes, we strongly recommend equitable and easily accessible health services through the implementation of integrated addiction treatment with maternity services to address khat use during pregnancy and encourage the practice of healthy behavior of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimenu Yitayih
- Department of Head and Skin - Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10. B 9000 Gent, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Wouter Vanderplasschen
- Department of Special Needs Education, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Vandewalle
- Department of Special Needs Education, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Van Damme Rita
- Department of Head and Skin - Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10. B 9000 Gent, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Perinatal Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lemmens Gilbert
- Department of Head and Skin - Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10. B 9000 Gent, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Perinatal Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Moncunill-Mira J, Brunet-Llobet L, Cuadras D, Lorente-Colomé N, Pascal R, Rovira C, Nadal A, Miranda-Rius J. Do the clinical criteria used to diagnose periodontitis affect the association with prematurity? Odontology 2020; 109:455-463. [PMID: 33128123 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-020-00562-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, several studies have examined the possible relationship between periodontal disease in pregnant women and preterm birth. One of the difficulties facing these studies is the heterogeneity of the clinical criteria used to define periodontitis. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the degree of association between maternal periodontitis and preterm birth according to different consensus definitions of periodontal disease. In a study of 146 mothers (60 with preterm births and 86 with term deliveries) at the Sant Joan de Déu Maternal and Children's Hospital in Barcelona, a periodontal examination was carried out within 2 days of birth and the presence of periodontal disease was evaluated using the main clinical classifications published in the literature. The prevalence of periodontitis ranged from 25.4 to 52.1%, depending on the criteria used for its definition. Using the most restrictive criteria, pregnant women with periodontitis had a higher risk of preterm birth (OR: 7.49; p < 0.001) and premature rupture of membranes (OR: 2.49; p = 0.017). Premature infants born to mothers with periodontitis presented a tendency toward low weight, adjusted for gestational age (OR: 3.32; p = 0.065). Our findings suggest that the association between periodontitis and preterm birth is influenced by the definitions of periodontitis used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Moncunill-Mira
- Department of Dentistry, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Dentistry, Clinical Orthodontics and Periodontal Medicine Research Group (HDCORPEMrg), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Brunet-Llobet
- Department of Dentistry, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Dentistry, Clinical Orthodontics and Periodontal Medicine Research Group (HDCORPEMrg), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Cuadras
- Statistics Unit, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu (FSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Lorente-Colomé
- BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu - University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosalia Pascal
- BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu - University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlota Rovira
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfons Nadal
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, Agust Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Miranda-Rius
- Department of Dentistry, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Hospital Dentistry, Clinical Orthodontics and Periodontal Medicine Research Group (HDCORPEMrg), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Odontostomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga, s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.
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Moliner-Sánchez CA, Iranzo-Cortés JE, Almerich-Silla JM, Bellot-Arcís C, Ortolá-Siscar JC, Montiel-Company JM, Almerich-Torres T. Effect of per Capita Income on the Relationship between Periodontal Disease during Pregnancy and the Risk of Preterm Birth and Low Birth Weight Newborn. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8015. [PMID: 33143275 PMCID: PMC7662804 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This work analyzed the available evidence in the scientific literature about the risk of preterm birth and/or giving birth to low birth weight newborns in pregnant women with periodontal disease. A systematic search was carried out in three databases for observational cohort studies that related periodontal disease in pregnant women with the risk of preterm delivery and/or low birth weight, and that gave their results in relative risk (RR) values. Eleven articles were found, meeting the inclusion criteria. Statistically significant values were obtained regarding the risk of preterm birth in pregnant women with periodontitis (RR = 1.67 (1.17-2.38), 95% confidence interval (CI)), and low birth weight (RR = 2.53 (1.61-3.98) 95% CI). When a meta-regression was carried out to relate these results to the income level of each country, statistically significant results were also obtained; on the one hand, for preterm birth, a RR = 1.8 (1.43-2.27) 95% CI was obtained and, on the other hand, for low birth weight, RR = 2.9 (1.98-4.26) 95% CI. A statistically significant association of periodontitis, and the two childbirth complications studied was found, when studying the association between these results and the country's per capita income level. However, more studies and clinical trials are needed in this regard to confirm the conclusions obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Enrique Iranzo-Cortés
- Stomatology Department, University of Valencia, 46010 València, Spain; (C.A.M.-S.); (J.M.A.-S.); (C.B.-A.); (J.C.O.-S.); (J.M.M.-C.); (T.A.-T.)
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Lakshmi SV, Srilatha A, Satyanarayana D, Reddy LS, Chalapathi SB, Meenakshi S. Oral health knowledge among a cohort of pregnant women in south India: A questionnaire survey. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:3015-3019. [PMID: 32984165 PMCID: PMC7491853 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_329_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess oral health knowledge of pregnant women visiting Government Maternity Hospital, Hyderabad. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 606 pregnant women aged 18–40 years old. Oral health knowledge of respondents was assessed using the 14-item self-administered questionnaire and responses were recorded on a dichotomous scale (yes/no). The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) package version 20.0. Results: Overall inadequate knowledge regards to oral health was observed among 55.8% pregnant women. Based on knowledge regarding tooth decay, 71.6% of study participants believed that every painful tooth has to be removed and 81% of respondents were unaware of brushing with fluoridated toothpaste prevents tooth decay. Similarly, with respect to gum disease, 77.7% of subjects were not aware of gum disease and around 49.8% unacquainted that bleeding during tooth brushing indicates gum problems. It is enriching to observe, 94.1% of respondents felt oral health is important for general health. On the other hand, a quite alarmingly high percentage (73.9%) of subjects does not know the relationship between oral health and pregnancy. Furthermore, 91.1% and 65.5% of participants were ignorant that pregnancy can increase the tendency of gums to swell or bleed and poor oral health affect their unborn baby, respectively. More than three-fourths of the study participants (84%) had never visited dentist Conclusion: The study highlights limited knowledge allied to oral health among pregnant women and problem-oriented dental visits indicating an urge among this group to scale up their knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Venkata Lakshmi
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Srilatha
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - D Satyanarayana
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - L Swetha Reddy
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Suma B Chalapathi
- Department of Prosthodontics, KLRs Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, xyi, India
| | - S Meenakshi
- Department of Prosthodontics, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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Yadeta TA, Egata G, Seyoum B, Marami D. Khat chewing in pregnant women associated with prelabor rupture of membranes, evidence from eastern Ethiopia. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 36:1. [PMID: 32550964 PMCID: PMC7282619 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.36.1.22528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) is a major factor that affects pregnancy outcome. Results from previous studies have suggested that there is an association between pregnant women, khat chewing and preterm birth, but evidence of association with PROM is sparse. This study therefore aims at identifying association between khat chewing in pregnancy and premature rupture of membranes in eastern Ethiopia. Methods A health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1688 pregnant women who came for delivery service in Harar town, Eastern Ethiopia between June to October in 2016. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire and checklist to extract data from the medical record. The association between khat and PROM was examined using logistic regression analysis. A statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05. Results Of the 1688 pregnant women who participated in the study, 397 had prelabor rupture of the membranes, representing a proportion of 23.5% [(95% CI: (21.5, 25.6%)]. Of these 397 prelabor rupture of the membranes 198 (31.53%) were from Khat chewing mothers and, 199(18.77%) were from non-khat chewing mothers. After controlling for potential confounders, the multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed the odds of PROM was 1.51 times higher among khat chewed pregnant women [AOR = 1.51; 95% CI; (1.11, 2.07)] were had no khat chewing. Conclusion This study found a significant association between khat chewing in pregnancy and PROM. Efforts to reduce PROM need to consider prevention of khat chewing in pregnancy. A specific strategy need to protect pregnant women from khat chewing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Assebe Yadeta
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Gudina Egata
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanu Seyoum
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dadi Marami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Kayar NA, Çelik İ, Alptekin NÖ. Immune responses in women with periodontitis and preterm low birth weight: Levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in gingival granulation tissue. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 109:104551. [PMID: 31542704 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preterm Low-Birth-Weight (PLBW) is frequently associated with periodontal disease. However, the mechanism is still unknown. The present study was performed to examine the possible link between periodontal infections and PLBW in post-partum women utilizing clinical parameters and CD4+ and CD8 + T lymphocytes ratio in gingival granulation tissue. MATERIALS The tissues used in this study consisted of 35 gingival granulation tissue biopsies from 35 mothers of healthy infants (HTBW), 35 biopsies of gingival granulation tissue from 35 mothers of PLBW within one month postpartum and gingival tissue biopsies from 7 control individual with no periodontal disease (HC). CD4+ and CD8 + T lymphocyte ratios in a unit area of the gingival granulation tissue were determined by hystometrically. Statistical analysis was performed by using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS CD8 + T lymphocytes were more prevalent in the PLBW group than in the HTBW and HC group (P < 0.05). The CD4+/CD8+ ratio in the PLBW group was lower than those of the other groups (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in CD4 + T lymphocytes counts between all groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Within the limits of this study it can be concluded that CD8 + T lymphocytes in gingival tissue may play important roles in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and PLBW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nezahat Arzu Kayar
- Akdeniz University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Antalya, 07058, Turkey.
| | - İlhami Çelik
- Selcuk University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nilgün Özlem Alptekin
- Başkent University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Ankara, Turkey
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